[Summary] Thedawn phenomenon is a term used to describe hyperglycemia or an increase in the amount of insulin needed to maintain normoglycemia, occurring in the absence of antecedent hypoglycemia, during the early morning hours, and mostly affecting children with type 1 diabetes. Currently, hyperglycemia before breakfast time is defined as dawn phenomenon, and postbreakfast abnormal hyperglycemia is referred as the extended dawn phenomenon. Dawn phenomenon is regarded as the result of the β cell dysfunction, which increased endogenous glucose production and the persistent insulin resistance. By using continuous glucose monitoring technology, dawn phenomenon can be effectively identified:The difference between the lowest glucose level during nocturnal time and the glucose value before breakfast over 1. 11 mmol/L. And the long-acting insulin analogs and insulin pump are effective treatments for dawn phenomenon.

Objective To report and summarize the improvement of diagnosis and treatment of male pseudohermaphroditism. Methods Among the 21 cases (mean age of 13 years,range from 6 to 31 years),19 were socially female sex and 2 were male sex.Visual clinical examination indicated abnormal external genitalia,lumps on both sides of inguina or labia majora pudendi.Genetic examination showed that the sex chromosome karyotypes of all cases were 46,XY.Before operation diagnoses were established in 20 cases by blood biochemistry,B-ultrasound and CT examination with misdiagnosis in only 1 case. Results All the 21 cases received operation.Female features were retained in 19 cases and male features in 2.Of them 15 cases were followed up for 3 to 8 years.Of the 15 cases 14 were treated by hormone replacement (oral stilbestrol)with obvious improvement of secondary sexual character.Of the 14 cases 11 had normal prepuberal physical development.The appearances of the external genitalia were satisfactory.One patient who maintained male sex had obvious growth of breasts during puberty. Conclusions Early diagnosis and treatment are very important to the therapeutic effects and the life quality of the patients.It is suggested that operation of maintaining female sex can be preferred as treatment of choice for male pseudohermaphroditism.

Objective To investigate the function of middle-methoxyl pectin-Ca2+ complex in(Graduate School,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100039;1 Polymer Engineering Laboratory,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130022,China) lowing postprandial serum glucose of normal and impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) rats.Method The experimental IGT rats models were made by injecting STZ into abdomen.Then normal and IGT rats were given test meal and their postprandial serum glucose were measured.Results The middle-methoxyl pectin-Ca2+ complex could significantly improve the glucose tolerance and weaken the peak value of postprandial serum glucose of normal and IGT rats(P

Objective To investigate the role of the mass screening by comparing the pathological features of prostate cancer between mass screening patients and clinical patients.Methods 107 cases of prostate cancer(including 51 patients from clinical diagnosis and 56 patients from mass screening) and 7 cases of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia(PIN,from mass screening) were analyzed using the Gleason’s grade system.Results ① Gleason’s grade of prostate cancer in mass screening group was lower than that in clinical diagnosis group(?2 =48.22,P

BACKGROUND:To construct tissue engineering cartilage would open up a novel way for the repair of cartilage damage in avoidance of the disadvantages of traditional therapeutic method.OBJECTIVE: To probe the techniques for the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow, as well as the in vitro differentiation into chondrocytic phenotype in a specific culture fluid.DESIGN:A complete randomized experimentSETTING:The Department of Traumatic Orthopedics and Hand Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, and Teaching and Research Faculty of Histology and Embryology of Guangxi Medical University.METHODS: The experiment was carried out at Guangxi Medical University between August 2002 and April 2003. Twenty SD neonatal weaning rats were selected. Bone marrow was aspirated from the bones of rat limbs and was isolated by gradient centrifugation in Percoll, and MSCs could be obtained in combination with adherent screening method, which were then cultured in DMEM-LG with 15% fatal bovine serum (FBS) in the incubator of 37℃ with 5% CO2 for 10-14 days. The passage cells were induced in DMEM-HG with 15% FBS (containing TGF-β1 10 μg/L, 10-7 mol/L dexamethasone, 50 mg/L VitC).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES :The morphology, growth, as well as proliferation and specific expression of chondrogenic matrix of in vitro cultured MSCs due to specific induction.RESULTS: Totally 20 SD rats were observed and analyzed with no loss SCs grew in visible symmetric colonies, displaying a long-spindle shape,and the morphological characteristics of marrow-derived MSCs had no obvious changes during passage-culture, but its proliferation time was found from a shuttle fibroblastic appearance to polygonal shape, displaying posiHC staining of type Ⅱ collagen of cartilage specific matrix.bronectin adherent screening technique is a convenient, effective and practical method to separate and collect MSCs from rat bone marrows in chondrogenic phenotype when induced by a specific medium and can secrete cartilage specific matrix, and they can be the optimal seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering.

Objective To observe the change of serum ischemia modified albumin (IMA) in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.Methods Seventy-four end stage renal disease patients undergoing CAPD more than 3 months (CAPD group) were divided into 2 groups according to clinical symptoms of cardiovascular diseases:CAPD symptoms group (29 cases) and CAPD asymptomatic group (45 cases).Seventy healthy subjects were selected as control group.The serum IMA level and abnormal rate of electrocardiogram and heart color ultrasonic were examined and compared.Results The serum IMA level in CAPD group was significantly higher than that in control group [(92.33 ± 17.17) kU/L vs.(69.63 ± 9.24)kU/L,P＜ 0.01].The serum IMA level in CAPD symptoms group was significantly higher than that in CAPD asymptomatic group [(109.37 ± 21.34) kU/L vs.(85.31 ± 8.58) kU/L,P ＜ 0.05].The elevatory rate of serum IMA level and abnormal rate of electrocardiogram and heart color ultrasonic in CAPD symptoms group were significantly higher than those in C APD asymptomatic group [37.9％ (11/29) vs.15.6％(7/45),62.1％ (18/29) vs.22.2％ (10/45),P ＜0.05].Conclusions The serum IMA level in CAPD patients is elevatory.Serum IMA level is significantly higher in CAPD patients with cardiovascular disease clinical symptoms,it can be used for diagnosis of myocardial damage in CAPD patients.

