AIMTo propose a novel polarographic method for the determination of acetylspiramycin (ASPM) is proposed.

METHODSIn 0.1 mol x L(-1) NH4Cl-NH3 x H2O (pH 8.9) buffer containing dissolved oxygen, ASPM yielded a sensitive parallel catalytic hydrogen wave with the peak potential of -1.63 V (vs SCE) by single sweep polarography.

RESULTSThe 2nd order derivative peak currents (i(p)") of the parallel catalytic hydrogen waves of ASPM showed a linear relationship with its concentrations in the range from 1.74 x 10(-3) microg x mL(-1) to 3.84 microg x mL(-1) (r = 0.9979, n=13). Its detection limit was 5.80 x l0(-4) microg x mL(-1) (3sigma) and RSD (n=13) was 1.24% at the concentration level of 0.871 microg x mL(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe proposed method could be applied to the determination of ASPM in ASPM tablets.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; Catalysis ; Hydrogen ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oxygen ; chemistry ; Polarography ; methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spiramycin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Tablets

Poly(β-amino esters) (PBAE) are used for drug carrier and have many advantages, such as pH-sensitivity, low toxicity, structural diversity and the synthetic method of PBAE is easy. Therefore they are possessed broad application prospect in tumor-targeted drugs delivery systems. In this paper, the structural features and target drugs delivery property of PBAE are reviewed. The application forms of PBAE and different anti-cancer drugs loaded in the copolymer for tumor-targeted drugs delivery systems are introduced particularly.

Objective:To assess clinical efficacy of micro-punch combined with electron beam radiation for the treatment of keloids on the lower jaw.Methods:Clinical data were collected from 36 patients with keloids on the lower jaw, who received micro-punch combined with electron beam radiation at Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University from January 2018 to January 2019, and analyzed retrospectively. There were 16 males and 20 females, with an average age of 23.80 years and a median disease duration of 32 months. The severity of keloids was evaluated before and 12 months after operation. A paired t test was used to compare keloid severity scores before and after treatment. Results:All of the 36 patients experienced primary wound healing. The keloid severity score was 7.11 ± 1.46 before operation, and significantly decreased to 2.33 ± 0.47 at 12 months after operation ( t=13.85, P=0.008) . Twelve months after the treatment, 15 patients were cured, 17 showed marked improvement, and 4 showed no response or experienced recurrence within 12 months after treatment, with a response rate of 88.89%. Conclusion:Micro-punch combined with electron beam radiation is effective for the treatment of keloids on the lower jaw.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) combined with type Ⅱ collagen-hyaluronic acid-oxidized chondroitin sulfate (Col Ⅱ-HA-OCS) biomimetic hydrogel to repair articular cartilage defect in porcine and the role of the transplanted cells played in the process of cartilage repair.Methods A articular cartilage defect model which remaining cartilage calcified zone was created in the knee of Bama minipigs,the autologous BMSCs was used as seeds for transplantation and was labeled by the 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFDA SE).Animals were randomly divided into three groups:Group A (blank group) was left untreated,group B (cell-free biomimetic hydrogel group) was filled with biomimetic hydrogel and group C (BMSCs combined with biomimetic hydrogel group) was filled with the CFDA SE labeled autologous BMSCs combined with biomimetic hydrogel.One month after the operation,BrdU labeled liquid was injected intravenously into the animals 24 h and 48 h before specimens were taken from the executed animals.Partial cartilage repaired tissue in Group C was taken,cryosectioned and stained with DAPI and BrdU immunofluorescence.Confocal laser scanning microscope was used to observe and count the cells.Specimens of the three groups were analyzed through gross observation and histological staining,and scored according to the international cartilage repair society (ICRS) gross morphological score and ICRS histological score.Results Laser scanning confocal microscopy showed (97.3 ± 2.6) ％ of the cells were derived from the implanted BMSCs in repaired tissue and that the ratio of these cells with proliferative capacity was (76.6 ± 2.5) ％.Gross observation suggested most of the cartilage defect areas in Group C were filled with ivory tissue,but those in Group A and B were still obvious depression.Histological staining showed the cartilage defect areas in Group C were filled with cartilage like tissue,which was well integrated with the surrounding normal cartilage,presented a few cartilage lacunas could be seen,and had contents of Col Ⅱ and glycosaminoglycan similar with the adjacent normal cartilage.There was almost no filler in the defect area in Group A.There was little fibrous tissue in the defect area in Group B.ICRS gross score was (8.3 ± 1.0) points in Group C,higher than that in Group A [(0.5 ± 0.6) points] and Group B [(2.3 ± 0.5) points] (P ＜ 0.05).ICRS histological score was (10.3 ± 2.4) points in Group C,higher than that in Group A [(0.5 ± 0.6) points] and Group B [(4.5 ± 1.0) points] (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions BMSCs combined with Col Ⅱ-HA-OCS biomimetic hydrogel for repairing porcine articular cartilage defects can achieve satisfactory results.Implanted BMSCs are the main component of the cell composition in the repaired tissue and gradually differentiated into chondrocytes.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the protein expression of CD133, CD117, and Ki-67 in human osteosarcoma tissues and explore their relationships with the clinico-pathological features and risk of osteosarcoma. Methods:Immunohistochemical method was used to examine the protein expression of CD133, CD117, and Ki-67 gene in the paraffin specimens of 55 and 20 cases of osteosarcoma and osteochondroma, respectively. SPSS17.0 statistical software was used to explore the relationships among the expressions of CD133, CD117, and Ki-67 gene and the biological behavior and prognosis of osteosarcoma. Test criterion:P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The positive expression rates of CD133, CD117, and Ki-67 were significantly higher in the osteosarcoma tissues than in the benign osteochondroma tissues, and the differences were significant (P=0.016, P=0.008, and P<0.001, respectively). The mean survival and metastasis time were shorter in the CD133 or Ki-67 positively expressed osteosarcoma patients than in those with CD133 or Ki-67 negatively expressed osteosarcoma. The differences were significant (P<0.05). The expression of CD133 and Ki-67, surgical staging, and distal metastasis were relevant to the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. The expression of CD133 and distal metastasis are the independent risk factors that affect the prognosis of these patients. Conclusion:The positive expressions of CD133 and Ki-67 closely correlated with the occurrence and progression of osteosarcoma, and may be used as an indicator for prognosis of the cancer.

