Despite different opinions on its definition and classification in the past,a consensus has gradually been reached regarding the na-ming,classification,and clinical diagnosis of liver failure.The classification of liver failure is described,and the definition and natural his-tory of severe exacerbation of hepatitis B are summarized.Antiviral treatment and artificial liver support in the early stage are beneficial for clinical outcomes and prognosis.

Objective To study the influence of elicitors on growth and baicalin biosynthesis in hairy root of Scutellaria baicalensis(HRSB).Methods The elicitors from the solution of Ca2+,Mg2+,Co2+ and fungal elicitors extracted from Aspergillus niger,A.oryzae,and Armillaria mellea were cocultivated with HRSB and the content of baicalin was determined by HPLC.Results Every elicitor has different influences on the growth and baicalin biosynthesis.When the concentration of A.niger was 40 mg/L,A.oryzae was 20 mg/L,and the Co2+ is 1.53?10-4 mmol/L,the content of baicalin increased respectively to 9.18%,8.81%,and 8.62%.Conclusion Elicitors could improve some specific secondary metabolic synthesis.The test implies that the elicitors of A.niger,A.oryzae,and Co2+ could effectively improve the synthesis of baicalin.

Fatigue not only affects people′s lives and work, but also causes diseases .Numerous studies have shown that some phytochemicals can promote body energy metabolism and regeneration , improve physical condition , resist fatigue growth and accelerate fatigue alleviation .This paper reviewed the recent research progress , domestic and overseas , in the anti-fatigue effect of phytochemicals .

At present,the medical profession generally acknowledged the best way to treat osteosarcoma is gene therapy,which includes tumor suppressor gene therapy,antisense gene therapy,suicide gene therapy,immune gene therapy,combined gene therapy,etc.But no matter what kind of gene therapy is that the gene must have a safe carrier.Gene therapy has made a breakthrough in osteosarcoma recently.On the basis of widespread use,we should emphasize the importance of gene vectors.

Objective To enhance and improve the accuracy of data,security of system and user friendliness of on-line editing system processing ancient TCM books.Methods Web and java technology were applied to implement and demonstrate the key algorithm.Results In these solutions,pictures could be watermarked,on-line editing was supported,picture-naming was standardized with 7-characters,multi-user on-line editing was available,etc.The ancient TCM books on-line editing system became more practical,effective and user-friendly.Conclusion The solutions mentioned above have achieved the expected effects in digitalization research of ancient TCM books,showing its feasibility and practicability.

AIM:The method of HPLC was established for the analysis of fingerprint of Compound Danshen Tablet (Radix et Rhizoma Salvial miltiorrhizal,Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng,Borneolum Syntheticum) and the determination of its main components. METHODS:The fingerprint chromatograms of liposoluble constituents of Compound Danshen Tablet were set up and its main components of 10 batches were determined. RESULTS:The fingerprint chromatograms were simulated with mean method and the analysis of different batches of Compound Danshen Tablet was made after the analysis of the fingerprint chromatograms from different groups of Compound Danshen Tablet. The similarities which were proved to be higher than 0.99 were calculated with the help of The Similarity Calculation Soft of Fingerprint Chromatography of Traditional Chinese Medicin. CONCLUSION:This method is accurate and provides a scientific basis for controlling the quality of Compound Danshen Tablet.

