Objective To isolate algicolous fungi from algae and obtain antitumor strains.Methods Selective isolation of algicolous fungi from algae was done,and antitumor activity corresponds to their lethiferous effect on brine shrimp and cytotoxicity against K562 cell was determined.Results 221 strains of algicolous fungi were isolated from 28 algae samples collected from intertidal zones of the Yellow Sea.Eight strains showed lethiferous activity and eight showed cytotoxicity.Conclusion The results indicated that algicolous fungi would be one of the important resources to search for new antitumor compounds.

Objective To find out a PPM-based transcutaneous wireless bidirectional communication system for implantable medical device.Methods The wireless communication system included device implanted in the body,controller and PDA outside the body.Pulse position modulation(PPM) was used for the wireless bidirectional communication between device implanted in the body and controller outside the body.Results A PPM-based transcutaneous wireless communication system was realized.Its wireless bidirectional communication distance between device implanted in the body with titanium container and controller outside the body was over two inches.This system was with good position availability.Conclusion Pulse position modulation is successfully used for transcutaneous wireless communication system,and average power consumption for communication device implanted in the body is lowered greatly compared with ASK modulation method.At the same time,the volume of communication device implanted in the body is decreased for antenna common-using idea.

Objective To study the risk factor and prognosis of concurrent depression in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Two hundred and ninety-five AMI patients who received PCI and whose clinical data were complete were selected. Depression was determined by a self-rating scale (SDS), and was confirmed when SDS standard score≥53 scores. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the ages:senium (age ≥ 60 years, 144 cases) group and younger group (age<60 years, 151 cases). Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors of depression. The patients were followed up for 1 year, and the rehospitalization rate, incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at 12 months were compared. Results The incidence of depression in senium group was significantly higher than that in younger group: 41.7%(60/144) vs. 21.2%(32/151), and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). Female gender, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus were the independent risk factor for depression in patients with AMI after PCI (P<0.05). In senium group, the rehospitalization rate and incidence of MACE in patients with depression were significantly higher than those in patients without depression: 18.3% (11/60) vs. 6.0% (5/84) and 15.0% (9/60) vs. 4.8%(4/84), the LVEF was significantly lower than that in patients without depression:(41.50 ± 2.25)%vs. (49.76 ± 2.93)%, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The LVEF in patients with depression of senium group was significantly lower than that in patients with depression of younger group:(41.50 ± 2.25)%vs. (51.50 ± 2.32)%, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusions The elderly AMI patients treated with PCI have higher rates of depression. Female gender, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are the important risk factor for depression after PCI. Depression has a significant effect on the prognosis of AMI patients, especially on LVEF in elderly patients.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of rosiglitazone on chemokines secretion in renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Cells were divided into four groups: control (CON), LPS (1 mg/L),rosiglitazone (10 μmol/L), rosiglitazone (10 μmol/L) +LPS (1 mg/L). MCP-1 and IL-8 expression was measured using real time PCR and ELISA. PPARγ was knockdown by RNAi to investigate whether the inhibitory effect of rosiglitazone was PPARγ-dependent or -independent. The NF-κB in nucleus was detected by Western blotting. The DNA binding activity of NF-κB was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Results Compared with CON group, the expressions of IL-8 and MCP-1 were increased by (4.30±0.45) and (4.80±1.29) times in mRNA level, (1.39±0.18)and (2.11 ±0.47) times in protein level, respectively, in LPS-stimulated HK-2 cells (P＜0.05).Application of rosiglitazone followed by LPS significantly reduced IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion compared with LPS group (decreasing by 66.37% and 71.88% in mRNA levels, while 41.68% and 47.87% in protein levels) (P＜0.05). In pcDNATM 6.2-GW/EmGFP-miPPARγ transfected cells, IL-8and MCP-1 only were decreased by 18.16% and 16.83% in mRNA level, while 11.39% and 11.86%% in protein level in rosiglitazone pretreated group, showing no significant difference compared with LPS group. Rosiglitazone did not block NF-κB nuclear translocation while significantly inhibiting the DNA binding activity of NF-κB. Conclusions Rosiglitazone inhibits the expressions of MCP-1 and IL-8 via a PPARγ-dependent mechanism in HK-2 cells, resulting from inhibition the DNA binding activity of NF-κB.

