OBJECTIVE To find out fulminate epidemiological features of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in ICU and the ways to prevent and treat this nosocomial infection.METHODS The case histories from 4 inpatients who developed S.maltophilia infection in the same ward from Feb 5 to 16,2006,were studied retrospectively to find out the reasons of its onset and its treatment based on the sputum culture results.RESULTS The fulminate S.maltophilia was found from the rail of the patient bed,the connection part of water container of 2 respiratory machines of exhalation valve assembly and the liquid of ultrasonic aeriation machine.CONCLUSIONS The infection is a localized one.The main reasons of the infection are unthorough disinfection of respiratory machine and the contamination of medical treatment environment.Whenever the infection is found in the ward,the thorough disinfection needs immediately,and no new patient admitted.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the quality control index between Jinzhen Suanzao teabag and decoction,and explore the alternative supplement of teabag to decoction. METHODS:The test sample solutions of Jinzhen Suanzao teabag and decoction were prepared by hot-maceration method and water-decoction method. The contents of water soluble extract and total flavonoids were de-termined and compared between 2 kinds of preparation. The leaching rates of teabag were investigated at different soak time(0,5, 10,15,20,25,30 min) to optimize soaking time. RESULTS:The average content of water soluble extract were 50.56% and 44.45%(P<0.05) respectively for the teabag and decoction. The total flavonoids content were 0.64 mg/g and 0.69 mg/g (P<0.05). The dissolution amount of teabag were increasing and leaching rate increased within first 20 min,and reached balance gradu-ally 25 min later. CONCLUSIONS:According to the convenience of use and results of each index,the difference in quality control index is not great between 2 kinds of preparation. Teabag can be as the supplement of decoction.

Objective To design a visual terrain classification algorithm to facilitate the robot to make appropriate movement strategy by perceiving the surrounding environment.Methods Bag of words (BOW) and support vector machine (SVM) were used to develop a simple and effective terrain classification algorithm.The BOW model involved in feature extraction,codebook generation and feature coding.The mid-level feature developed by BOW model was then fed into SVM classifier to obtain the terrain classification result.Results The quadruped robot platform was applied to performing visual terrain classification experiment in the natural environment.The test environment included floor,asphalt,sand and grass.Good experimental results were achieved,and the classification accuracy was above 90％ (the beat was 97.54％ for grass).Conclusion The algorithm can effectively and accurately distinguish all kinds of terrains,with high accuracy and good stability.The key frame selection method needs researching in the future.

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Objective To evaluate the role of calcium channel in the mechanism of the generation and maintenance of bursting firing of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons in rats.Methods Using the patch clamp technique,we observed the firing pattern switching features after adding 10 μmol/L N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA),compared the changes of whole-calcium current and L-type calcium current with or without NMDA,and analyzed the correlation between the generation of burst firing and L-type calcium channel activation.Results After NMDA treatment,the firing pattern of SNc dopaminergic neurons changed to burst firing,which was compromised by a charastistic high plateau potential and series of action potential on it.The current density of L-type calcium current increased significantly after adding NMDA,which,from (2.86 ±0.26) pA/pF (n =28),significantly increased to (3.75 ± 0.18) pA/pF (n =34 ; t =7.52,P =0.002 8).The high plateau potential was almost abolished with the application of verapamil,a specific antagonist of L-type calcium channel.Consiusion NMDA could induce the firing pattern changed to burst firing in SNc dopaminergic neurons,while L-type calcium channel contributes to the process of generation and maintenance of burst firing.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a family of proteins that mediate multi-drug resistance (MDR) via ATP-dependent drug efflux pumps. Abnormally expression and function would result in tumor MDR. That is the most important mechanism of MDR. The inhibition of ABC transporters as a strategy to reverse MDR in cancer has been studied extensively. In this review, we reviewed the structure and function of ABC transporters, and focused on the research advances in the mechanism of tumors MDR mediated by ABC transporters and the development of their modulators and reversal strategies.
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; antagonists & inhibitors ; chemistry ; metabolism ; physiology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of posterior cervical pedicle screw fixation operation for cervical spondylotic myelopathy.Methods: From Mar 2014 to Sep 2015, 55 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy treated with posterior cervical pedicle screw fixation operation were involved. Cervical curvature in the cervical three dimensional CT by the Harrison’ s cervical curvature measuring method was measured, and JOA scores, NDI scores and VAS scores before and after operation and the last follow-up were evaluated. Results:A total of 55 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy obtained good operation effect and the cervical curvature and neural function were improved.The cervical curvature, JOA score, NDI scores, and VAS scores were significantly better than that before operation (P < 0.05) . Last follow-up results showed that there was statistical significance on JOA score, NDI score, and VAS score compared with that after operation (P<0.05), but not on cervical curvature (P>0.05) . Conclusion:The neurological function and cervical curvature of the cervical spondylotic myelopathy can be improved through posterior cervical pedicle screw fixation operation.