AIM: To prepare Yuanhuzhitong Dispersible Tablet.(Rhizoma corydalis,Radix Angeliae Dahuricae) METHODS: To inspect formula and preparation technology of dispersible tablet using monofactor experiment and U_9(9~4) uniform design experiment on the basis of multi-markers. RESULTS: The weight of dispersible tablet was definited as 400 mg,the pharmaceutical adjuvants were 34% starch,40% MCC and 10% lactose as filler,8% cCMC-Na as disintegrat,15% PVPK_(30) alcohol water blend as adhesive on the basis of mono-factor test.(CONCLUSION): The formula is reasonable and technology is feasible.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of extraction of gastrodia elata on status epilepticus induced by Li-pilocarpine in rats. Methods 144 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: saline control (5 ml/kg twice daily), small dose gastrodia group (5 ml/kg twice daily), large dose gastrodia group (10 ml/kg twice daily) and lamotrigine group (20 mg/kg twice daily). The status epilepticus was induced 3 d after treatment. The duration of status epilepticus, neuron loss, the rate of spontaneous seizure and the score of mossy fiber sprouting were analyzed. Results Large dose gastrodia or lamotrigine administration can shorten the duration of status epilepticus and decrease the neuron loss compared with the small dose gastrodia and control administration. But all treatments cannot prevent mossy fiber sprouting and spontaneous seizures. Conclusion 20 ml/kg gastrodia or 40 mg/kg lamotrigine administration can shorten the duration of status epilepticus induced by Li-pilocarpine, and decrease the neuron loss of CA1, CA3 of hippocampus and hilus of dentate gyrus, but cannot prevent epileptogenesis after brain insult.

Objective To explore the role of Kv channel interacting protein 1(KChIP1)in the process of epileptic seizure and the relationship between KChIP1 and gamma-aminobutyric acid-(GABA)ergic neurons.Methods Normal female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with pentylenetetrazole to make acute pentylenetetrazole models of epilepsy.Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope(LSCM)combined with double-labeled immunohistochemical technique was applied to observe the expression of the KChIP1 and the GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus of rats.Results The number of KChIP1-postive neurons in the hippocampus was significantly increased in the acute pentylenetetrazole model rats(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the number of double-labled neurons(P>0.05),nor of the GABA-postive neurons between the model rats and the controls.The ratio of double-labeled neurons/total positive neurons was 63.9% in the hippocampus.Conclusion The KChIP1 might be involved in epileptogenesis of pentylenetetrazole induced seizure.The KChIP1 was associated with GABAergic neurons,whereas it may be functionally different from GABA.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) gene knockout on the behavior changes and cerebral morphology during aging in mice,and to compare that of young and aged mice between AQP4 knockout mice (AQP4(-/-)) and wild type mice (AQP4(+/+)).

METHODSFifty-eight CD-1 mice were divided into four groups: young (2-3 months old) AQP4(-/-), aged (17-19 months old) AQP4(-/-), young AQP4(+/+) and aged AQP4(+/+). The activity levels and exploring behavior of mice were tested in open field. The neurons were stained with toluidine blue and NeuN, the astrocytes and microglia were stained with GFAP and Iba-1, respectively. The morphological changes of neuron, astrocyte and microglia were then analyzed.

RESULTSCompared with young mice, the total walking distance in open field of aged AQP4(+/+) mice and aged AQP4(-/-) mice decreased 41.2% and 44.1%, respectively (P<0.05); while there was no difference in the ratio of distance and retention time in the central area of open field. The density of neuron in cortex of aged AQP4(+/+) mice and aged AQP4(-/-) mice decreased 19.6% and 15.8%, respectively (P<0.05), while there was no difference in the thickness of neuron cell body in hippocampus CA1 region. The density of astrocyte in hippocampus CA3 region of aged AQP4(+/+) mice and aged AQP4(-/-) mice increased 57.7% and 64.3%, respectively (P<0.001), while there was no difference in the area of astrocyte. The area of microglia in hippocampus CA3 region of aged AQP4(+/+) mice and aged AQP4(-/-) mice increased 46.9% and 52.0%, respectively (P<0.01), while there was no difference in the density of microglia. Compared with AQP4(+/+) mice, the young and aged AQP4(-/-) mice showed smaller area of astrocyte in hippocampus CA3 region, reduced 18.0% in young mice and 23.6% in aged mice. There was no difference between AQP4(+/+) mice and AQP4(-/-) mice for other observed indexes.

CONCLUSIONAQP4 may be involved in change of astrocyte and astrocyte-related behaviors during aging. AQP4 gene knockout may have limited effects on the change of neuron, microglia and most neuronal behaviors in aging process.

Aging ; pathology ; Animals ; Aquaporin 4 ; genetics ; Astrocytes ; pathology ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain ; pathology ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Microglia ; pathology ; Neurons ; pathology