Objective To study the adriamycin nephrosis model in different development pathological stages. Methods The rat adriamycin nephrosis model was established by injecting adriamycin into tail-vein twice every two weeks to detect blood and urina biochemical indicators and to observe the pathological changes of the renal tissues. Results The model showed serious edema,proteinuria,hypoproteinemia,and hyperlipidemia. Podocytes were swollen and mesangial cells developed mild hyperplasia at the end of the fourth week. The nephric tubule atrophied at the end of the eighth week accompanied with adhesion between glomeruli and Bowman's capsule. Glomeruli sclerosis of mild or medium degree was observed at the end of the twelfth week with obvious lymphocyte infiltration in the renal interstitium as well as the formation of collagen fibers. Conclusion The adriamycin nephrosis model was successfully developed by injecting adriamycin 4 mg/kg into tail-vein twice every two weeks. The acute model is similar to human minimal change disease,and the chronic model is similar to human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of oxidative stress on homocysteine and related amino acids metabolism in methionine-loading BRL rat hepatocytes.Methods Cultured BRL rat hepatocytes were divided into control and oxidatively stressed group(100 μmol/L H2O2 was added in culture medium for 2 hours),methionine group(50 mmol/L methionine was added in culture medium for 1 hour),and oxidatively stressed + methionine group(100 μmol/L H2O2 was added in culture medium for 2 hours + 50 mmol/L methionine was added in culture medium for 1 hour).At the end of the experiment,culture fluid was collected.Homocysteine,cysteine,and glutathione were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography,and amino acids were assayed by amino acids analyzer.Results Compared with the control group,the contents of homocysteine[(3.76 ± 0.22)vs.(1.54±0.05)μmol/L,P=0.000]and cysteine[(199.80 ±8.75)vs.(99.11 ±2.47)μmol/L,P=0.000]significantly increased in methionine group,and the contents of homocysteine[(3.84 ± 0.34)vs.(1.54 ±0.05)μmol/L,P=0.000]and cysteine[(200.66±8.60)vs.(99.11 ±2.47)μ mol/L,P=0.000]also increased in oxidatively stressed + methionine group.Compared with oxidatively stressed group,the concentrations of homocysteine[(3.76 ± 0.22)vs.(1.67 ± 0.13)μmol/L,P =0.000],cysteine[(199.80 ± 8.75)vs.(82.64±15.88)μmol/L,P=0.000],and glutathione[(1.50 ±0.14)vs.(1.00 ±0.11)μ mol/L,P=0.011)]significantly increased in methionine group,and the concentrations of homocysteine[(3.84 ± 0.34)vs.(1.67±0.13)μmol/L,P=0.000],cysteine[(200.66±8.60)vs.(82.64±15.88)μmol/L,P=0.000]and glutathione[(1.40 ± 0.30)vs.(1.00 ± 0.11)μmol/L,P =0.028]significantly increased in oxidatively stressed + methionine groups.Compared with the control group,the contents of serine[(12.41 ± 1.51)vs.(24.00 ±2.54)mg/L,P =0.000],glutamate[(33.31 ±0.17)vs.(43.10 ±0.52)mg/L,P =0.000]and glycine[(6.23 ± 0.18)vs.(24.66 ± 10.87)mg/L,P =0.000]significantly decreased,while taurine [(7.99 ±0.16)vs.(6.17 ±0.15)mg/L,P =0.000]increased significantly in oxidatively stressed group.Compared with the oxidatively stressed group,the concentrations of serine[(16.98 ± 0.39)vs.(12.41 ± 1.51)mg/L,P=0.006)]and glutamate[(35.44 ±0.82)vs.(33.31 ±0.17)mg/L,P =0.002]in methionine group significantly increased,while taurine[(3.77 ±0.16)vs.(7.99 ±0.16)mg/L,P =0.000]significantly decreased in methionine group.Compared with the methionine group,the contents of serine[(12.59 ± 0.66)vs.(16.98±0.39)mg/L,P=0.008],glutamate[(30.87±0.60)vs.(35.44±0.82)mg/L,P=0.000]significantly decreased while taurine[(4.37 ± 0.12)vs.(3.77 ± 0.16)mg/L,P =0.001]in oxidatively stressed + methionine group significantly increased.Conclusion Oxidative stress can somehow promote homocysteine production in methionine loading BRL rat hepatocytes,but it is not the main effects.

Objective To investigate podocyte number, the expression of nephrin and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in adriamycin-induced-nephropathy rat model and its significance. Methods The rat adriamycin nephrosis model was constructed to detect blood and urine biochemical indicators and observe the pathological changes of renal tissues by light microscope and electron microscope. The expression levels of nephrin and TGF-β1 as well as the podocyte number were examined at different time points by immunohistochemistry. Results The pathological changes of the renal tissues were obvious. Nephrin presented a weak signal at the end of the first week (P<0.05). TGF-β1 started to increase (P<0.05) while the podocyte number started to decrease at the end of the eighth week (P<0.05). Expression of nephrin was negatively correlated with the P<0.05) and serum creatinine (r=-0.71, P<0.05). Expression of TGF-β1 was blood urea nitrogen (r=0.62, P<0.05) and serum creatinine (r=0.59, urinary protein (r=-0.63, P<0.05), blood urea nitrogen (r=-0.72, P<0.05) and serum creatinine (r=-0.76, P<0.05); it was positively correlated with nephrin (r=0.78, P<0.01) but negatively correlated with TGF-β1 (r=-0.64, P<0.05). Conclusion The acute and chronic adriamycin nephrosis models were twice every two weeks. The genesis and development of proteinuria are closely related to the abnormal expression of nephrin. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis occurs when the podocyte number decreases and TGF-β1 accelerates it.

Objective To investigate podocyte number,the expression of nephrin and transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1) in adriamycin-induced-nephropathy rat model and its significance.Methods The rat adriamycin nephrosis model was constructed to detect blood and urine biochemical indicators and observe the pathological changes of renal tissues by light microscope and electron microscope.The expression levels of nephrin and TGF-?1 as well as the podocyte number were examined at different time points by immunohistochemistry.Results The pathological changes of the renal tissues were obvious.Nephrin presented a weak signal at the end of the first week(P