Gluconobacter oxydans converts glucose to gluconic acid and subsequently to 5-keto-D-gluconic acid (5-KGA), a precursor of industrially important L(+)-tartaric acid. To increase the yield of 5-KGA, fermentation conditions of 5-KGA production was optimized. Under the optimum medium and culture conditions in the shake flask, the highest 5-KGA production reached 19.7 g/L, increased by 43.8% after optimization. In a 5-L bioreactor, the pH was controlled at 5.5 and dissolved oxygen (DO) at 15%, 5-KGA production reached 46.0 g/L, raised at least 1.3 times than in the shake flask. Glucose feeding fermentation process was further developed, and the highest 5-KGA production of 75.5 g/L with 70% of yield was obtained, 32.0% higher than the highest reported value. Therefore, this newly developed fermentation process provided a practical and effective alternative for the commercial production of 5-KGA, and further of L(+)-tartaric acid.
Bioreactors ; Fermentation ; Gluconates ; metabolism ; Gluconobacter oxydans ; metabolism ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Industrial Microbiology ; Tartrates ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE To study the methods and curative effects of reconstruction of oropharyngeal defects after resection of tonsillar cancer. METHODS Nineteen patients with tonsillar cancer underwent operation. The choice of surgical procedure was decided on the size of the lesions. The tumor was resected through the hyoid approach and mandibular swing approach. Surgical defects were repaired immediately with tongue flap, temporalis myofascial flap, pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. RESULTS The functions of respiration, chewing, deglutition, and speech were restored satisfied in all patients. Partial necrosis of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap occurred in one patient, and mild difficulty of open mouth in 3 patients after repaired with temporalis myofascial flap. CONCLUSION Choosing what is optimum from multiple feasible surgical methods is prerequisite for better oropharyngeal function and quality of life in patients with tonsillar cancer.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features of pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmo-nary emphysema. Methods: selected 868 patients with pneumoconiosis were selected from December 2015 to December 2016 in Hunan occupational disease prevention and treatment hospital. Collected the results of high-resolution spiral CT, arterial blood gas, ECG, pulmonary function and MRC score. The subjects were divided into pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmonary emphysema group and simple pneumoconiosis group accord-ing to the results of HRCT. The smoking, MRC score, pulmonary function, blood gas and complications were compared. Results: A total of 868 patients were enrolled in the study. Emphysema 232 people, accounting for 26.73%. The incidence of emphysema in the first phase of pneumoconiosis was 12.69%, and the incidence rate of emphysema in pneumoconiosis was 17.03%, The incidence of three Stage pneumoconiosis was highest, up to 60.76%, the incidence of emphysema increased with the increase of stages of pneumoconiosis (P=0.000) .The smoking index of pneumoconiosis combined with emphysema group was significantly higher than that of simple pneumoconiosis group (P<0.01) . The MRC score of pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmonary em-physema group was higher than that of simple pneumoconiosis group (P=0.000) . In pneumoconiosis complicat-ed with pulmonary emphysema group the FEV_1.0%, FVC%, FEV_1.0/FVC, DLCO%, oxygen partial pressure were significantly lower than that of simple pneumoconiosis group (P≤0.05) . The combined rate of Bullae of lung in pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmonary emphysema group was higher than that of simple pneumo-coniosis group (P<0.01) . Conclusion pneumoconiosis stage and smoking. Patients with pneumoconiosis com-plicated with pulmonary emphysema had heavier breathing difficulties, more serious pulmonary function and active endurance, the degree of hypoxia is more serious, and had a higher incidence of complications. The pul-monary function of pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmonary emphysema is not consistent with the typical CPFE.

OBJECTIVETo prepare the nasal thermosensible gels of Chinese medicine Xingbi and study the release mechanism.

METHODThe gels were prepared by using P407 as the gel matrix and P188 and PEG 6000 were used to adjust the gelatination temperature. The formulations were screened by the method of orthogonal test. Mathematic models were used to imitate the drug release.