OBJECTIVETo determine the frequency of spinocerebellar ataxia type 31 (SCA31) related mutations among patients from mainland China.

METHODSFor a cohort of molecularly unassigned patients comprised of 295 SCA patients (including 98 probands from families featuring autosomal dominant SCA and 197 sporadic cases) and 81 patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) (including 23 probands from families with autosomal dominant HSP and 58 sporadic cases),TGGAA pentanucleotide expansion insertional mutation of the BEAN/TK2 gene was detected using repeat-primed PCR followed by capillary gel electrophoresis.

RESULTSNo TGGAA pentanucleotide insertion expansion in BEAN/TK2 gene was identified in the above cohort.

CONCLUSIONSCA31 is an extremely rare subtype of SCA and should not be included in routine genetic screening in mainland China.

The study was conducted to investigate the role of vitamin E in the high altitude hypoxia-induced damage to the intestinal barrier in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (Control), high altitude hypoxia (HH), and high altitude hypoxia+vitamin E (250 mg/kg BW*d) (HV) groups. After the third day, the HH and HV groups were placed in a hypobaric chamber at a stimulated elevation of 7000 m for 5 days. The rats in the HV group were given vitamin E by gavage daily for 8 days. The other rats were given equal volume saline. The results showed that high altitude hypoxia caused the enlargement of heart, liver, lung and kidney, and intestinal villi damage. Supplementation with vitamin E significantly alleviated hypoxia-caused damage to the main organs including intestine, increased the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p< 0.05), diamino oxidase (DAO) (p< 0.01) levels, and decreased the serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) (p< 0.01), interleukin-4 (IL-4) (p<0.001), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (p<0.01) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.001), and decreased the serum erythropoietin (EPO) activity (p<0.05). Administration of vitamin E significantly increased the S-IgA (p<0.001) in ileum and significantly improved the expression levels of occludin and IkappaBalpha, and decreased the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha and 2 alpha (HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha), Toll-like receptors (TLR4), P-IkappaBalpha and nuclear factor-kappaB p65(NF-kappaB P65) in ileum compared to the HH group. This study suggested that vitamin E protectis from intestinal injury caused by high altitude hypoxia environment. These effects may be related to the HIF and TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
Altitude* ; Animals ; Anoxia* ; Erythropoietin ; Heart ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; Ileum ; Interferon-gamma ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4 ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Intestines ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Malondialdehyde ; Occludin ; Oxidoreductases ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Vitamin E* ; Vitamins*

This study compared the efficacy and safety of tiotropium bromide inhalation powder (spiriva) and doxofylline oral tablet (doxofylline) in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-controlled study involved 127 eligible stable moderate to severe COPD patients treated with inhaled tiotropium dry powder (18 μg/day) or oral doxofylline tablets (0.2 g/time, 2 times a day) for 12 and 24 weeks. Before and after treatment for 12 weeks and 24 weeks, respectively, pulmonary function, 6-min walking distance and dyspnea index were recorded. The results showed that in both tiotropium group and doxofylline groups, after 12-week treatment, FEV(1), FEV(1)/FVC% and 6-min walk distance were significantly higher than those before the medication, while dyspnea index decreased as compared with that before treatment. After 24-week treatment, a slight improvement in the measures was observed as compared with that of 12-weeks treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant. With both 12-week and 24-week treatment, the effect of tiotropium was slightly better than that of doxofylline tablets, with the difference being statistically insignificant. The major adverse events in the tiotropium group and doxofylline group were observed in 9 cases (9.9%) and 12 cases (12.9%), respectively, and no statistically significant difference was found between them. We are led to conclude that both tiotropium at 18 μg a day and doxofylline tablets at 0.2 g/day (two times a day) are effective and safe for the treatment of COPD.