Colorectal cancer (CRC)is one of the three major malignant tumors in the world with high morbidity and mortality. It is found that NPRL2 gene is closely related to the occurrence and development of CRC,and the expression of NPRL2 gene in CRC patients is significantly reduced. Oxaliplatin is the third generation of platinum anticancer drugs,and has been widely used in the chemotherapy of gastrointestinal tumors. Oxaliplatin can improve the survival rate of CRC patients,but some patients have drug resistance. NPRL2 gene can increase the sensitivity of oxaliplatin in the treatment of CRC,and is a potential target for treatment of CRC. This article reviewed the advances in study on NPRL2 gene and oxaliplatin in the treatment of CRC.

OBJECTIVETo quantitatively measure the masticatory movement and to investigate the change of stomatognathic function in patients with cleft lip and palate.

METHODSFifteen patients with complete cleft lip and palate were selected.Electromyography of bilateral anterior temporalis and masseter was measured and mandibular movement was examined during masticatory movement before and after maxillary protraction.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the activity of masticatory muscles in the functional side was increased significantly.In the unilateral mastication side (left) and the right side, the activities of anterior temporalis increased from 45.57 (26.75, 67.84) mV to 80.24 (72.31, 91.36) mV and from 45.25 (37.34, 57.42) mV to 73.56 (59.63, 94.80) mV, respectively.In the unilateral mastication side (left)and the right side, the activities of masseter increased from 62.37 (45.76, 72.45) mV to 90.35 (78.94, 110.45) mV and from 67.53 (59.65, 80.53) mV to 87.97 (72.35, 99.79) mV, respectively.No significant increment in the balance side was found during masticatory movement. The masticatory trajectory was not changed significantly. The width of lateral and vertical scale of right side mastication increased significantly (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAfter the treatment, the activity of masticatory muscles increased significantly, and the width of lateral and vertical scale of right side mastication increased significantly.

Cleft Lip ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Cleft Palate ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Masseter Muscle ; Mastication ; Masticatory Muscles ; Maxilla ; Movement ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; Temporal Muscle

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Danshen injection （DAN） on platelet （PLT）-induced metastasis of breast cancer cells in vitro. MethodThe 3-（4，5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2，5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay was used to observe the effect of DAN on the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro. Oris™ migration assay was used to determine the effect of DAN （final mass concentrations 4， 8， 16 g·L^-1） on PLT （1.5×10¹⁰ cells/L）-induced migration of breast cancer cells in vitro. The effect of DAN on PLT-induced cell invasion was detected by Transwell assay. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the effect of DAN on the protein expression associated with PLT-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT）. In addition， enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the effect of DAN （final mass concentrations 4， 8， 16， 32， 64 g·L^-1） on the secretion of transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）. Western blot was used to observe the effect of DAN on the expression of podoplanin （PDPN） protein in MDA-MB-231 cells induced by PLT. ResultCompared with the blank group， the DAN groups （32 and 64 g·L^-1） showed decreased A₅₇₀ （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and there was no significant difference in A₅₇₀ between DAN groups （4， 8， 16 g·L^-1）. Compared with the blank group， the PLT group showed increased cell migration and invasion， while DAN groups significantly inhibited PLT-induced cell migration and invasion. Compared with the blank group， the PLT group showed decreased expression of E-cadherin， while DAN could significantly reverse this effect of PLT. Compared with the blank group， the PLT group showed increased Slug and Snail protein expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while DAN significantly reversed Snail protein expression induced by PLT （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The content of TGF-β₁ in the PLT group increased （P<0.01）， while the secretion of TGF-β₁ induced by PLT decreased in the DAN groups （16， 32， and 64 g·L^-1） （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the secretion of TGF-β₁ was not significantly affected in other DAN groups. PDPN protein expression in the PLT group increased （P<0.01）， while DAN could significantly inhibit PLT-induced PDPN expression （P<0.01）. ConclusionDAN can inhibit PLT-induced migration， invasion， and EMT of breast cancer cells. The mechanism may be related to the direct action between breast cancer cells and tumor cells by down-regulating PDPN expression and interfering with PLT and has nothing to do with the effect of TGF-β₁ secretion of PLT.