In 2010,Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention conducted collaboratively a 2010 China Noncommunicable Disease Surveillance,and reported the results of diabetes prevalence and control in Chinese adults,which was published in the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) in 2013.This article is the interpretation of that report by original authors.

Objective To study wether dezocine (DZ) can attenuate neuropathic pain in rats and to investigate its mechanism.Methods Neuropathic pain was induced by tight ligation of the left L5 spinal nerve of the male SD rats. 24 Spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model rats were randomly divided into three groups:the first group (saline group, n=8), rats were given intraperitoneal injection of 1ml of saline 14 days after SNL surgery; the second group (dezocine group, n=8), rats were given intraperitoneal injection of 5mg/kg of dezocine in 1ml saline 14 days after SNL surgery;the third group (morphine group,n=8),rats were given intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg of morphine 14 days after SNL surgery. Results Intraperitoneal injection dezocine and morphine had significant analgesic effect in neuropathic pain rats. This analgesic effect lasted for 4-6 hours.Continuous injection of morphine for 3 days produced significant tolerance, while continuous injection of dezocine for 7 days still had significant analgesic effect on neuropathic pain. Conclusion Intraperitoneal injection of dezocine and morphine can attenuate SNL neuropathic pain, continuous injection of morphine for 3 days can produce significant tolerance, while continuous injection of dezocine for 7 days still has significant analgesic effect on neuropathic pain.

Objective To monitor the resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae following the 2004 in Qingdao area, and to provide a reasonable basis for clinical application of antimicrobial agents. Methods Collecting respiratory tract, blood, cerebrospinal fluid and other specimens from out-patient and in-patients of some hospital in Qingdao from January 2005 to December 2008. According to the recommendation of NCCLS, antibiotic resistance analysis of 11 kinds of antibiotic to the isolated 231 Streptococcus pneumoniae by micro-agar dilution method, and analysis resistance trends and age differences. Results The results showed that the rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae not sensitive to penicillin is 23. 38% (PRSP: 9.52% , PISP: 13. 85% ) , resistant to cefotaxime is 9. 96% (23/231), resistant to amoxicillin is 12. 55% , resistant to erythromycin is 90. 48% (209/231). PRSP rate of patients younger than 14 years of age 27. 91% (12/43), significantly higher than that of the PRSP rate of adults 5. 38% (10/186). Conclusion The rate of resistant to penicillin Streptococcus pneumoniae increased significantly from 2004, and an increasing trend year by year, the resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae is also a rising trend year by year. For patients infected low penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in this region, cefotaxime, amoxicillin are preferred drugs.

OBJECTIVE:To promote the clinical application and improve the curative effect of serum concentration.METHODS:In a retrospective review,the serum drug concentrations of 487 outpatients and inpatients of our hospital treated with 3 kinds of anti-epileptics included valproic acid,phenytoin and carbamazepine were analyzed.RESULTS:Among 487 samples,there were 248 cases(50.92%) whose serum concentration were in normal range,177 cases (36.34%) in low range and 51 cases(10.47%) in high range.Also,there were 11 cases(2.26%) whose serum concentration could not be monitored.The percentage of patients treated with valproic acid,carbamazepine and phenytoin whose serum concentrations in normal range were 48.18%,74.29% and 10.87%.CONCLUSION:The serum concentration monitoring of Anti-epileptic is the important measure which provide the basis for adopting individualized administration and ensures the clinical effect and safety in the medical care.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of remote lifestyle intervention on the management of weight and related indicators in the overweight and obese population.Methods:A total of 400 individuals with overweight or obesity who participated in remote lifestyle intervention in the Health Management Department of Shenzhen People′s Hospital from May 2015 to December 2018 were included as the remote intervention group, and 400 individuals with overweight and obesity who matched their age and gender were selected as the control group. Dietician established individual WeChat groups with the remote intervention group, and the WeChat platform was used to conduct remote lifestyle intervention for them, including setting weight control goals, giving timely feedback to the food log based on photos, providing exercise guidance and psychological support. The control group received personalized diet and exercise prescriptions, but did not receive remote intervention. After adjusting the data by propensity score matching method, univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the management effect of weight and related indicators in the two groups after one year.Results:After one year of intervention, effective data were obtained from a total of 755 cases (371 cases in the remote intervention group and 384 cases in the control group), and effective data were retained from 446 cases (223 cases in the remote intervention group and 223 cases in the control group) after bias matching. The body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and serum uric acid of the remote intervention group [(24.85±2.52) kg/m 2, (110.21±10.53) mmHg, (4.96±0.65) mmol/L, (1.25±0.82) mmol/L, (4.87±1.11) mmol/L, (2.88±0.74) mmol/L, and (306.01±95.66) mmol/L respectively] were significantly lower than that of the control group [(27.76±2.28) kg/m 2, (121.14±14.07) mmHg, (5.10±0.87) mmol/L, (1.54±0.83) mmol/L, (5.28±0.96) mmol/L, (3.13±0.80) mmol/L, (355.16±92.68) mmol/L respectively] (all P<0.05). After intervention, intervention was consistently being influencing factors when BMI was reduced by 4%―12%, ( P<0.05). The probability of a 12% reduction in BMI in the remote intervention group was 112.486 times higher than that in the control group (95% CI: 16.852-890.266). At the same time, the initial BMI was an influential factor for the restoration of normal BMI. For every 1 kg/m 2 decrease in the initial BMI, the probability of restoration of normal BMI was 4.76 times higher than that before the decrease (95% CI: 3.222-5.057). Conclusions:Remote lifestyle intervention has a certain effect on the management of weight and related indicators in the overweight and obese populations. It has significant effect on weight loss of overweight and mildly obese people, but has limited effect on moderate and severe obese people.