Objective To investigate the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting cytoplasmic domain of tissue factor on apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. Methods Specific siRNA targeting cytoplasmic domain of tissue factor were designed, and synthetic oligos were inserted into plasmid DNA. The siRNA constructs were transfected into human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) with liposome. The HUVEC were transfected with the constructs encoding siRNA Ⅰ, siRNA Ⅱ and pcDNA~(TM)6.2 GW/-miR plasmid separately. The transfected HUVEC were mixed with CD8~+ T lymphocytes. The apoptotic rate of tranfected HUVEC mixed with lymphocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry. Magnetic beads were used to measure PT of the supematant in the mixed lymphocytes culture. Results The siRNA constructs were confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. The apoptotic rate of HUVEC transfected with siRNA Ⅰ and Ⅱ plasmids was decreased significantly as compared with the empty control group (P<0.01). The apoptosis rate of HUVEC transfected with siRNA Ⅰ plasmid was lower than that of HUVEC transfected with siRNA Ⅱ plasmid (P<0.05). APTT of the culture supernatants in the three transfection groups was lower in the control groups (P <0.05), but there was significant difference among the three transfection groups. Conclusion The siRNA targeting cytoplasmic domain of tissue factor were successfully constructed, siRNA can protect HUVEC, and reduce the apoptotic rate of endothelial cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction without influencing the coagulation function.

The expression of paired immunoglobin-like receptors A (PIR-A) and B (PIR-B) and their relationship with tolerogenic dendritic cells (T-DC) in mice were investigated. The mouse DCs line, DC2.4 cells were cultured with the recombinant murine interleukin-10 (IL-10) and recombinant human transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) respectively to develop the T-DC and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 48 h to induce the mature dendritic cells (LPS-DC). Special small interfering RNAs (siRNA) molecule for PIR-B was chemically synthesized and transfected into DC2.4 cells (Si-DC) by lip2000. The expression of PIRs on DC2.4 cells were detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), flow cytometry (FCM) and Western blot. Realtime reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (Realtime-PCR) was applied for measurement of PIR-A and CD80, CD86, MHC-II mRNA expression. The allogeneic stimulating capacity of DCs was measured by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) using (3)H-thymidine incorporation test. The concentration of IFN-gamma in supernatants of MLR from distinct groups was analyzed by ELISA. The results showed that PIR positive rate was (28.65+/-8.12)% examined by FCM on DC2.4 cells. PIR positive rate was increased dramatically to (54.21+/-6.34)%, (58.78+/-4.70)%, (48.24+/-6.75)% respectively for IL-10, TGF-beta1 and LPS induction (P<0.01), but there was no significantly different among the three groups (P>0.01). The semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot revealed that IL-10 and TGF-beta1 induced the higher PIR-B level and lower PIR-A level. On the contrary, the LPS down-regulated the PIR-B expression and up-regulated the PIR-A expression. Realtime PCR examination demonstrated that PIR-A and co-stimulating molecules such as CD80, CD86 and MHC-II were increased significantly after stimulation with LPS. Compared with the DC2.4 cells and the LPS-DC, the T-DCs inhibited alloactivated T cell proliferation and down-regulated the IFN-gamma secretion in MLR supernatant. Si-DC promoted the T cell proliferation (P<0.01) and enhanced the IFN-gamma secretion (P<0.01). It was concluded that up-regulating the PIR-B and down-regulating the PIR-A expression were the general feature of phenotype and constructed the new targets for dendritic cells to acquire immune tolerance in mice. Overexpression of PIR-B can inhibit the up-regulation of the PIR-A, CD80, CD86 and MHC-II expression, which might be the molecular mechanism for the T-DC.

This study examined the expressions of human serum tissue factor (TF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in patients with acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and their clinical significance. The serum TF and TFPI levels were detected by ELISA in 28 allo-HSCT recipients before and after the transplantation and the changes of TF and TFPI levels were dynamically monitored at different phases of the disease. No significant differences in the serum TF and TFPI levels were found in allo-HSCT recipients in the absence of aGVHD or with grade I aGVHD before and after the transplantation. The levels of serum TF and TFPI were substantially increased in the patients with gradeII aGVHD at the peak of aGVHD (P<0.05) and they were even higher in the patients with grade III-IV aGVHD (P<0.01). When the conditions became stable after treatment with immunosuppressive agents, the serum TFPI level was decreased to the baseline level (P>0.05) and the TF level was lowered but still higher than the baseline level (P<0.05). It was concluded that the levels of serum TF and TFPI were increased significantly in the patients with grade II-IV aGVHD after allo-HSCT and decreased markedly after the treatment. Monitoring the levels of serum TF and TFPI in the patients with allo-HSCT is important to predict the occurrence, outcome and prognosis of aGVHD.

