Objective To explore of the color Doppler ultrasound diagnosed choledocholithiasis.Methods 100 cases with choledocholithiasis diagnosed by color ultrasonography and cholangiography were analysed retrospectively.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy and the inspection time of two methods were compared.Results 90 cases were diagnosed after operation,90％ in 100 patients.The diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasound was 88 cases,2 false negative cases,no false positive.The diagnostic accuracy of cholangiography was 87 cases,3 false negative cases,2 false positive cases.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of two groups were not statistically significant (x2 =0.23,1.25,0.57,P ＞ 0.05).The inspection time of color ultrasound was 12 ～ 28 min,the average inspection time was (16.57 ±4.12)min.The inspection time of cholangiography was 12 ～37min,the average inspection time was (21.09 ± 6.24) min.The inspection times of two ways were statistically significant (t =6.53,P ＜ 0.05).Followed up between 5 months and 2 years,there was no residual gallstone patients.Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive,safe,time-saving,simple,good repeatability,high successful rate,for common bile duct stones in the main examination methods.

[Summary] Serum cystatin C levels were measured by microparticle enhanced turbidimetry in 114 type 2diabetic patients without retinopathy (group A) and 105 type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy (group B),as well as 47 normal healthy individuals as controls (group NC).The results showed that the serum cystatin C level of group B was much higher than those of group NC and group A (P＜0.05).However,there was no difference in serum cystatin C level between group NC and group A.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that serum levels of cystatin C and cholesterol,and systemic blood pressure were independent risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients (all P＜0.05),suggesting that detection of serum cystatin C level may play an important role in early diagnosis and prevention of diabetic retinopathy.

Objective To study the influence of elicitors on growth and baicalin biosynthesis in hairy root of Scutellaria baicalensis(HRSB).Methods The elicitors from the solution of Ca2+,Mg2+,Co2+ and fungal elicitors extracted from Aspergillus niger,A.oryzae,and Armillaria mellea were cocultivated with HRSB and the content of baicalin was determined by HPLC.Results Every elicitor has different influences on the growth and baicalin biosynthesis.When the concentration of A.niger was 40 mg/L,A.oryzae was 20 mg/L,and the Co2+ is 1.53?10-4 mmol/L,the content of baicalin increased respectively to 9.18%,8.81%,and 8.62%.Conclusion Elicitors could improve some specific secondary metabolic synthesis.The test implies that the elicitors of A.niger,A.oryzae,and Co2+ could effectively improve the synthesis of baicalin.

The strength and endurance of quadriceps and hamstring muscles have been considered important in sports injury prevention and causation. The purpose of this study was to determine the isokinetic strength and endurance of those muscles of 54 elite male athletes (mean age 21.6 years) and 35 healthy males served as a control group (mean age 20.1 years) using a Cybex Ⅱ~+ system. Three testing speeds (60?/sec, 180?/sec and 240?/sec) were selected.The results indicated that the strength values of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles were significantlly higher in athletes than that in the control group (P

Objective To observe the effect of preoperative intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IVR) on the operation duration of vitrectomy and postoperative vision for the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).Methods A prospective study was carried out with the 90 PDR patients (90 eyes) who underwent vitrectomy.The 90 patients(90 eyes)were assigned to the vitrectomy only group(43 eyes) and the IVR combined with vitrectomy group (47 eyes).The IVR was performed 5-13 days prior to vitrectomy in the IVR combined with vitrectomy group.There were 15 eyes with fibrous proliferation PDR (FPDR),16 eyes with advanced PDR (APDR) without involving the macular and 16 eyes with APDR involving the macular in the vitrectomy only group.There were 14 eyes with FPDR,15 eyes with APDR without involving the macular and 14 eyes with APDR involving the macular patients in the IVR combined with vitrectomy group.All the eyes in the two groups were regularly operated by the same doctor to complete the vitrectomy.The start and end time of vitrectomy were recorded.The average follow-up time was 10 months.The changes of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and 1,3 and 6 months after surgery were compared between the two groups.Results The duration of operation of the FPDR type (t=-8.300) and the APDR involving the macular type (t=-2.418) in the IVR combined with vitrectomy group was shorter than vitrectomy only group (P＜0.05).The comparison of duration of operation of the APDR without involving the macular type in the two groups has no statistically significant difference (t=-1.685,P＞0.05).At 1 month after surgery,the comparison of BCVA of the IVR combined vitrectomy group and the vitrectomy only group in APDR involving the macular type has no statistically significant difference (t=0.126,P＞0.05).At 3,6 months after surgery,the BCVA of the IVR combined vitrectomy group in APDR involving the macular type was significantly better than the BCVA of the vitrectomy only group (t=8.014,7.808;P＜0.05).At 1,3,and 6 months after surgery,the BCVA of the IVR combined vitrectomy group in FPDR type (t=3.809,1.831,0.600) and APDR without involving the macular type (t=0.003,1.092,3.931) compared with pre-treatment,the difference were not statistically significant (P＞0.05);the BCVA in APDR without involving the macular type compared with pre-treatment,the difference was distinctly statistically significant (t=2.940,4.162,6.446;P＜0.05);the BCVA in APDR involving the macular type (t =0.953,1.682,1.835) compared with pre-treatment,the difference were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion Preoperative IVR of PDR can shorten the operation duration and improve the BCVA of APDR involving the macular type.