Objective To investigate the possible mechanism of glomerular injury in diabetes mellitus by determining whether epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is caused by high glucose in mice podocytes. Methods Using mice glomerular podocyte cell line as an in vitro system, podocytes were incubated with glucose(12.5 mmol/L, 25 mmol/L, 50 mmol/L) and mannitol (50 mmol/L) for 36 hours. Then the cells were collected and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA), fibronectin (FN), CD2 associated protein (CD2AP) and Wilms' tumor 1 gene (WT-1) was detected by Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence staining. Results Under low glucose (5.6 mmol/L) and mannitol (50 mmol/L) condition, there were high expression of CD2AP and WT-1, and low expression of α-SMA and FN in mice podocytes. After 36 hours treatment with high glucose (12.5 mmol/L), the expression of α-SMA and FN in podocytes was significantly increased, and the expression of α-SMA and FN was further up-regulated with the increase of glucose dosage (25, 50 mmol/L). The indirect immunofluorescence staining revealed the similar result, and the percentage of positive α-SMA cells was also increased compared with low glucose and mannital group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, Western blot showed that high glucose could down-regulate the expressions of CD2AP and WT-1 in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion EMT may be a potential pathway leading to podocyte dysfunction and glomerular injury under high glucose conditions.

Objective:To compare various data of open pyeloplasty,laparoscopic pyeloplasty and en-dopyelotomy as a treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction(UPJO),and to investigate and discuss the feasibility and effect of the three methods.Methods:In the study,109 cases of UPJO treated by dif-ferent surgical approaches in Peking University People’s Hospital from January 2004 to December 2014 were retrospectively investigated.The patients were divided into three groups according to the treatment they received:open peyloplasty group (32 cases),laparoscopic peyloplasty group (31 cases)and en-dopyelotomy group (46 cases).We compared the data of the operative time,intraoperative blood loss, perioperative complications and post-operative hospital stay among the three groups.The mean follow-up time was(51.9 ±40.1 )months (6 -132 months).Results:None of the laparoscopic peyloplties was converted to open peyloplasty.All endpyelotomies were successfully completed.The operative time was as follows:laparoscopic peyloplasty group (195.97 ±55.22)min,open peyloplasty group (121.19 ± 33.95)min and endopyelotomy group (74.04 ±33.95 )min,and there were significant differences among the three groups respectively(P <0.001 ).There was no significant difference on the operative blood loss between open peyloplasty group and laparoscopic peyloplasty group (P =0.163).The opera-tive blood loss of endopyelotomy group was 5(0,310)mL,which was lower than the other two groups,and this result had significant differences with the other two groups respectively(P <0.001).There were sig-nificant differences on the post-operative hospital stay (days)among open peyloplasty group,laparoscopic peyloplasty group and endopeylotomy group (P <0.05,respectively).The success rate was comparable between open peyloplasty group and laparoscopic peyloplasty group(93.8% vs.90.3%,P =0.672), while the endopeylotomy group had a lower success rate compared with both open surgery group and laparo-scopic group(69.6% vs.93.8%,P =0.01;69.6% vs.90.3%,P =0.048,respectively).The complica-tion rates of open peyloplasty group,laparoscopic peyloplasty group and endopeylotomy group were compa-rable(15.6%,16.1% and 13.0%,respectively,P >0.05).Conclusion:The laparoscopic peyloplasty group had a longer operative time than open peyloplasty group,while its post-operative stay was shorter. There was no significant difference on the operative blood loss between open peyloplasty group and laparo-scopic peyloplasty group.Although the success rate of endopyelotomy was lower than those of the other two groups,it had advantages over the aspect of operative time,operative blood loss and post operative stay.