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is characterized hy the secretion of calcitonin that is derived from parafollicular cells.20％-25％ of MTC are hereditary.Compared with other types of thyroid cancer,MTC is prone to recurrence,metastasis,and younger onset age.RET gene germline mutation accounts for the hereditary MTC,and somatic mutation is responsible for part of sporadic cases.A good correlation between phenotype and genotype is reported.We present in this article a case of medullary thyroid cancer patient with genetic diagnosis and treatment as well as postoperative follow-up together with RET gene screening results in her family members in order to call attention to the diagnosis and treatment of MTC.

ischemia reperfusion model .DADLE might have a protective effect on lung tissues of ALI in rats .

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with negative pressure system in one-stage treatment of calculus pyonephrosis.Methods Eighty-three cases of calculus pyonephrosis,including 15 upper ureteral calculus cases,9 renal pelvis calculus cases,28 multiple calculus cases and 31 staghorn calculus cases,were retrospectively analysed.The diameter of the stone was from 1.2 to 6.3 cm.All the patients were punctured under X-ray or ultrasound guidance and established an access of 20 F.A 12 F nephroscope,combined with negative pressure system,was inserted to the collecting system to suck off the liquor pus.The stone was fragmented by pneumatic lithotripsy or holmium laser lithotripsy at one-stage.Negative pressure system was used to reduce the intrapelvic pressure during the operation.Results All the patients were treated successfully.The average operative time was 34 ± 19 min.The upper ureteral calculus and renal pelvis calculus cases were all stonefree at one-stage treatment.Of the other 59 cases,33 cases were stone-free and 26 cases need a secondlook.The total stone free rate was 68.7％(57/83)at one-stage and 91.6％(76/83)at second-look.Only 7 patients had fever after operation and no patient had sepsis or shock.Conclusion Combined with negative pressure system,minimally invasive percutaueous nephrolithotomy via a 20 F tract is safe and effective for one-stage treatment of calculus pyonephrosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of internal carotid steal syndrome. Methods The clinical manifestations, CT or MRI, digital subtraction angiography, and blood flow compensation in 6 patients with internal carotid steal syndrome were analyzed. Results Of the 6 patients, 2 had unilateral internal carotid artery stenosis, 4 had severe stenosis (in which 2 were on the left side, 1 was on the right side, and 1 was on both sides). The clinical manifestations of the patients with internal carotid steal syndrome were watershed infarction and transient ischemic attack. Four patients had posterior circulation ischemia and 2 had anterior circulation ischemia. Digital subtraction angiography demonstrated that collateral circulation was established in all the 6 patients. The anterior communicating artery, posterior communicating artery, and pial artery were the common compensatory vessels. Conclusions Internal carotid artery steal syndrome can be presented as anterior or posterior circulation ischemia, and the collateral circulation plays an important role in the compensation.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of video bronchoscope-guide transbronchial needle aspiration(TBNA) combined with transbronchial lung biopsy(TBLB) on pulmonary sarcoidosis.Methods Twenty-two patients,definitely diagnosed as stage Ⅰ pulmonary sarcoidosis,were enrolled into the study and accepted TBNA and TBLB.Results The positive diagnostic rates of TBNA and TBLB were 63.6%(14/22) and 40.9%(9/22),but the rate increased to 90.9%(20/22) when the two methods were used together,which showed significant differences(x2=12.24,4.66,P＜0.01 or ＜0.05).Conclusion TBNA combined TBLB test is a safety method with high diagnostic accuracy for pulmonary sarcoidosis.