Objective To discuss the cumulative effect of acupuncture on left ST40 to hemodynamic of PCA.Methods Sixteen healthy young people were randomly chosen to be acupunctured on left ST40 and parameters of TCD such as Vs,Vd,Vm,PI and RI were managed to be recorded sequentially at the 5 points below to make out an statistical analysis:10 min before acupuncture; the time of inserting the needles; 15 min after retaining the needles; the time when taking the needles out; 10 min after the acupunture.Results The parameters of TCD Vs,Vd,Vm 10min after withdrawing the needle [Were ( 84.56± 19.72) cm/s、( 39.75 ±10.15 ) cm/s、(56.13 ± 14.73 ) cm/s each] all showed a decline compared with the parameters 10min before acupuncture(P＜0.05),while other parameters turned out to be almost the same (P＞0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture on left ST40 has cumulative effect on Vs,Vd and Vm,which suggest us the needle retention time should be noted.

Objective To study the characteristics of lower respiratory tract infection by Streptococcus pneumonia in children aged from 0 to 5 years and drug resistance,so as to provide the rational basis for clinical treatment and epidemiology.Methods The medical data from 4 815 children aged 0 to 5 years with lower respiratory tract infection between September 2014 and September 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.Results Totally 343 strains of Streptococcus pneumonia were isolated from 4 815 sputum samples,with the isolation rate of 7.12％.Of the isolated streptococcus pneumonia strains,80.76％ were isolated from the children with pneumonia,9.33％ were isolated from the children with bronchitis,5.83％ were isolated from the children with capillary bronchitis,4.08％ were isolated from the children with bronchial asthma.There was no significant difference in the incidence of Streptococcus pneumonia infections between the genders of the children(P>0.05),but the incidence of Streptococcus pneumonia detection rates differed significantly in different seasons and children of different ages,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The resistance rates of Streptococcus pneumonia to penicillin,erythromycin and clindamycin were 51.0％,97.9％ and 97.1％ respectively;The sensitivity rates to cefotaxime and vancomycin were 71.1％ and 100.0％ respectively.Conclusion The children aged less than 1 years old are at the high risk of Streptococcus pneumonia infection and highest detection rates in winter,it is necessary to perform the drug susceptibility testing in a timely manner so as to choice reasonable antimicrobial agents to control the condition.

Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of vitamin A on tracheal mucosal immunity. Method: The rat model with vitamin A deficiency (VAD) was established. By use of immunohistochemical, RT-quantity PCR and ELISA methods, the number of dendritic cells (DCs, OX-62 positive cells), the maturation of DCs (the positive areas of CD80 and CCR7), the pathogen recognition receptors (the positive areas of TLR2 and of TLR4) and TLRs signal transduction (the mRNA level of MyD88), as well as cytokines production in tracheal mucous membrane were detected. Results: In VAD rats, the number of DCs in trachea was increased, but the expressions of CD80 and CCR7 were similar with control group. The TLR2 and MyD88 mRNA levels were up-regulated, and IL-12 production was also raised. However, Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-6 were reduced significantly in protein and mRNA levels, and the production of IL-10 protein was declined compared with the control. Conclusion: In VAD rats, the number of DCs, receptors of pathogens recognition, and cytokines production in trachea mucosa were significantly changed. The affection of VAD on DCs may play important role in the impaired mucosal immunity of trachea.

Objective To investigate the influence of retinoic acid (RA) in differentiation,maturation and function of intestinal dendritic cells (DC),and probe into the effect of Vitamin A (VA) on intestinal mucosal immunity and pathway. Method Rat intestinal mucosa was cultured in vitro,supplemented with all-trans RA and/or retinoid acid receptor ? (RAR?) antagonist (Ro 41-5253). After cultured for 24h and 48h,the surface markers OX62、OX6 and CD86 on DCs were detected by flow cytometry,to observe the effect of RA on differentiation and maturation of DC. The cytokines and RAR? were measured in mRNA levels by RT-PCR to analyze the influence of RA on mucosal immunity and the pathway. Results RA promoted the maturation of DC in mucosa cultured in vitro,and up-regulated RAR? mRNA levels,the changes were marked at 24h. Moreover,when RA was present in the culture,IL-12 and IFN-? (Th1 cytokine) mRNA were reduced,and IL-10 was increased significantly compared with control . However,the actions of RA above can be inversed by Ro 41-5253. Conclusion The modulation of RA on DC could be one of the important mechanisms that VA influences intestinal mucosal immunity. RAR? participates in the regulation of RA on DC.

Objective: To investigate the effect of retinoic acid on the differentiation and development of B lymphocytes, and explore the mechanism of vitaminA in increasing the production of antibodies. Method: In vitro cultured cells from children’s normal mesentery lymph nodes, before and after administration of retinoic acid or retinoic acid antagonist, the changes of cell surface markers were analyzed by flowcytometry to observe the differentiation and maturation of B cells. Results: During culture in vitro, the percent of mature CD19+IgM+ B cells increased and relatively immature CD19+IgM- B cells decreased gradually, and the changes were especially obvious at 48 h. The administration of retinoic acid further increased the percent of CD19+IgM+ B cells, and the enhancement was markedly at 24 and 48 h (P

Aim To observe the effects of Rh2 on the hemodynamics and electrophysiological parameters in anesthetic rats. Methods The changes of hemodynamics and electrophysiological parameters in anesthetic rats were tested after administration with Rh2, such as SAP, DAP, MAP, LVSP, LVDP, LVEDP, ?dp/dt_ max,HR,RRP and ERP. Results Rh2 increased SAP,DAP,MAP,LVSP,?dp/dt_ max with the decrease of LVEDP. It had no distinct effects on HR, ECG, RRP and ERP. Conclusion Rh2 has the effects of increasing SAP,DAP and MAP in anesthetic rats and has no influence on HR, ECG and cardiac ventricle electrophysiological parameter, suggesting that the effect of increasing blood pressure could be related to the increases of peripheral resistance.