Objective To investigate the CT features of nodular or mass-like type pulmonary cryptococcosis(PC). Methods A total of 52 cases with nodular or mass-like type PC confirmed by pathological examinations at Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital of Fujian from January 2008 to December 2012 were studied. Each patient underwent a breath-hold MSCT scan and contrast enhanced CT was performed in 19 patients. The data including lesion size, number, distribution, density, performance of enhanced CT scan and accompanying signs were analyzed. Each CT accompanying sign was compared between nodular lesions and mass-like lesions using χ2 test,continuous correction χ2 test or Fisher exact test. Results Of all the 52 patients, pulmonary cryptococcosis was consisted single nodules/masses (21 cases) and multiple of nodules/masses (31 cases). There were total 206 lesions with 172 nodules and 34 masses. The lesions were mainly found in lower lobe(73.3%, 151/206)and outer zone or subpleura(87.4%, 180/206)of lung. Plain CT scan showed the densities of most lesions were solid and uniform(74.7%, 154/206). A total of 95 lesions were detected in the 19 patients with contrast enhanced CT, in which 61 lesions (64.2%) showed homogeneous enhancement and 86 lesions (90.5%) showed moderate enhancement. Nodular or mass-like lesions accompanied by many CT signs including halo sign (59.2%, 122/206), air bronchogram (32.0%, 66/206), pulmonary cavity or vocule sign (15.0%, 31/206), lobulation sign (25.2%, 52/206), spicule sign (13.1%, 27/206), pleural indentation(7.8%, 16/206) and vascular cluster (1.9%, 4/206). Compared with mass-like lesions, lobulation sign was more frequently observed in nodular lesions(χ2=13.750, P=0.001), whereas air bronchogram and pulmonary cavity orvocule sign were less frequently observed(χ2=19.957, P=0.001; χ2=5.295, P=0.021, respectively). No significant statistically differences were detected in other CT signs between them (P>0.05). Conclusions PC lesions usually occur in right lung, lower lobe and close to the pleura. Halo sign and air bronchogram are the characteristic findings of CT manifestations in nodular or mass-like type PC.

Objective To study the process of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) inclusion techniques for osthol. Methods The inclusion complex of osthol and HP-β-CD was prepared by unsaturated water solution and freeze-drying technique. Inclusion techniques were selected by screening on quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design method, and the entrapment efficiency was identified by HPLC. Results The optimal technical conditions were as follows:the ratio of HP-β-CD and drug was 4.5∶1;temperature for electric mixer was 35 ℃;the stirring time for thermostatic waterbath was 210 min. Conclusion This method is reasonable and it may have a prosperous future of development and application.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the therapeutic effect of transpedicular instrumentation without fusion on patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures.METHODS:A total of 63 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures (the inclusion criteria was neurologically intact spine with a kyphotic angle >20° and/or decreased anterior vertebral body height > 50%) who were treated with transpedicular instrumentation without fusion were studied,including 40 cases treated by AF internal fixation,16 cases by Tennor screw-rod fixation system and 7 cases by Diapason screw-rod fixation.All patients underwent a radiological and clinical assessment (including the loss of kyphotic angle,decreased anterior vertebral body height,the midsagital diameter of the canal and the Low Back Outcome Score) preoperatively,postoperatively and after 24 months.The deformity of angulation was measured by Cobb angle.RESULTS:All pstients were followed for a 24 months,with average stay of 13.4 days.There were averaged 3.8 days from admitted to operation,and the internal fixation was removed within 8-12 months in 51 cases,followed a 9.4-day hospital stay.According to low back outcome score,46 patients achieved excellent,9 good,5 fair and 3 poor,with excellent and good rates of 88%.The Cobb's angle was 20.1° preoperatively,6.2° postoperatively,and 11.9° after 24 months.The average lose of anterior vertebral body height was changed from 49.1% preoperatively to 17.4% postoperatively,which was 20.4% after 24 months.The midsagittal diameters was 49.8% (n=63) preoperatively,78.1% (n=28) postoperatively,and 91.7% (n=25) after 24 months.The implant failure occurred in 5 patients.The radiographic parameters had no associativity to the outcome of LBOS.CONCLUSION:Transpedicular instrumentation without fusion is conductive to treating burst fractures of the thoracolumbar spine without nerve injury.The routine posterior or posterolateral fusion is unnecessary in the operative management of these fractures.