RESULT20% poloxmar 407, 2% poloxmar 188 and 2% PEG 6000 were suitable to Chinese medicine Xingbi thermosensitive gel in situ. Nasal thermosensible gels of Chinese medicine Xingbi was gelated at the temperature between 32-34 degrees C and the dissolution curves in vitro showed that the drug release could be best described by the Higuchi equation.

CONCLUSIONThe formulation of the nasal thermosensible gels of Chinese medicine Xingbi is reasonable and it is worth doing further research.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Gels ; chemistry ; Humans ; Nose Diseases ; drug therapy ; Temperature

Objective To understand the spatial distribution characteristics of wild feces in schistosomiasis endemic areas of Jiangling County,Hubei Province and further explore the source of infection efficiently,so as to provide the evidence for the development of corresponding monitoring and response technology. Methods In 2011,the fresh wild feces were investigated every two months in the selected 15 villages by the severity of historical endemic in Jiangling County. The schistosome miracidi-um hatching method was used to test the schistosome infection of the wild feces. The descriptive analysis and spatial analysis were used for the description of the spatial distribution of the wild feces. Results Totally 701 wild feces samples were collected with the average density of 0.0556/100 m2,and the positive rate of the wild feces was 11.70%(82/701). The results of the re-gression analysis showed a positive spatial correlation between the positive rate of wild feces and the rate of human infection,the area with infected Oncomelania hupensis and the number of fenced cattle,and the corrected R2 of the model was 0.58. Conclu-sion The infection rate of wild feces is positively correlated with the rate of human infection,area with infected O. hupensis and number of fenced cattle in space in Jiangling County,so the prevention and control measures could be conducted according to the spatial distribution of the positive wild feces.

Objective In the present study, we investigated the effects of advanced oxidation protein products(AOPP) on reactive oxygen species(ROS) production in murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells by NADPH oxidase enzymes pathway. Methods Experiments were divided into three groups, including control group, rats albumin(RSA) group, and AOPP group. Different concentrations of AOPP were added to the osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells culture medium. The production of ROS in MC3T3-E1 cells was measured by the fluorescence intensity of intracellular fluoroprobe ( DCFD ) . In order to verify the effect of enzyme of the production of ROS, the specific inhibitors of corresponding enzymes were added in the MC3T3-E1 cells which were cultured in the medium with AOPP. Finally, western blot and immunofluorescence were used to observe the changes of NADPH oxidase enzymes subunits. Results Different concentrations of AOPP (50,100,200μg/ml) induced MC3T3-E1 cells to produce different amount of ROS. The higher concentrations of AOPP were added, the more ROS were produced. Furthermore,200μg/ml AOPP induced the maximum amount of ROS production(P<0. 05). Meanwhile, AOPP induced MC3T3-E1 cells to produce different amount of ROS with a time-dependent manner. The peak amount of ROS production in MC3T3-E1 cells was observed in 3h when AOPP were added (P<0. 05). In addition, when specific inhibitors of corresponding enzymes were added in the MC3T3-E1 cells, the production of ROS were significantly suppressed by C-SOD, DPI, and apocynin(P<0. 05). On the other hand, AOPP can up-regulate the expression of Nox4 protein of the MC3T3-E1 cells, which is one of the subunits of NADPH oxidase enzymes. Meanwhile, AOPP can also induce the membrane migration of p47phox subunit. Conclusion AOPP induces osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells to produce ROS by NADPH oxidase enzymes pathway, and which may be one of the pathogenesis of AOPP involved in osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVETo develop an HPLC method for gradient elution determination of danshensu and protocatechuic aldehyde in Shengkangling granula.

METHODThe analysis was carried on a column of Hypersil ODS2-C18 with a mobile phase consisted of methanol-1% glacial acetic acid 0-8 min (5:95), 8-11 min (6:94-5:95), 11-20 min (5:95) gradient elution at the flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 280 nm.

