For studyine the disturbance of energy metabolism in erythrocyte membrane of Down's syndrome, G3PD was analysed. It was found that G3PD activity and the ATPpromoted releasing rate of G3PD were increased significantly, but no significant increase was fonud in protein of G3PD by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results suggested Down's syndrome showed abnormality of energy metabolism in erythrocyte membrane.

AIM To study the effect l-menthol pretreated nasal cavity on insulin pharmacological bioavailability(PBA). METHODS To set up diabetic rats model,nasal cavities were pretreated with l-menthol for two hours,insulin was dripped, blood glucose concentrations of different time were determined,and the area over the curve (AOC) and pharmacological bioavailability(PBA) were calculated. RESULTS After rats nasal cavity was pretreated with different concentrations l-menthol, nasal cavity absorption of insulin markedly increased between 2 h and 3 h,and PBA of insulin nasal cavity absorption increased respectively 5.77,7.00 and 3.12 times than control group. CONCLUSION l-Menthol promotes the nasal cavity absorption of insulin.

AIM: To study the effects of l-menthol and its binary systems on percutaneous penetration and deposit effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). METHODS: Percutaneous absorption experiment was performed on the apparatus of isolated skin, penetrated amounts of different times of 5-FU were determined, the cumulate penetrated amounts and permeation rates and increased permeation times were calculated, and the deposit effect of 5-FU was investigated. RESULTS: L-menthol of different concentrations could significantly enhance the percutaneous penetration of 5-FU, its increased permeation times were 1.25 and 1.45 and 1.37 times respectively,and the action of 5-FU with 2% l-menthol was the strongest. 5-FU with 2% and 4% l-menthol had a marked deposit effect. When some kinds of enhancers were used alone or combined with l-menthol, the percutaneous penetration of 5-FU had a significantly increase. CONCLUSION: L-menthol and its binary systems can markedly promote the percutaneous penetration and the deposit effect of 5-FU.

0.05). ②Therapeutic study: The Mankin's score of OA group was higher than high or low SmCCⅡ group (6.96?1.02), (3.08?0.45), (4.00?0.94) respectively, P 0.05). CONCLUSION: SmCCⅡ can delay the degradation of articular cartilage of OA rats and maybe effective for OA prevention or treatment. The mechanism maybe related to SmCCⅡ reducing the synthesis of MMP-13, MMP-9 and Cath K at transcriptional level.

Objective] To explore the clinical experience of Ma Weiming in the treatment of insomnia.[Method] By following the teacher clinic, the author summarizes chief physician Ma Weiming’s academic experience of treatment of insomnia with classical prescriptions. [Results] In Ma Weiming's opinion, everything harasses the heart, mind vacillation, inducing liver ’s function of storing soul abnormal, the spirit restless is due to insomnia with much dream. So teacher Ma pays attention to “dream diagnosis”.The treatment of insomnia must be combined with heart and liver, making the mind quiet and the liver comfortable. He likes using flowers to balance Qi. In Ma Weiming's opinion, collaterals are invaded by prolonged illness, due to blood stasis. The treatment should use insect drugs to dispell wind and remove obstruction in the meridians, purifying orifices, promoting sleep. [Conclusion] According to the etiology of insomnia to distinguish among different dreams, teacher Ma uses classical prescriptions and combines with his own unique clinical experience on treating insomnia, which has significant effect and worth generalizing.

Objective To explore the effect of flexible ureteroscope holmium laser treatment on segment kid-ney stones and ureter.Methods 100 cases with stone were randomly divided into two groups according to the digital table method.The control group received puncture percutaneous nephrolithotomy lithotomy,the observation group was treated with flexible ureteroscope holmium laser surgery.The surgical time,hospital stay,surgical removal rates and adverse events were observed.Results The operation time[(46.12 ±11.34) min],hospital stay[(5.34 ± 1.67)d],surgical removal rate(92.00%) and adverse reaction rate (14.00%) of the observation group were better than the control group (t=4.21,2.98,4.53,χ2 =3.97,all P<0.05).Conclusion Flexible ureteroscope holmium laser surgery in the treatment of renal and ureteral calculi can get better treatment.

