OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for variety breeding,high yield and high quality cultivation of Momordica cochi-nchinensis. METHODS:Based on Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition,Vol Ⅰ),HPLC for determining the content of gyp-sogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchinensis was optimized,the contents of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchinensis from 14 production places of 8 provinces were compared,and cluster analysis was conduct-ed. Correlation of longitude,latitude and altitude with content of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchi-nensis was analyzed by SPSS17.0 software. RESULTS:Gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchinensis showed good linear relationship in 0.05-0.5 mg/mL,regression equation was Y=4361.95X+67.3808(R2=0.9997);the limits of quantification and detection were 15.62 ng and 4.67 ng,respectively. Average recovery was 99.76%(RSD=1.36%,n=9). The content of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchinensis from 14 production places of 8 provinces had ex-tremely significant differences(P<0.01). Clustering analysis results indicated that M. cochinchinensis from 14 production places of 8 provinces were divided into Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ groups. Contents of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochi-nchinensis of Ⅲ,Ⅳ groups were relatively high,including Guangxi Pingnan,Guizhou Jiangkou,Guizhou Dejiang,Fujian Jian-yang and Hunan Huitong,in which,Guangxi Pingnan,Guizhou Jiangkou,Guizhou Dejiang and Hunan Huitong had high altitude and low latitude,Fujian Jianyang had high altitude. The content of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochi-nchinensis was positively correlated with altitude,while negatively correlated with longitude and latitude. CONCLUSIONS:HPLC is simple,accurate and reproducible for determining the content of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochi-nchinensis,and the determined contents of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchinensis from 14 produc-tion places of 8 provinces have reached the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition,Vol Ⅰ). Cultivation in Guangxi Pingnan,Guizhou Jiangkou,Guizhou Dejiang,Hunan Huitong and other areas with high altitude and low latitude helps to improve the content accumulation of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchinensis.

This paper explored artificial intelligence(AI)in medicine based on fuzzy logic,introduced the significance of AI in medicine in the fields of medicine and medical ethics,and discussed the limitations of traditional AI in handling complex systems and fuzzy fields.It proposed the viewpoint of fuzzy logic as a solution,as well as emphasized the advantages of fuzzy logic compared to classical two-valued logic and the development and application of fuzzy logic in AI in medicine.By expounding the development of fuzzy deontology,it was demonstrated that it provided a new logical framework and operational tool for AI in medicine in addressing normative fields,and can provide support for AI in medicine and ethical decision-making.In summary,AI in medicine based on fuzzy logic is of great significance in dealing with medical ethics and complexity,providing practical relevant support for medical practice and ethical decision-making,and showing its future development prospects when combined with deontic logic.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of free pre-expanded scapular skin flap for repairing of large size facial and cervical scar .Methods 15 patients suffering from post-burn facial and cervical scar contractures were treated in the Department of Plastic Surgery of Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University.The reconstruction was performed in two operative stages .First, the skin incision were made paralleling with the descending branches of the circumflex scapular artery near posterior axillary line and the scapular skin flap was elevated .A 300 to 400 ml kidney -shaped expander was implanted under scapular region skin .The expansion began 1 week post-operatively.After the expander was fully expanded and could supply sufficient flap , the facial and cervical scar was resected and the contracture was released .The pre-expanded scapular flap was harvested and transferred to repair the defects.Then the facial vascular anastomosis with circumflex scapular vascular was performed .The expander was removed and the wound was closed directly .Results The expansion time ranged from 2 to 4 months with the average time of 2.8 months.The flap size ranged from 14 cm ×7 cm to 25 cm ×14 cm. All flaps survived post-operatively and wounds at donor sites healed primarily .The face and neck have good appearance .Conclusions Pre-expanded scapular skin flap is suitable for repairing of larger face and neck scar with good color and thickness match .Expanded skin flap can provide large size flap , leaving less morbidity at the donor sites .

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of free pre-expanded scapular skin flap for repairing of large size facial and cervical scar .Methods 15 patients suffering from post-burn facial and cervical scar contractures were treated in the Department of Plastic Surgery of Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University.The reconstruction was performed in two operative stages .First, the skin incision were made paralleling with the descending branches of the circumflex scapular artery near posterior axillary line and the scapular skin flap was elevated .A 300 to 400 ml kidney -shaped expander was implanted under scapular region skin .The expansion began 1 week post-operatively.After the expander was fully expanded and could supply sufficient flap , the facial and cervical scar was resected and the contracture was released .The pre-expanded scapular flap was harvested and transferred to repair the defects.Then the facial vascular anastomosis with circumflex scapular vascular was performed .The expander was removed and the wound was closed directly .Results The expansion time ranged from 2 to 4 months with the average time of 2.8 months.The flap size ranged from 14 cm ×7 cm to 25 cm ×14 cm. All flaps survived post-operatively and wounds at donor sites healed primarily .The face and neck have good appearance .Conclusions Pre-expanded scapular skin flap is suitable for repairing of larger face and neck scar with good color and thickness match .Expanded skin flap can provide large size flap , leaving less morbidity at the donor sites .

Objective:To investigate the impact of lifestyle, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene, and their interaction on the risk for cognitive frailty in the elderly population in China.Methods:The study participants were from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. The information about their lifestyles were collected by questionnaire survey, and a weighted lifestyle score was constructed based on β coefficients associated with specific lifestyles to assess the combined lifestyle. ApoE genotypes were assessed by rs429358 and rs7412 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Cognitive frailty was assessed based on cognitive function and physical frailty. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the association of lifestyle and ApoE gene with the risk for cognitive frailty and evaluate the multiplicative and additive interactions between lifestyle and ApoE gene. Results:A total of 5 676 elderly persons, with median age [ M ( Q1, Q3)] of 76 (68, 85) years, were included, in whom 615 had cognitive frailty. The analysis by Cox proportional hazards regression model indicated that moderate and high levels of dietary diversity could reduce the risk for cognitive frailty by 18% [hazard ratio ( HR)=0.82, 95% CI: 0.68-1.00] and 28% ( HR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.57-0.91), respectively; moderate and high levels of physical activity could reduce the risk by 31% ( HR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.56-0.85) and 23% ( HR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.64-0.93), respectively. Healthy lifestyle was associated with a 40% reduced risk for cognitive frailty ( HR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.46-0.78). ApoE ε4 allele was associated with a 26% increased risk for cognitive frailty ( HR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.02-1.56). No multiplicative or additive interactions were found between lifestyle and ApoE gene. Conclusions:Dietary diversity and regular physical activity have protective effects against cognitive frailty in elderly population. Healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk for cognitive frailty in elderly population regardless of ApoE ε4 allele carriage status.