Cytokeratin 1 4 (CK1 4)has a different degree of expression in NSCLC,breast cancer,cer-vical cancer,esophageal cancer and other tumors,except in the normal basal cells.CK1 4 is mainly expressed in the peripheral part of the tumor,which is rarely expressed in the non-aggressive part.Usually the higher malignant of the tumor has the more expression of CK1 4.Given all that,CK1 4 gene plays an important role in the tumor progression and metastasis in a variety of tumors,which can be considered as an biomarker being used in the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis evaluation.

Dopamine is one of the bioactive amines which regulate many physiological functions. In order to study its localization and quantification in tissues with immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay, authors immunised New Zealand rabbits with dopamine-BSA (bovine serum albumin) complex and succeeded in the production of the specific antiserum. The antiserum was tested on routine paraffin sections of Bouin's fixed guinea-pig digestive tract with the ABC technique. The titre of the antiserum was 1:1000-1:2000. Results of substitution, absorption and cross-absorption tests proved that the positive staining obtained with the antiserum demonstrated the specific immunoreaction between the antibody to dopamine and the antigen in the tissues.

Because articular chondrocytes have a long-term exposure to different degrees of hypoxic environment , hypoxia induc-ible factor is considered to be one of the most important regulation factors to adapt to low oxygen levels .It plays a significant role in the metabolism, repair, and degeneration of cartilage chondrocyts .This article reviews the comprehensive effects of hypoxia inducible fac-tor in cartilage chondrocyts .

BACKGROUND: Most of evidence-based studies include both adult degenerative scoliosis and adult idiopathic scoliosis, which lead to indirectness in the results, and suppress the promotion of the evidence.OBJECTIVE: To systematically analyze the current clinical researches, and to review the curative efficacy of lateral lumbar interbody fusion for adult degenerative scoliosis.METHODS: A computer-based research of Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, WanFang and CNKI databases from December 2015 to December 2016, was performed with the key words of lateral lumbar interbody fusion, direct lumbar interbody fusion, extreme lateral interbody fusion, minimal invasive surgery, adult scoliosis. The articles were screened based on the inclusion criteria, and the clinical symptom improvement and radiological changes were analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 13 articles were included. In the treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis, lateral lumbar interbody fusion shows less blood loss, short hospitalization time, significantly improved symptoms, satisfactory correction at the coronal plane, and low incidence of long-term complications. However, it has the poor correction at the sagittal plane and high incidence of short-term postoperative complications. Therefore, intraoperative neurologic monitoring is necessary and the combination with internal fixation has obtained good effectiveness.

Localization and quantitation of GnRH, somatostatin (SS), and ?-endorphin (?-EP) in human placentalvilla were studied using immunogold-silver staining method. GnRH and SS immunoreactive positive substance existed in the cytotrophoblasts of many placental villi and in syncytiotrophoblasts of few placental villi, ?-EP immunoreactive positive substance localized in syncytiotrophoblasts of many placental villi and in cytotrophoblasts of few placental villi. These results suggest that the cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts are able to synthesize these three kinds of regulatory peptides, however, SS and GnRH may be synthesized mainly in the cytotrophoblasts, ?-EP mainly be synthesized in the syncytiotrophoblasts. The amount of GnRH and ?-EP in placenta villi show obvious change with progress of pregnancy. This change show a negative relationship between the GnRH and ?-EP, which suggested that there may be a functional reciprocal inhibition between the GnRH and ?-EP.

The distribution of dopamine-immunoreactive endocrine cells and nerves in the digestive tract of guinea-pigs was examined with the ABC immunostaining technique. Dopamine-immunoreactive endocrine cells were observed in the pyloric antrum, small intestine and colon. The highest density of the positive ceils was found in the duodenum. From the jejunum to the colon the number of immunoreactive cells gradually decreased. A similar population of the positive cells was seen in the antrum and colon. Dopamine-immunoreactive nerve fibres were mainly located in the lamina propria and submucosa of the digestive tract. There were more positive fibres in the small intestine than in the stomach and colon. The dense networks of immunoreactive fibres were demonstrated in the villi. Some positive nerve fibres penetrated into the superficial and glandular epithelia. This representation indicated that the epithelial cells were directly innervated with the dopamine containing nerves.

Objective To investigate clinical and pathological features of chronic hepatitis B ( CHB) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods The clinical and pathological data of 70cases of CHB and 68 cases of CHB with NAFLD and 42cases of NAFLD were analyzed and compared .Results In this patients with CHB overlapped NAFLD , plasma ALT,AST,GGT con-centrations were higher than that in CHB and NAFLD groups ( P <0.05 , P <0.01 ) , compared with CHB group ,the levels of serum TC,TG,FBS,INS and IRI on patients with CHB overlapped NAFLD were increased ( P <0.05, P <0.01), Compared to patients B groups, serum hepatitis B virus DNA titer in patients with steatosis was significantly lower ( P <0.05) and reduced sharply with the increasea degree of hepatic steatosis ( P <0.05 ) .hepatic inflammation grade and fibrosis stage between CHB patients with and with-out steatosis ( P >0.05 ) .Conclusions The reverse association of hepatitis B virus titer with the degree of hepatic steatosis needs further investigation .Hepatic steatosis is associated with metabolic factors than virus factors .The existence of hepatic fatty degeneration dose not exacerbate liver inflammation or fibrosis .

