Objective: To investigate the sensitization of physiological (10~(-9)mol/L) and pharmacological (10~(-5)mol/L) concentrations of melatonin on cell line MCF-7 for adriamycin and its mechanism. Methods: (1) MTT was applied to test the changes in inhibition ratio and IC_(50) of call line MCF-7 for adriamycin before and af-ter incubation with melatonin. (2) Flow cytometry was used to observe the effect of different concentrations of melatonin, adriamycin and melatonin plus adriamycin on cell apoptosis. (3) Western blot was employed to de-termine the expression of p53 and bcl-2 in MCF-7 cells incubated with melatonin, adriamycin and melatonin plus adriamycin. Results: (1) MTT method showed that adriamycin had inhibitive effect on the growth of MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The IC_(50) of cell line MCF-7 for adnamycin before treat-ment with melatonin was 0.62±0.07ug/mL (P>0.05). The IC50 of cell line MCF-7 for adriamycin incubated with physiological and pharmacological concentrations of melatonin was 0.59±0.09ug/mL and 0.42±0.02ug/mL, re-spectively, with a significant difference (P<0.01). (2) Flow cytometry method showed that adriamycin could promote apoptosis of MCF-7, and no changes in the apoptosis index were observed as the concentration of melatonin was changed (P>0.05). With the same concentration of adriamycin, the apoptosis index of cells treated with physiological concentration of melatonin plus adriamycin was not changed (P=>0.05), but the apop-tosis index of cells treated with pharmacological concentrations of melatonin plus addamycin was increased significantly. The concentration of adriamycin had no effect on the apoptosis index. (3) Western blot showed that P53 protein was expressed at a lower level and bcl-2 protein was highly expressed. Physiological concen-trations of melatonin increased the expression of p53 and decreased bcl-2 expression in a dose - dependent manner. The concentration of addamycin had no effect on the expression of p53 and bcl-2 proteins. Conclu-sion: (1) Physiological concentrations of melatonin had no effect on the anti-cancer effect of adriamycin. Phar-macological concentrations of melatonin showed sensitization of MCF-7 cells for adriamycin. (2) With a lower concentration of adriamycin, the promotion of apoptosis may be part of the mechanism of sensitization effect of melatonin. With the increase of adriamycin concentration, the cytotoxic mechanism of melotonin became more and more important. (3) Physiological concentration could increase the expression of p53 and decrease bcl-2 expression in ER~+ breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 in a dose -dependent manner. The apoptosis involv-ing p53 and bcl-2 passway was part of the mechanism of sensitization effect of melatonin for addamycin.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic disease that can lead to the damage of multiple tissues and organs throughout the body.Stimulator of interferon genes(STING)is an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein that acts as an indirect cytoplasmic DNA sensor.The activation of the STING signaling pathway may be involved in T2DM and its microvascular complications through various mechanisms.This article reviews the research progress in the mechanism of STING in T2DM and its microvascular complications.

Objective:To rapidly evaluate the level of healthcare resource demand for laboratory testing and prevention and control of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in different epidemic situation, and prepare for the capacity planning, stockpile distribution, and funding raising for infectious disease epidemic response.Methods:An susceptible, exposed, infectious, removed infectious disease dynamics model with confirmed asymptomatic infection cases and symptomatic hospitalized patients was introduced to simulate different COVID-19 epidemic situation and predict the numbers of hospitalized or isolated patients, and based on the current COVID-19 prevention and control measures in China, the demands of resources for laboratory testing and prevention and control of COVID-19 were evaluated.Results:When community or local transmission or outbreaks occur and total population nucleic acid testing is implemented, the need for human resources is 3.3-89.1 times higher than the reserved, and the current resources of medical personal protective equipment and instruments can meet the need. The surge in asymptomatic infections can also increase the human resource demand for laboratory testing and pose challenge to the prevention and control of the disease. When vaccine protection coverage reach ≥50%, appropriate adjustment of the prevention and control measures can reduce the need for laboratory and human resources.Conclusions:There is a great need in our country to reserve the human resources for laboratory testing and disease prevention and control for the response of the possible epidemic of COVID-19. Challenges to human resources resulted from total population nucleic acid testing and its necessity need to be considered. Conducting non-pharmaceutical interventions and encouraging more people to be vaccinated can mitigate the shock on healthcare resource demand in COVID-19 prevention and control.

Background::Understanding willingness to undergo pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and the factors associated with poor uptake of PFTs is crucial for improving early detection and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to understand willingness to undergo PFTs among high-risk populations and identify any barriers that may contribute to low uptake of PFTs.Methods::We collected data from participants in the "Happy Breathing Program" in China. Participants who did not follow physicians’ recommendations to undergo PFTs were invited to complete a survey regarding their willingness to undergo PFTs and their reasons for not undergoing PFTs. We estimated the proportion of participants who were willing to undergo PFTs and examined the various reasons for participants to not undergo PFTs. We conducted univariable and multivariable logistic regressions to analyze the impact of individual-level factors on willingness to undergo PFTs.Results::A total of 8475 participants who had completed the survey on willingness to undergo PFTs were included in this study. Out of these participants, 7660 (90.4%) were willing to undergo PFTs. Among those who were willing to undergo PFTs but actually did not, the main reasons for not doing so were geographical inaccessibility ( n = 3304, 43.1%) and a lack of trust in primary healthcare institutions ( n = 2809, 36.7%). Among the 815 participants who were unwilling to undergo PFTs, over half ( n = 447, 54.8%) believed that they did not have health problems and would only consider PFTs when they felt unwell. In the multivariable regression, individuals who were ≤54 years old, residing in rural townships, with a secondary educational level, with medical reimbursement, still working, with occupational exposure to dust, and aware of the abbreviation "COPD" were more willing to undergo PFTs. Conclusions::Willingness to undergo PFTs was high among high-risk populations. Policymakers may consider implementing strategies such as providing financial incentives, promoting education, and establishing community-based programs to enhance the utilization of PFTs.