Objective:To express MSP1-31 gene of Plasmodium falciparum in Salmonella typhi CVD908 vaccine strain using a tetracycline-controlled P LtetO promoter. Methods:The MSP1-31 gene was cloned into the plasmid of pZE11 and transformed into the CVD908/tetR strain by electroporation. Expression of MSP1-31 in CVD908/tetR strain was detected using the method of Western blot. Results: The recombinant plasmid of pZE11/MSP1-31 was constructed, there was effective expression of MSP1-31 protein in CVD908/tetR strain in presence of tetracycline, and no expression of gene in absence of tetracycline. Conclusion: The recombinant Salmonella typhi strain in which the expression of Plasmodium falciparum MSP1-31 fragment induced by tetracycline is established successfully.

Objective To determine the free thiols in the chimeric protein PfCP-2. 9 of Plasmodium falciparum expressed by Pichia pastoris. Methods Two experiments of reverse phase HPLC and Ellman' s reaction were applied to the PfCP-2.9 for the determination of its free thiols. For RP-HPLC analysis, three kinds of samples were tested: PfCP-2. 9, dithiothreitol-reduced PfCP-2.9 and indoacetic acid-alkylated PfCP-2.9. Results Both experiments showed that there were no any free thiols present in the PfCP-2. 9. Conclution The disulfide bonds between cysteine residues of PfCP-2. 9 were formed completely.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of oral etopside (VP16) and oral cyclophosphamide (CPM) combination in the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). Methods Between June 2000 and July 2003,9 patients with HRPC were treated with oral etopside (50 mg/d) and oral cyclophosphamide (100 mg/d) for 21 days with every 28 days as a cycle.Inclusion criteria were previous complete androgen blockade,anti-androgen (flutamide) withdrawal evaluation,and clinical or biochemical disease progression.The therapy was continued until there was evidence of disease progression or the patients could not tolerate the adverse effects of the medications. Results All the 9 patients had a mean follow-up of 7.5 months.PSA levels decreased by at least 50%,from pre-treatment of (90.5?43.6)ng/ml to post-treatment of (24.8?22.2)ng/ml,in 4 patients. The mean duration of response was 6.8 months (range,2-15 months).An objective response was obtained in 2 patients (1 of CR and 1 of PR).Toxic and adverse effects were minimal. Conclusions The combination of oral VP16 and CPM may be an efficacious and well-tolerated regimen in patients with HRPC.

50% for more than 1 month as effective,and the efficacy for soft tissue metastases were classified as complete,partial remission,stabilization and progression.Results All patients were followed up for 6-24 months(mean,12 months) with the evaluation of efficacy and toxicity.PSA levels decreased by at least 50% in 6 of 12 cases(50%);it decreased from(63.9?47.3)ng/ml before treatment to(14.4?8.8)ng/ml after treatment,with a mean duration of response being 7.5 months(range,5-12 months).Partial remission of soft tissue metastases was obtained in 2 cases;the metastatic lesions were reduced from 4.0 cm?5.0 cm,(3.0cm?)(3.5) cm to 2.0 cm?2.0 cm,1.0 cm?1.5 cm,respectively,by the treatment,with response duration being 3 and 8 months,respectively.Toxicities were minimal with leukopenia at grade Ⅰ in 1 case,anemia at grade Ⅰ in 1,baldness at grade Ⅰ in 1,nausea at grade Ⅰ in 2 and impaired liver function at grade Ⅱ in 1.Conclusions The combination of oral estramustine phosphate and oral etoposide may be an effective and well-tolerated regimen in patients with HRPC.

Objective To study the changed status of mortality from urinary and male genital diseases in Shanghai Hongkou district in recent years. Methods Mortality from diseases in Shanghai Hongkou district population from 1991 to 1998 was studied and analyzed. Results There were 1130 persons died of urinary and male genital diseases,749 being male and 381 female.It accounted for 2.08% of the total death,being 2.58% in the male and 1.51% in the female.The 5 major urinary and male genital diseases were in turn nephritis and nephropathy,bladder cancer,benign prostatic diseases,prostate cancer and renal carcinoma.Mortality from bladder cancer,renal cancer,prostate cancer and other prostatic diseases has been rising as compared to those in the 80s especially protatic cancer and other prostatic diseases whereas mortality from nephritis and nephropathy,pyelonephritis and renal failure was decreasing. Conclusions Mortality from prostate cancer and other prostatic diseases in population is remarkably rising.Attention is called to the study,prophylaxis and treatment of prostatic diseases.