BACKGROUND: Soluble dispersive mixture of domestic chicken collagen type Ⅱ (SmCC Ⅱ ) has been proven to be safe and effective for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment while there are some similar articular cartilage degradation and autoimmune pathogenesis between osteoarthritis (OA) and RA, so it is worth studying whether SmCC Ⅱ is effective for the precaution or treatment of OA.OBJECTIVE: To observe the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of SmCC Ⅱ on rat OA and analyze the concomitant matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) and tissue protease changes in osteoarthritic rats.DESIGN: Randomized and controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.MATERIALS: Totally 258 rats of clean grade and either gender, aged 6 weeks were involved in this experiment. SmCC Ⅱ (white powder, Batch No.00031004) was provided by Professor Ren Geng-Fu from Shanghai Engineering Institute of Herbal Biomedicine. The 20 mg/L and 80 mg/L solution of SmCC Ⅱ effective component were prepared before use.While 0.25% excipient (mannitol, product of Jiangsu Tianyuan Medical Co., Ltd) solution was prepared by 200 g/L mannitol dissolved in sterile saline solution.METHODS: The study was carried out in the Whole Animal Laboratory and Experimental Center, Sixth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University between March 2003 and February 2006. ①Prophylactic study: Totally 132 rats were randomized into 5 groups: OA group (n =36): treated with sterile saline solution orally by a 16G syringe, 1mL/d; Low- and high-dose SmCC Ⅱ groups (n =24, respectively): treated with 20 mg/L and 80 mg/L SmCC Ⅱ solution orally, 1 mL/d;Excipient group (n =24): treated with 2.5g/L mannitol, 1 mL/d. OA models were surgically induced in these 4 groups by Hilth's method; Normal group (n =24): Rats without operation were treated with sterile saline solution orally, 1 mL/d. All the rats were administrated on the day of modeling. ②Therapeutic study: Totally 126 rats were randomized into 5 groups, grouping, administration and rat number in different groups were the same as those in prophylactic study,respectively, except for the n =30 in OA group. In addition, all the rats were adminstrated for 8 weeks since 6 weeks after operation. The knee joints of right hind limb of all the rats were taken off after 1-week treatment. And sample was cut open along coronal incision for use. ③Morphological study of articular cartilage was conducted by HE staining and Mankin score was calculated to evaluate the severity of arthritis, immunohistochemical studies of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, MMP-9 and cathepsin K (Cath K) were carried out by ABC method in situ and the percentage of positive-stained chondrocytes were calculated while the mRNA level for MMP-13, MMP-9, Cath K and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) were determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①The morphological changes of articular cartilage in different groups in prophylactic or therapeutic study.②The level of MMP-13, MMP-9, Cath K and their corresponding mRNA levels.RESULTS: All the 258 rats were involved in the final analysis. ①Prophylactic study: Apparent degeneration appeared in the rats of OA group and the mankin score in OA group was higher than that in high- or low- SmCC Ⅱ groups [(6.44±0.81), (2.75±0.85), (2.70±0.81) points respectively, P ＜ 0.05], the mRNA and positive-stained chondrocyte percentage of MMP-13, MMP-9 and Cath K in OA group was higher than that in high- or low-dose SmCC Ⅱ group, respectively (P ＜0.05-0.01) while the TIMP1mRNA level in OA group was not significantly higher than that in high or low SmCC Ⅱ group (P＞ 0.05). There were no significant changes on the level of MMP-13, MMP-9 and Cath K between excipient and OA group (P ＞ 0.05). ②Therapeutic study: The Mankin's score of OA group was higher than high or low SmCC Ⅱ group [(6.96±1.02), (3.08±0.45), (4.00±0.94) respectively, P ＜ 0.05-0.01] while the mRNA and positive-stained chondrocyte percentage of MMP-13, MMP-9 and Cath K in OA group was higher than that in high- or low-dose SmCC Ⅱ group,respectively (P ＜ 0.05-0.01) while the TIMP1mRNA level in OA group was not significantly higher than that in high- or low-dose SmCC Ⅱ group (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: SmCC Ⅱ can delay the degradation of articular cartilage of OA rats and maybe effective for OA prevention or treatment. The mechanism maybe related to SmCC Ⅱ reducing the synthesis of MMP-13, MMP-9 and Cath K at transcriptional level.

Ningbo City has established a third-party mediation mechanism for medical disputes,attempting to resolve medical disputes by a third party independent of doctors and patients in a fair manner.Such a third party refers to the people's mediation committees for medical disputes and medical disputes compensation centers at various levels.This mechanism features advantages more than one,and has its challenges to address as well.Tasks to perform include study of the existing laws and regulations on compensation,appropriate increase of present compensation level for medical damages,improvement of the medical responsibility insurance mechanism,clarification of the nature of the people's mediation committee,and promotions for an ideal social environment.

Objective:To investigate the effect of synthetic borneol on penetration mechanism of ligustrazine hydrochloride. Methods: Permeation tests in vitro through rabbit skin in two compartment diffusion cells were performed to study the effect of synthetic borneol on transdermal absorption of ligustrazine hydrochloride by changing concentrations of synthetic borneol and rabbit skin condition. Results: Ligustrazine hydrochloride permeation coefficient increased linearly with incerease of concentrations of synthetic borneol, while those through strippde stratum corneum skin were not varied. Synthetic borneol enhanced the deposit functions of whole skin and stripped stratum corneum skin. Conclusions: Synthetic borneol could enhance the percutaneous absorption of ligustrazine hydrochloride, mainly through the stratum corneum, and increase the deposit function.

AIM: To investigate the nasal absorption of ligustrazine and promotion action of synthetic borneol. METHODS: In situ nasal recirculation method was used to study the dose effect relationship of nasal absorption of ligustrazine and the effect of synthetic borneol on nasal absorption of ligustrazine in rats. RESULTS: When the concentrations of ligustrazine were 0.25 , 0.75 ,and 1.25 g?L -1 in circulation liquid, respectively, the corresponding values of the absorption rate constant k were 0.0195 , 0.0227 , and 0.0241 min -1 . However, when the concentrations were 2.5 and 5.0 g?L -1 in circulation liquid, the absorption rate constant k lowered with the concentration being added. CONCLUSION: Ligustrazine can be absorbed through the nasal mucous and synthetic borneol can promote the absorption.