RESULTThe linearity was obtained in the range of 0.0504-0.504 microg (r = 0.9998) for tanshinol and 0.1090-1.090 microg (r = 0.9999) for protocatechuic aldehyde, respectively. The average recoveries of tanshinol and protocatechuic aldehyde in Shenkangling granula were 98.40% and 98.85%, and the RSDs were all less than 2.0%.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, accurate and rapid. It may be suitable for the usual quality control of tanshinol and protocatechuic aldehyde in Shengkangling granula.

Benzaldehydes ; analysis ; Catechols ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Dosage Forms ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo implement dose reconstruction and dose-guided intensity modulated radiotherapy for helical tomotherapy.

METHODSDose reconstruction was implemented on adaptive helical tomotherapy with the online megavoltage CT (MVCT) imaging from a patient with nasopharyngeal cancer. The differences of isodose line between actual and planned deposition were analysis in 3D distribution, on which the hot spot and cold spot were lined. The dose delivered to these areas was modulated in later fractions to keep the planned requirement.

RESULTSThe differences between actual and planned isodose line were shown on the image visually. The modulation to the hot spot and cold spot in later fraction corrected the incorrectly delivered dose to achieve the requirement of primary plan.

CONCLUSIONSThe dose reconstruction and dose-guided intensity modulated radiotherapy can be implemented in adaptive helical tomotherapy.

Humans ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; methods ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

Objective: To investigate the safety and influencing factors of ct-guided percutaneous lung biopsy in pneumoconiosis patients. Methods: The data of 63 patients with pneumoconiosis who underwent ct-guided percutaneous lung biopsy in our hospital were studied to analyze the incidence of complications and influencing factors of percutaneous lung biopsy. Results: 63 cases of pneumoconiosis patients received CT guided percutaneous lung biopsy. There were 29 cases of complications (46.03%) , including 20 pneumothorax (37.75%) , 12 bleeding (19.05%) , and 3 cases of liquid pneumothorax (4.76%) . The single factor chi square analysis showed that there were significant differences in age, depth of focus, puncture position and puncture times (P<0.05) , and there was significant difference between the occurrence of hemorrhage and age, type of focus, size of focus, and the location of puncture site (P<0.05) . The unconditional LogisticL multiple factor regression analysis showed that the depth of the lesion was an independent risk factor for concurrency pneumothorax, and the size of the lesion was an independent risk factor for bleeding. Conclusion Complications of CT-guided percutaneous pulmonary biopsy are mainly pneumothorax and hemorrhage. Age, focus type, focus size, focus depth, puncture site, and puncture times are all the factors of complications.

Objective: To investigate the compliance of inhalation during stable phase of pneumoconiosis complicated with COPD and to explore the factors influencing compliance. Methods: The patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with COPD who were hospitalized in the four Department of occupational disease prevention and treatment in Hunan province from December 2016 to August 2017 were selected as the research subjects. The examination of Chest radiograph, HRCT and lung function was perfected, and CAT score and MRC score were carried out. The age, culture, smoking history, acute aggravation of 1 years, medical insurance and so on were collected, and follow-up was conducted after 6 months. Results: Of the 115 patients who had successfully followed up, 14 cases (12.17%) were persisted in medication, and 101 cases (87.83%) did not adhere to the medication. The smoking index median of the non adherence group was 30 (15, 40) , while that of the adherence group was 16 (6, 31) . The smoking index of the adherence group was lower than that of the non adherence group. The FEV1% in the unadhered group was 44.69+15.48, and the drug group was 37.12+16.98, the FEV₁/FVC in the unadhered group was 52.43+9.19, and the drug group was 44.43+11.88, and the lung function of the drug group was worse than that of the unadhered group. The adherence rate of group COPD (group D) was higher than that of group A, B and C, and the difference between D group and B group was statistically significant. The adherence rate of pneumoconiosis stage Ⅲ was higher than that of pneumoconiosis stageⅡand pneumoconiosisⅠ. Conclusion The compliance of long acting bronchodilator inhalation is low in stable phase of pneumoconiosis complicated with COPD. The poorer the lung function, the higher the compliance of inhalation. The compliance of pneumoconiosis patients with Medical insurance for industrial injury is higher than that of pneumoconiosis patients with New rural cooperative medical service.