Objective: To investigate the influence of the expression of retinoic acid receptor genes on the development of B cells in lymph nodes of young children. Method: In situ hybridization was performed on the frozen section of lymph node of young children (≤age 5 ). Six digoxin labeled antisense RNA probes for retinoic acid receptors mRNA(RAR?、?、?、RXR?、?、?)were used. The expression and distribution of retinoic acid receptor genes in lymph nodes and their influence on the differentiation and maturation of B cell were observed. RT-fluorescent PCR was also used to observe the expression levels of retinoic acid receptor genes and their relation to the maturation of B cells. Results: In situ hybridization showed all the 6 retinoic acid receptor genes were expressed in lymphocytes and reticular cells of lymph node, and the distribution was widespread. RT fluorescent PCR also showed a varying expression of 6 retinoic acid receptor genes in lymph node among different age children, but lower in children younger than 1 year, and then increased gradually with the development of immune system. Conclusion: The expression and regulation of retinoic acid receptor genes may take part in the ontogenesis of B cells, and play a key role in the regulation of retinoic acid and enforce the anti-infective immunity in children.

Objective: To investigate the role of retinoic acid (RA) in the differentiation, and maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) derived from cord blood monocytes, and its mechanism. Method: Nine cord blood samples were collected from healthy and well nourished newborns. Monocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro. Cells were divided into 4 groups: control group; retinoid acid receptor ? (RAR? )agonist group (RA group); RAR? antagonist group (RO group) and agonist plus antagonist group (RA+RO group). Part cells were collected in D9, and the surface markers on cells were detected by flow cytometer. The mixed lymphocyte reaction (allo-MLR) was used to evaluate the ability of DC to induce proliferation of T cells and the influence by RA and RAR?. Th cytokines were measured in protein level by ELISA and in mRNA levels by RT-PCR to decipher the effect of RA and RAR? in the regulation of Th1/Th2 balance by DCs. Results: The differentiation and maturation of DCs were inhibited significantly in RA group compared with control group. When RO was added into the culture, the effects of RA can be reversed. After MLR , the suppression effect of RA on allo-T cell proliferation was inversed by RO. During the influence of DC on Th cell polarization, RO could inhibit the down-regulation of Th1 cytokine (IFN-?) as well as the up- regulation of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) by RA, whether on protein levels or on mRNA levels. Conclusion: Retinoic acid inhibited the differentiation and maturation of DC derived from cord blood monocytes, reduced the ability to stimulate allo-T lymphocytes proliferation by DCs, and made immune response bias to Th2. RAR? plays a very important role in the regulation of RA on DCs.

Objective :To study the effect and mechanism of retinoic acid(RA) on thymocytes development. Methods:Thymus tissue culture system was used to investigate the roles of RA in maturation development of thymocytes. Thymus tissues were cultured with or without retinoic acid and/or retinoic acid receptor antagonist. The cultures were harvested after 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Thymocytes were stained with fluorescence labeled anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8 antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. The real time quantitative RT-PCR assay was used to detect the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) mRNA expression in thymocytes. Results:The thymus tissue culture system was able to support the maturation of thymocytes. Addition of RA to the culture system promoted thymocytes differentiation from immature CD4+CD8+ cells to mature CD4+ cells, but inhibited the transformation from immature CD4+CD8+ cells to mature CD8+ cells. The effect was marked after 24h culture, and was antagonized by Ro41-5253. RA enhanced the expression of RAR mRNA in thymocytes. A positive correlation was found between the expression of RAR mRNA and the percentage of CD4+CD8+ cells and a negative correlation between the expression of RAR mRNA and the percentage of CD8+ cells. Conclusion:RA likely play an important role in thymocytes development, perhaps by affecting the relative expression of RAR gene.

Objective To understand the mechanism of vitamin A deficiency(VAD) impairing the mucosal immunity and the influences of VAD on cytokines response of intestinal mucosa in rats. Method The rat model with VAD was established,and intestinal infection was induced by typhoid salmonella orally administered. The fresh ileum tissue samples were taken,and ELISA and RT-quantity PCR were used to detect the production of cytokines,including IFN-?,IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10 and IL-12,by intestinal mucosa in protein and mRNA levels. Results IL-12,the cytokine produced by dendritic cells,was markedly increased in VAD rats,and the level was further raised when the VAD rats were complicated by intestinal infection. The Th1 cytokines,IFN-? and IL-2,were reduced in VAD rats. IL-4,the main Th2 cytokine,was significantly decreased after intestinal infection,especially in VAD rats. IL-6 mRNA was lower in VAD rats and after intestinal infection compared with that of the VA normal control. IL-10 mRNA was also declined in VAD rats,and more markedly reduced after intestinal infection. Conclusion The regulation of VAD onproduction of cytokines in local intestinal mucosa is likely to be an important mechanism of VAD affecting intestinal mucosal immunity.