BACKGROUND: Acetabular cup orientation using a standard radiograph of the pelvis is quite common method to assess artificial hip replacement nowadays. Non-standardization of pelvic orientation affected accuracy of measurement results, and it is difficult to compare. OBJECTIVE: To make sure how pelvis tilting affect the anteveration of the cup and to elevate clinical accuracy and compare study comparability. METHODS: Designed a simulated acetabular cup with serial concentric circles which pass through the same polars and represent anteveration of 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, Loaded the simulated acetabular cup at an inclination of 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55° to6 cadaver pelves, Made the pelves tilt around the frontal axis and sagittal axis with 5° each time in a scope of+30°. Takestandard radiograph of the pelvis accordingly. Radiograph was photographed end frontal angle of dip was measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pelvic tilt of about 1° causes measuring errors of anteveration 0. 61 °-0. 73°. The anteveration decreased at both acetabular cups when pelvic posterior tilt and at the acetabular cup that near the X-ray source as pelvic lateral tilt. The anteveration rose at both acetabular cups when pelvic anterior tilt and at the acetabular cup that away from the X-ray source as pelvic lateral tilt. During clinical evaluation, pelvic orientation effects on measurement results should be considered.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) from inpatients with cerebrovascular diseases in Shanghai district. MethodsInpatients with cerebrovascular diseases from neurology department of five hospitals in Shanghai from Jun. 2007 to Feb. 2008 were recruited . All the patients were respectively diagnosed by brain CT, CTA, MRI, MRA and TCD. Laboratory data included urinary microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), routine urinalysis, fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour-postprandial plasma glucose, Scr, uric acid, etc. All the serum creatinine samples were uniformly tested in central laboratory of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital.Glomendar filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by complicated MDRD equation and CKD stage was classified according to K/DOQI guidelines. ResultsA total of 1014 hospitalized patients with cerebrovascular diseases were enrolled during the observation period, with M/F ratio of 559/455 and mean age of (68.56±12.17) years. Cerebrovascular diseases included ischemic stroke (708 cases), hemorrhagic stroke (197 cases) and transient cerebral ischemie attack (TIA) (109 cases). Microalbuminuria (MAU) was detected in 11.2%, while 24.8% patients had proteinuria. The prevalence of CKD was 47.7%. The percentage of these inpatients in CKD stage 1 to 5 was approximately 6.90%, 14.69%, 21.60%, 2.56% and 1.97% respectively. The Logistic regression model showed that the risk factors of short-term (<30 days) prognosis were albuminuria, hyperglycemia (fast glucose) and anemia. ConclusionsThe prevalence of CKD in inpatients with cerebrovascular diseases was 47.7% in Shanghai. It is significant to evaluate CKD among patients with cerebrovascular diseases, especially to use the screening of ACR in the early stage.

Objective To study the susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotic agents from 1988 to 2002 in Shanghai. Methods The clinical isolates from patients with gonorrhea were collected and tested for their susceptibility to five antibiotics. Agarose-dilution-method was used to detect minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of anti-microbial agents including penicillin, tetracycline, spectinomycin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone, and penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) were tested with acidometric method. Results Susceptible strains to penicillin decreased from 11.28% in 1988 to 0 in 2002, MIC50 and MIC90 increased 8 and 4 times, respectively, the resistant rate and proportion of PPNG were 94.29% and 50.95%, respectively in 2002. The strains of high resistance to tetracycline increased from 0 in 1995 to 20.95% in 2002. The susceptible strains to ceftriaxone decreased from 100% in 1995 to 23.80% in 2002. The susceptibility to ciprofloxacin decreased significantly and resistant rate reached 99.05% in 2002. However, these strains were kept highly susceptible to spectionmycin. Concerning the multi-drug resistance, we found that the strains resistant to penicillin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline simultaneously increased from 20.87% in 2001 to 23.30% in 2002, those resistant to both penicillin and ciprofloxacin reached to 70% in the past 2 years. Conclusions In Shanghai the resistant rates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics increased year by year in the past 15 years. The study indicates that spectinomycin and ceftriaxone should be the first choice for the treatment of gonorrhea at present and new sensitive antibiotic should be developed for the treatment of gonorrhea.