Objective:To derive a formula of higher veracity in estimating the weight of fetal macrosomia by ultrasonic measurement.Methods:The relationship between ultrasonic measurement of fetal abdominal circumference(AC),biparietal diameter(BPD),femur length(FL),humeral soft tissue thinkness(HSTT) and the weight of the neonate respectively in 361 cases,and formula of multiple regression was established.Then a clinical validation was carried out in 75 cases by this new formula.A comparison with other two formulas estimating fetal macrosomia was also made.Results:In comparison with the monoparameter formula and another multiparameter formula,the checking-out rate of fetal macrosomia by this new formula is higher,about 64 percent ( P

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of measurement of amniotic fluid index (AFI) by B-mode sonography in oligohydramnios.Methods:AFI was detected in 120 patients with oligohydramnios and compared with true quantity of amniotic fluid during cesarean section.Results:The accurate diagnostic rate of oligohydramnios was 86.7% by ultrasonography,which decreased with the increase in AFI.The diagnostic rate in pregnancy group of high risk or prolonged pregnancy was higher than that in normal group.Conclusion:B-mode sonography is important in hign risk factors and prolonged pregnancies.

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) has been found as a ubiquitous environmental pollutant with reproductive and developmental toxicity. The characteristics of reproductive and developmental toxicity of DBP, the mechanisms of the toxicity and effects on human health were reviewed in this paper according to the toxic effects on pregnant animals exposed to DBP, which might provide reference for the further study on toxicity of DBP and preventive measures.

Alkylphenols(APs) , the second most widely used commercial non-ionic surfactants in the world, are the main degradated productions of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs). The structure, biodegradation, transportation and distribution in environment, environmental monitoring and management are reviewed in this paper. Many meaurement methods of APs show that APs possess estrogenoid effects, that mainly disturb endocrinal and reproductive system, especially, estrogen-dependent organs. APs are associated with decreased fertility, reproductive disfunction, inferbility and cancer formation. APs are able to bind estrogen receptors, to imitate or antagonize estrogen effects, to disturb formation and metabolism of endogenous hormones and receptors. APs are also able to change the structure, quantity and function of cells and to disturb the kinetics of cellcycle at cytological and molecular levels. The more work on epidemiological study and mechanism of APs are needed. Management program for controlling environmental pollution caused by APs is being speedily investigated and put into practice progressively. It is necessary to restrict the use of APEs.

Objective To explore the effects of octylphenol, an environmental contaminant with estrogenic activity, on the expression of apoptosis regulator gene bcl-2 mRNA in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and to compare its effects with 17?-estradiol (E 2). Methods MCF-7 cells were cultured in vitro and exposed to various concentrations of octylphenol and E 2 from 12 h to 120 h respectively. Total RNA was abstracted and the expression of bcl-2 mRNA was measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approach. Results The expression of bcl-2 mRNA in MCF-7 cells increased significantly after exposure to octylphenol and E 2 24 h and the effects continued to 120 h. The stimulation effect on the expression of bcl-2 mRNA was induced by octylphenol with a wide range of concentrations, and the strongest effect was found at the concentration of 10-6 mol/L of octylphenol. Conclusion The results suggested that octylphenol had similar estrogenic activities as E 2 on regulating the expression of bcl-2 mRNA in MCF-7 cells, but the effect was weaker than that of E 2.

The effects of barium chloride(BaCl2)on several items of the immune functions of mice were observed.After the mice had drunk water containing 10 mg/L and 100 mg/L of BaCl2 for one month,evident histological changes of their liver were observed but no remarkable changes were found in the spleen,the lymph nodes,the thymus,the bone marrow and the peripheral leucocytes.In the 100 mg/L group,the transformation rate of the ConA-stimulated lymphocytes of the spleen was significantly lower than that of the control(P

Objective To study the effect of purified water on the neurobehavioral development of the offspring and the synergistic effect of the magnesium deficiency in food. Methods SD rats were divided into four groups,control food plus control water (control group),control food plus purified water,magnesium deficiency food plus control water,magnesium deficiency plus purified water,from five weeks of age of the F0 generation to five weeks of the F1 generation respectively. Morris water maze (MWM) was used to test the spatial learning and memory ability of offspring of rats. Results In the early training days of the place navigation,control group offspring of rats showed a shorter swimming time than the other groups. There were no significant differences among all experimental groups in the later training days of the place navigation,spatial probe test and visible platform trial,however the tendency was still to remain. Conclusion Purified water can damage the learning ability of offspring of rats and the learning ability delay will be more obviously when magnesium is deficient in food.

With the aggravation of enviromental pollution, a quickly, sensitive, inexpensive monitoring means should be developed to protect water resources. Luminescent bacteria as biosensor have the advantages mentioned above. During past two decades, luminescent bacteria toxicity test was used widely in comprehensive toxicity evaluation, screening, monitoring and specific pollutants detection in water, the recent progress in this field was reviewed in this paper.

Objective To understand whether long term consumption of purified water can cause lead accumulation and enhance lead toxicity in the rats with chronic lead exposure. Methods 104 male SD weaned rats were randomly divided into eight groups,tap water,purified water,tap water plus lead (lead acetate,Pb2+: 50 mg/L ),purified water plus lead (Pb2+: 50 mg /L),tap water plus lead (Pb2+: 200 mg/L ),purified water plus lead (Pb2+: 200 mg/L),tap water plus lead (Pb2+: 800 mg/L),purified water plus lead (Pb2+: 800 mg/L). All were fed with normal food and kept in the same environmental conditions. The blood samples were collected after 4,6,8,10,24 and 28 weeks of lead exposure. The brain,heart,liver,kidney,bone were sampled at the experimental endpoint and the lead concentration was determined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method,zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) level was measured by using surface fluorescence method. Results At the same lead exposure level,no difference of blood lead level was observed between the groups of drinking purified water and tap water,however,the lead level in the organs tissue,including brain,heart,liver,kidney,bone,was significantly higher in the group drinking purified water compared with drinking tap water. The blood ZPP level in rats drinking purified water was also higher than the rats drinking tap water,the significant difference were occurred at low lead level exposure (P

Objective To understand the body burden of PAES in the children aged 10-12 years,living in city and countryside and estimate the potential hazard of PAEs for the children. Methods The reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was employed to determine the serum level of three kinds PAEs (DEP,DBP and DEHP) in two groups of children,including 36 city children and 38 countryside children in Jan. 2007. Results In the city children,the average serum level (median) of PAEs was 0.002 6 mg/L for DEP,0.035 9 mg/L for DBP and 0.106 25 mg/L for DEHP. In the countryside children,the serum level of PAEs was 0.000 0 mg/L for DEP,0.040 6 mg/L for DBP and 0.052 45 mg/L for DEHP. The differences of average levels of DEP and DEHP between the two groups were significant (P