Objective To discuss a simple and effective method of medial epicanthoplasty with the subcilliary incision, which can decrease the visible scar. Methods From January of 2007 to De-cember of 2008, 38 patients with epicanthal fold underwent epicanthoplasty using the new method. During the operation a skin incision was subcilliarily made outward from the original medial epican-thus. After elevating the flap and excising the orbicularis oculi muscle beneath the epieanthal fold, the new medial epicanthus was sutured to the designed point. Then subciliary incision was trimmed and sutured. Results Most of the patients obtained satisfactory results. Only one patient complained a-bout visible scarring and none required revision surgery. Scarring was avoided on the noticeable medial canthal region because the only incisions needed were subciliary incisions. Conclusions This method is simple to design and easy to perform. The operative results are effective without visible scars on the medial canthal region.

AIM: To investigate the effects of prenatal stress (PS) on neurons and neuronal ultrastructure of hippocampus in offspring rats, and to explore the role of the overproduction of oxidants. METHODS: One month male offspring rats were obtained to observe the neuronal number, neuronal ultrastructure and the number of nNOS -positive cell in hippocampus. RESULTS: The neuronal number of CA1 and CA4 subregions in late gestation stress (LS) offspring decreases significantly. The neuronal ultrastructure of CA1 subregion in MS (stress in 7-13 days of gestation) and LS offspring appeared bulgy mitochondria, unclear membrane and irregular electron density. Lipofuscin pigments increased; The number of nNOS-positive cell in CA1, CA2, CA3 subregions and DG of MS group and the whole hippocampus of LS group increased significantly. CONCLUSION: PS damaged the neurons and neuronal ultrastructure of hippocampus of offspring rats. The damages were associated with the overproduction of oxidants.

In vivo imaging system (IVIS) is a new and rapidly expanding technology, which has a wide range of applications in life science such as cell tracing. By counting the number of photons emitted from a specimen, IVIS can quantify biological events such as tumor growth. We used B16F10-luc-G5 tumor cells and 20 Babl/C mice injected subcutaneously with B16F10-luc-G5 tumor cells (1x10(6) in 100 muL) to develop a method to quantitatively analyze cells traced by IVIS in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The results showed a strong correlation between the number of tumor cells and the intensity of bioluminescence signal (R (2)=0.99) under different exposure conditions in in vitro assay. The results derived from the in vivo experiments showed that tumor luminescence was observed in all mice by IVIS at all days, and there was significant difference (P<0.01) between every two days from day 3 to day 14. Moreover, tumor dynamic morphology could be monitored by IVIS when it was invisible. There was a strong correlation between tumor volume and bioluminescence signal (R (2)=0.97) by IVIS. In summary, we demonstrated a way to accurately carry out the quantitative analysis of cells using IVIS both in vitro and in vivo. The data indicate that IVIS can be used as an effective and quantitative method for cell tracing both in vitro and in vivo.

In order to synthetically train students to do scientific researches independently,inspire their enthusiasm and go-aheadism about study,and improve the quality of experimental teaching,we have been exploring to update experimental content and reform experimental system for many years,and have commenced a number of "Series Experiments".The setup of"Series Experiments" which means several separate experiments are organized together by their internal relations has already showed us a favorable effect.

Objective To investigate the effects of hydrogen-rich medium on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of inflammatory cytokines from murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells.Methods The RAW264.7cells were cultured in DMEM culture medium containing 10％ fetal bovine serum.The cells were seeded in 6-well plates (3 ml/hole) with a density of 2 × 106/ml and randomly divided into 4 groups (n =24 each):control group (group A),hydrogen-rich medium group (group B),LPS group (group C) and LPS + hydrogen-rich medium group (group D).Group A received no treatment.LPS 1 μg/ml was added to the medium in groups C and D,while the cells were incubated with 0.6 mmol/L hydrogen-rich medium simultaneously in groups B and D.Six wells in each group were chosen at 6,12.24 and 48 h of incubation,and the supernatant was collected to detect the concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-10.Six wells in each group were chosen at 6 and 12 h of incubation for determination of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in the cells by Western blot.Results Compared with group A,the concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-10 in the supernatant were significantly increased,and the expression of HO-1 was up-regulated in group C (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group C,the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in the supernatant were significantly decreased,the concentration of IL-10 in the supernatant was significantly increased,and the expression of HO-1 was up-regulated in group D (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Hydrogen-rich medium can inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promote the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines from RAW264.7 cells via up-regulating HO-1 expression.