Objective To investigate the method of esophageal protection and nursing of pa-tients during peri-ablation of atrial fibrillation. Methods 31 patients hospitalized from June to July,2007 underwent radiofrequeney ablation under the mapping of Carto system, who were treated with liq-uid diet, anti-acid drugs and lowering energy ablation in posterior wall of left atrium for the aim of esophageal protection. Results The success rate of ablation was 100% with no occurrence of atrial-esophgeal fistula and uneomfort of digestive tract. Conclusions Careful esophageal protection and nursing plays an important role in prevention of atrial-esophgeal fistula.

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of cytokine gene polymorphism on the incidence of acute rejection in renal transplantation.

METHODSThe cytokine genotypes of TNF-alpha, TGF-beta(1), IL-10 and IL-6 in 24 normal people and 115 consecutive renal transplant recipients were determined by PCR-SSP using sequence-specific oligonucleotide primer. The cytokine genotypes were then correlated with the incidence of acute rejection in renal transplantation.

RESULTSThe frequency of TNF-alpha and IL-10 low producer genotype in the 115 kidney recipients and control group was 88.7%, 80% and 87.5%, 75% respectively, and the frequency of TGF-beta(1) and IL-6 high producer genotype was 79.1%, 100% and 66.7%, 100% respectively. The incidence of acute rejection was higher in the recipients with TNF-(high producer or IL-10 intermediate high producer genotype than in the recipients with low producer genotype [53.8%, 43.5% vs 18.6% (chi(2) = 8.17), 17.4% (chi(2) = 7.16), P < 0.01, respectively].

CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that TNF-alpha and IL-10 gene polymorphism has significant influence on the incidence of acute rejection in renal transplantation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cytokines ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Frequency ; Graft Rejection ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; genetics ; Kidney Transplantation ; physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic disease that can lead to the damage of multiple tissues and organs throughout the body.Stimulator of interferon genes(STING)is an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein that acts as an indirect cytoplasmic DNA sensor.The activation of the STING signaling pathway may be involved in T2DM and its microvascular complications through various mechanisms.This article reviews the research progress in the mechanism of STING in T2DM and its microvascular complications.