This article reviews the progress of biomechanical studies on anterior cervical fusion and non-fusion surgery in recent years. The similarities and differences between animal and human cervical spines as well as the major three biomechanical test methods are introduced. Major progresses of biomechanical evaluation in anterior cervical fusion and non-fusion devices, hybrid surgery, coupled motion and biomechanical parameters, such as the instant center of rotation, are classified and summarized. Future development of loading method, multilevel hybrid surgery and coupling character are also discussed.
Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Humans ; Rotation ; Spinal Fusion ; methods

Objective To investigate value of color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) and Doppler power imaging(CDPI) in the diagnosis of choroidal detachment(CD). Methods Color Doppler ultrasound was performed in 30 cases with choroidal detachment. At the base of eyeball shape, lens, vitreous and retina examined by ultrasound, intraocular band-shaped echo was examined by CDFI and CDPI, to understand its blood flow. The observation was compared with that of surgical results. Results Of 30 cases with choroidal detachment, the diagnostic positive correspondonce of ultrasound was 80.0%, while ultrasound combined with CDFI and CDPI, the correspondence increased up to 96.7%. The sonographic features of CDFI and CDPI in choroidal detachment patients were abundant blood flow in band-shape or short stick-like. In 3 cases out of 4 cases with retinal detachment, blood flow was not abundant,their blood flow showed a sparked pattern. In addition, 14 cases combined with vitreous hemorrhage, 8 cases had vitreous opacity and 4 cases vitreous proliferation. Ultrasound diagnosis corresponded with that of clinical surgery in 27 choroidal detachment cases. Conclusions Ultrasound combined with CDFI and CDPI provide valuable references for diagnosis and treatment of choroidal detachment.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in cervical lymph nodes lesions.Methods Twenty patients with metastatic lymph node,10 patients with tuberculosis lymph node and 10 volunteers were underwent both conventional MRI and DWI,and the ADC values of lymph nodes' solid components were measured.The difference of ADC values between three kinds of lymph nodes were analyzed.Results ADC values of metastatic lymph nodes was (0.842 ± 0.156) × 10-3 mm2/s,ADC values of tuberculosis lymph nodes was (1.249 ± 0.142) × 10-3 mm2/s,and ADC values of normal lymph nodes was (1.291 ± 0.176) × 10-3 mm2/s.There was significant difference between ADC values of metastatic lymph nodes and with the two later kinds of lymph nodes (P＜ 0.01),and no difference in the two later kinds of lymph nodes (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion ADC values with features of conventional MR is helpful for differentiate metastatic lymph node,tuberculosis lymph node and normal lymph nodes.

Objective To summarize the experiences in clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment of chest cancers invading the superior vena cava (SVC). Method Retrospective study of 12 cases with chest cancers invading the SVC, SVC and innominate vein were reconstructed with prosthesis in 3 cases, the side wall of the SVC was excised and repaired in 9 cases. Results Complete resection was performed in 10cases,2 cases had incomplete resection. There was no death associated with operation in these patients. All patients were followed up for 1 - 7 years after operation,and 3 cases were lost to follow up,5 of remaining 9cases were dead because of relapse and metastasis, their median survival time was 8 months,other 4 cases lived, their median survival time was 42 months. Conclusions Patients with chest cancers invading the SVC should have surgical treatment of not only tumor resection but also the vessel reconstruction,the prognosis would be better than without surgical treatment. These patients have a high quality of life and live with long-term survival.

Hepatic perfusion parameters play an important role in detecting and diagnosing diffusion diseases of liver. Based on a hemodynamic model. In this study, we described a fast and accurate method to calculate the perfusion parameters. First, we used a dual-input one-compartment kinetics model to illustrate the distribution of the contrast agent concentration among the body. Then, we used the Gaussian function to fit the scatter concentration data of portal vein and aorta, to obtain a liver agent concentration on function of time. Finally, we solved the model parameters by using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, and calculated the perfusion parameters. The results showed that the method proposed in this study could calculate the parameters precisely, and had a prosperous future application possibility.
Algorithms ; Contrast Media ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Liver ; physiology ; Models, Biological ; Perfusion

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of ultrasound on the diagnosis of posterior dislocation of the lens. MethodsThe eyes of 38 patients with different kinds of posterior dislocation of the lens were examined by color Doppler ultrasound to understand location, forms, and echogram of the lens and relation with their environmental tissues. ResultsOf 38 cases, 13 cases with complete posterior dislocation of the lens, 3 cases with posterior dislocation of intraocular lens, and 22 cases with incomplete posterior dislocation of the lens were proved. Also, 4 cases with vitreous hemorrhage, 13 cases with vitreous opacity and fibrous membrane, 15 cases with posterior detachment of the vitreous, 3 cases with retinal detachment were found. In addition, 33 cases underwent vitrectomy combining lensectomy or removal of the lens, among them, diagnostic ratio of ultrasound was 100%. ConclusionsHigh practical value is shown in posterior dislocation of the lens by ultrasound as one of the important methods on the diagnosis. At the same time, it provides valuable references for choosing surgical methods of posterior dislocation of the lens.

Objective: To investigate the clinical results of permanent implantation of radioactive 125 I seeds in treatment of advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Methods:Eight patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma were treated with 125 I implantation from May 2002 to December 2002 and the data was retrospectively analyzed.Results: The mean number of 125 I seeds implanted was 22.8 with minimum of 19 to maximum of 38 each. The matched peripheral dose was 65 Gy.The postoperative courses were uneventful and no bone marrow suppression was recorded.The preoperative efractory abdominal and back pain in 2 patients were relieved completely (2/2).The postoperative CT scan which were done in four cases showed that tumor disappeared completely in 2 cases,were well locally controlled in 1 and slightly controlled in one.No acute pancreatitis and pancreatic leakage were encountered in all patients.Conclusion: The implantation of radioactive 125 I was effective in local control of the tumor and pain relief and is a safe alternative for the treatment of unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

This paper summarizes the 10 cases weaning from mechanical ventilation with proportional pressure support(PPS).The nursing care focus on dynamic monitoring of PPS,asphyxia ventilation,system airtight care,etc.Ten patients were successfully remove the respirator.