ObjectiveTo determine the possible causes for functional delayed gastric emptying (FDGE) and its diagnosis and treatment. MethodsThe clinical data of 53 FDGE patients after subtotal gastrectomy from 1987 to 2001 were retrospectively analysed. ResultsAll the 53 patients were recovered and discharged. Among them, 11 were misdiagnosised as mechanical ileus and were reoperated on. ConclusionsThe main cause of FDGE may be the disturbance of gastrointestinal motility which may be caused by vegetative nerve injury during the operation. The main therapy is non-surgical treatment and reoperation should be avoided at the early stage.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and radiological results of locking plate for treatment of proximal humerus frac‐tures and the efficacy of anatomical healing of tuberosities .Methods A total of 57 patients with proximal humerus fractures were treated with locking‐plate from July 2008 to March 2012 .A standardized radiological evaluation was conducted .Patients were divid‐ed into two groups :group A (anatomical healing of tuberosities) with 31 cases and group B (without anatomical healing of tuberosi‐ties) with 26 cases .Clinical assessment was performed using the Neer rating scale .Results Considering the entire sample ,the mean Neer score was 87 .96 ± 5 .06 points ,the excellent rate was 94 .74℅ .Comparing these parameters in the two groups ,group A was significant higher in the Neer scores and the range of movement than that of group B (P<0 .05) ,there was no statistic differences in the scores of pain and function (P>0 .05) .Conclusion the locing plate for treatment of complex proximal humerus fractures has a high subjective satisfaction rate .A good functional result depends on anatomical reestablishment of proximal humerus anatomy , particularly the healing of the greater tuberosity .

Objective To establish the GIOP model and extract BMSCs from the rat model.We aim to in-vesitigatethe effect ofrhPTH(1-34)for inhibiting β-catenin ubiquitination when combining with Micro-CT and bio-logical technology.We also investigate the influence of rhPTH(1-34)on the GIOP.Methods Female SPF emale rats wererandomly divided into normal control group,methylprednisolone group(model group),methylpredniso-lone+saline group(blankcontrol group)and methylprednisolone+rhPTH(1-34)group(test group). The proximal femoral cancellous bone was examined by Micro-CTand histopathological Staining. The expression of Wnt10b and β-catenin protein were detected. By comparing with inducedBMP-2,BMSCs were treated withrhPTH(1-34)and stained with ALP and alizarin red.Results(1)In Micro-CT,BV/TV,Tb.Th and Tb/N decreased,whereas Tb/sp increased in the test group comparedwith model group(P<0.05).ROI three-dimensional reconstruction of trabecu-lar bone in test group showed local bone repair;(2)Wnt10b and β-cateninexpression increased in the test group compared with the model model(P<0.05),indicating that rhPTH(1-34)can enhance the transcriptional activity of β-catenin(P<0.05)and promote the expression of Wnt10b andβ-catenin(P<0.05).Conclusion The inter-vention with rhPTH(1-34)can prevent GIOP by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and inhibiting GIOP progress,which can improve the microstructure of bone.

Objective To create a mouse model of colorectal polyps with Apc-Kras-Cre gene mutations using the tamoxifen induction method.Methods Mice with Apc-Kras-Cre mutations were divided into four groups and injected intraperitoneally with different concentrations and dosages of tamoxifen for different durations,with group 1 injected with low dosage tamoxifen(5 mg/kg)for 1 day,group 2 injected with low dosage tamoxifen(5 mg/kg)for 3 days,group 3 injected with high dosage tamoxifen(50 mg/kg)for 1 day,group 4 injected with high dosage tamoxifen(50 mg/kg)for 3 days.C57BL/6J mice were used as a healthy control group and survival and changes in body weight were observed.All mice were euthanized 4 weeks post-tamoxifen induction and the colon length and number and size of intestinal polyps were observed.Histological changes in the intestinal tissue and polyps were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results The survival rate of male mice was higher(P＜0.001)and the morbidity rate of male mice was lower compared with female mice(P＜0.05).The survival rate differed significantly among the four groups(P＜0.01).All groups showed significant changes in body weight compared with the healthy control group(P＜0.001).There were also significant differences in weight changes between tamoxifen-induced groups 1 and 2,between groups 2 and 3,and between groups 1 and 4(P＜0.001,P＜0.01,P＜0.05,respectively).There were no significant differences in colon length between any treated group and the healthy control group(P＞0.05),but colon length did differ between tamoxifen-induced groups 1 and 3(P＜0.05).Polyp size varied in each group of tamoxifen-treated mice,with most polyps occuring at the distal end of the colon,while mice in groups 3 and 4 had more and larger polyps.Histopathological examination showed intestinal polyps with uneven and misaligned glandular and epithelial arrangements,a loosely-packed intestinal mucosal barrier,and irregularly-distributed crypts in tamoxifen-induced mice compared with the healthy control group,while mice in tamoxifen-induced groups 3 and 4 showed signs of inflammation and mice in group 4 showed necrosis of cells in some regions.Conclusions Tamoxifen-induced Apc-Kras-Cre model mice were successfully established,with the group 3 induction method being the most suitable.