BACKGROUND:Alpha-calcium sulfate hemiydrate/biphasic bioceramics (α-CSH/BCP) as a bone repair material has been widely used in the clinic, but there are stil some deficiencies. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of α-CSH/BCP on the repair of bone defects of the radius in rabbits. METHODS:The unilateral radius of 18 adult New Zealand white rabbits was selected to establish bone defect models, and then these rabbit models were randomized into three groups that were treated with α-CSH,α-CSH/BCP, BCP materials, respectively. At 4, 8, 12 weeks after implantation, bone samples were taken for gross and X-ray observations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Gross observation: At 12 weeks of implantation, the bone defect was completely repaired in the α-CSH/BCP group, and the defected radius recovered basicaly; in the α-CSH group, bone defects were visible; and in the BCP group, there was stil some material for filing and coverage. (2) X-ray observation: In the α-CSH group, the degradation of implanted materials was faster than new bone formation, and bone defects were visible; in the α-CSH/BCP group, bone defects were healed, cortical bone remodeling was good, and the bone marrow cavity was re-canalized; in the BCP group, the implanted materials were stil visible, and bone defects were not repaired. These findings indicate that the α-CSH/BCP bone repair material can significantly promote the repair of bone defects of rabbit radius, with a better repair effect than α-CSH or BCP alone.

Objective To construct a chimeric protein of Plasmodium falciparum pre erythrocyte stage (named as PfCP 4). Methods Thrombospondin related anonymous protein (TRAP) and circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium falciparum have been considered important candidates for pre erythrocytic malaria vaccine. The sequences of ectodomain of TRAP (aa: 26-330) and (NANP) 19 repeat region and entire carboxy terminus of CSP were fused to generate the PfCP 4 via a hinge consisting of Gly Pro Gly. The 1577 bp sequence of PfCP 4 was synthesized by asymmetric PCR based method and the synthetic gene was inserted into pQE. The resulting plasmid was transformed into E. coli SG13009 for inducible expression with IPTG. The expression product was detected by Western blotting. Results The result of Western blotting showed that the entire PfCP 4 recombinant protein was produced under IPTG induction whereas no product was detected in the cell without induction. The molecule weight of the protein was 57 kDa which was identical to the expected size, and the product was recognized by polyclonal antibodies against CSP protein. Conclusion A chimeric protein of Plasmodium falciparum pre erythrocyte stage (named as PfCP 4) was constructed successfully.

Purpose:To improve the surgical technique in the treatment of renal pelvic and ureteral malignancy.Methods:From May. 1998 to December. 2000 intravesical ureterectomy has been carried out for 9 cases of renal pelvic malignancy . the distal ureter was intussuscepted into the bladder by traction of a ureteral catheter that had been attached to the cephalad end of the ureter after the kidney was removed. Patients have been followed up for 6 to 30 months with a mean of 18.6 months.Results:No surgical complication has been observed. On cystoscopy, no tumor occurrence has been found at the site of the removed ureteral orifice and other part of the bladder.Conclusions:The surgical technique is characterized by good results,few complication and simplicity.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) and retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP).Methods From May 2004 to September 2013,data from 124 prostate cancer patients were collected.Of them,41 cases underwent RALRP,and 83 cases underwent RRP.The following clinical data was reviewed and analyzed,including operation time,blood loss,transfusion rate,duration of catheterization,time of postoperative hospital stay,postoperative pathology,continence and biochemical recurrence.Results All the operations were successfully performed,without RALRP converted to open surgery.The mean operation time of the RALRP group and the RRP group was 224 min and 165 min,mean blood loss was 266 ml and 659 ml,the transfusion rates were 20％ and 86％,the mean postoperative hospital stay was 16.4 d and 17.9 d,the positive margin rates were 24％ and 10％,the differences were significant (P ＜ 0.05).The mean catheterization time was 27.2 d and 23.5 d (P ＞ 0.05).The 6-month,1-year and 2-year biochemical recurrence rates were 8％,21％ and 24％ in RALRP group,and 13％,16％,31％ in RRP group.The 3-month,6-month,1-year and 2-year continence rates were 56％,70％,80％ and 94％ in RALRP group,and 55％,70％,78％ and 79％ in RRP group.For biochemical recurrence and continence rates,there was no significant difference between the 2 groups.Conclusions RALRP possesses advantages of less bleeding and faster recovery.In addition,the effect of postoperative oncology and continence is similar to open surgery.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of solifenacin for female overactive bladder (OAB) who failed in toherodine treatment. MethodsFrom Jan 2010 to Oct 2010,48 cases of female OAB were treated with 5 mg/d solifenacin for 4 weeks after the failure of tolterodine treatment.The improvement of the perception of bladder condition as well as the mean numbers of day-time micturition,urgency episodes,urge incontinence episode per day,nocturia and pads usage were used as objective indexes for the evaluation of therapeutic effect. ResultsAfter 4-week solifenacin treatment,the mean numbers of day-time micturition,urgency episodes,urge incontinence episode per day,nocturia and pads usage were respectively decreased from the baselines ( 8.7 ± 1.5),(3.4 ± 2.1 ),( 2.4 ± 1.8 ),(2.1 ± 1.8 ) and (2.2 ±1.6) to be (7.2 ±2.5),(2.0 ±1.8),(1.5 ±1.2),(1.2 ±0.8) and (1.4 ±0.8).The perception of bladder condition was improved in 42 cases.The withdrawal from the treatment was seen in 3 cases due to headache and dry mouth.No severe adverse event was found in the rest 45 patients. Conclusion Solifenacin might be an effective and safe alternative agent in the treatment of female OAB who failed in tolterodine treatment.