Objective To compare the pre-existing mutations in reverse transcription region of HBV in patients with different HBV infection stages.Methods Totally 474 patients with chronic HBV infections,including 205 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB),153 with liver cirrhosis and 116 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),were enrolled from the People' s Hospital of Shangyu and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University during January 2011 and June 2013.All patients had not received nucleos (t)ide analogues treatment.HBV RT region mutations and genotypes were determined by PCR followed by sequencing.SPSS14.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results There were 387 (81.6％) patients with HBV genotype B,in which 156 were with CHB,124 were with liver cirrhosis,and 107 were with HCC.Nucleos(t)ide analogues-related mutations were observed in all the above 387 patients.rtS106C mutation was more popular in CHB and liver cirrhosis (14.1％ and 14.5％) patients than that in patients with HCC (4.7％) (x2 =6.126,6.207,P ＜0.05); And the positive rates of rtD134E/G/N/S mutations were also higher in CHB and cirrhotic patients (21.8％ and 20.2％) than that in HCC patients (10.3％,x2 =5.933,4.263,P ＜ 0.05).rtD134E/G/N/S and rtS106C mutations were correlated with HBeAg (P ＜0.01) and gender (P ＜ 0.05),but not with HBV virus load and age (P ＞ 0.05).The mutation frequencies in A-B interdomain were higher in CHB and cirrhotic patients (5.3％ and 5.6％) than that in HCC patients (3.5％,x2 =9.018,11.018,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Nucleos (t) ide analogues-related mutations exist in various HBV infection stages.rtSl06C and rtD134E/G/N/S mutations may be involved in necro-inflammation,and A-B interdomain mutations may be correlated with necro-inflammation,immune response and fibrosis in chronic liver diseases.

Objective To investigate the mutations of basal core promoter (BCP) and precore (PreC) region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the association with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic HBV infection.Methods Totally 381 untreated HBV patients were recruited from the Department of Infectious Diseases,People's Hospital of Shangyu from Jan 2003 to Dec 2010,which included patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB,n =166),cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma (cirrhotic-HCC,n =158) and noncirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma (noncirrhotic-HCC,n=57).The mutations in HBV BCP and PreC and the genotypes of HBV were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing.Data were analyzed by chi square test and Logistic regression.Results The HBV genotype of most cases was genotype B (CHB,n =124;cirrhotic-HCC,n=126 ; noncirrhotic-HCC,n=50).In univariant analysis,BCP V1753 (x2 =7.927,P=0.005),BCP T1762/A1764 (x2 =12.796,P＜0.01),PreC A1896 (x2 =6.890,P=0.009) and PreC A1899 (x2=11.850,P =0.001) mutations were more frequently detected in cirrhotic-HCC patients than those in CHB patients.PreC A1896 (x2 =27.310,P＜0.01) and A1899 (x2=7.575,P=0.006) mutations were highly detected in noncirrhotic-HCC patients than those in CHB patients.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that in HBeAg positive patients,BCP T1762/A1764 (wald=6.180,P=0.016,OR=8.883) and PreC A1899 (wald=10.279,P=0.001,OR=7.475) mutations were independently associated with the development of cirrhotic-HCC; PreC A1896 (wald=4.324,P=0.038,OR=4.439) and PreC A1899 (wald=4.850,P=0.028,OR=6.010)mutations were independently associated with the development of noncirrhotic-HCC.While in HBeAg negative patients,PreC A1896 mutation (wald=15.448,P＜0.01,OR=12.128) was independently associated with the development of noncirrhotic-HCC.Conclusions BCP T1762/A1764 mutations are associated with the development of cirrhotic-HCC in HBeAg positive patients.PreC A1896 mutation is associated with the development of noncirrhotic-HCC in HBeAg positive and HBeAg negative patients.PreC A1899 mutation is associated with the development of cirrhotic-HCC and noncirrhotic-HCC in HBeAg positive patients.

Objective\ To study whether gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR)mRNA exist in rat submaxillary gland and it's gene sequence. Methods\ The total RNA isolated from rat submaxillary gland was amplified by RT\|PCR, the PCR products were identified by sequencing with Sanger's method. Results\ The specific amplified band of GnRHR mRNA was detected through agarose gel electrophoresis and gene sequence is identical to the sequence of GnRHR which has been reported in rat pituitary. Conclusion\ GnRHR can be produced by submaxillary and response for modulating biological function of submaxillary.\;