Objective To observe the morphological changes in the testes and ovaries of adult 12th-generation Oncomelania hupensis bred for 12 winters in Weishan Lake areas. Methods The offspring of the adult O. hupensis snails bred in the Weishan Lake that were originated from the Yangzhou section of the Yangtze River was defined as the experiment group, while uninfected, adult O. hupensis snails captured from the marshland of the Yangzhou section of the Yangtze River served as the control group. Snails were dissected and intact testicular and ovarian specimens were sampled, routinely fixed, dehydrated, embedded, polymerized in an oven and sliced on an ultramicrotome. The sections were visualized under a transmission electron microscope, and the ultrastructure of the snail gonad was compared between the experiment and control groups. Results Transmission electron microscopy showed “9 + 2” microtubules on the transverse sections of the tails of sperm cells in the testes of male snails in the control group, with triangular acrosomes and spiral, dense nuclei seen in the tip, while in the experiment group, the “9 + 2” microtubules disappeared on the transverse sections of the tails of sperm cells in the testes of male snails, with low chromatin density found in the tip. Transmission electron microscopy revealed clear nucleolus and nuclear membranes in the ova of female snail ovaries, and displayed yolk body, liposomes and endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm, bilayer twists of nuclear membrane and a uniform nucleolus in the control group, while in the experiment group, smooth nuclear membrane and unclear nucleolus were observed in the ova of female snail ovaries, with few contents seen within cells. Conclusions Following breeding for 12 winters in the Weishan Lake, the 12th-generation O. hupensis snails fail to fully adapt to the natural environment in northern China, and the remarkable changes in the ultrastructure of the snail gonad may be a cause of gradual decline and even extinction of O. hupensis in the Weishan Lake areas.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a snail control approach for spraying chemicals with drones against Oncomelania hupensis in complex snail habitats in hilly regions, and to evaluate its molluscicidal effect. METHODS: The protocol for evaluating the activity of spraying chemical molluscicides with drones against O. hupensis snails was formulated based on expert consultation and literature review. In August 2022, a pretest was conducted in a hillside field environment (12 000 m²) north of Dafengji Village, Dacang Township, Weishan County, Yunnan Province, which was assigned into four groups, of no less than 3 000 m² in each group. In Group A, environmental cleaning was not conducted and 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with drones at a dose of 40 g/m², and in Group B, environmental cleaning was performed, followed by 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with drones at a dose of 40 g/m², while in Group C, environmental cleaning was not conducted and 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m², and in Group D, environmental cleaning was performed, followed by 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m². Then, each group was equally divided into six sections according to land area, with Section 1 for baseline surveys and sections 2 to 6 for snail surveys after chemical treatment. Snail surveys were conducted prior to chemical treatment and 1, 3, 5, 7 days post-treatment, and the mortality and corrected mortality of snails, density of living snails and costs of molluscicidal treatment were calculated in each group. RESULTS: The mortality and corrected mortality of snails were 69.49%, 69.09%, 53.57% and 83.48%, and 68.58%, 68.17%, 52.19% and 82.99% in groups A, B, C and D 14 days post-treatment, and the density of living snails reduced by 58.40%, 63.94%, 68.91% and 83.25% 14 days post-treatment relative to pre-treatment in four groups, respectively. The median concentrations of chemical molluscicides were 37.08, 35.42, 42.50 g/m² and 56.25 g/m² in groups A, B, C and D, and the gross costs of chemical treatment were 0.93, 1.50, 0.46 Yuan per m² and 1.03 Yuan per m² in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The molluscicidal effect of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones against O. hupensis snails is superior to manual chemical treatment without environmental cleaning, and chemical treatment with drones and manual chemical treatment show comparable molluscicidal effects following environmental cleaning in hilly regions. The cost of chemical treatment with drones is slightly higher than manual chemical treatment regardless of environmental cleaning. Spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones is recommended in complex settings with difficulty in environmental cleaning to improve the molluscicidal activity and efficiency against O. hupensis snails.
Niclosamide/pharmacology* ; Ethanolamine/pharmacology* ; Unmanned Aerial Devices ; China ; Molluscacides/pharmacology* ; Ethanolamines