OBJECTIVE:To cultivate qualified prescription-checking pharmacists and to ensure patients'rational drug use. METHODS:The status quo of prescription-checking pharmacists in China was analyzed and some concrete suggestions on how to cultivate qualified prescription-checking pharmacists were made.RESULTS:The phenomena of low educational level and low professional title,lack of professional knowledge and medical knowledge,lack of staff members were widespread in today's Chinese prescription-checking pharmacist professionals.CONCLUSION:The rational drug use can only be realized through being fully aware of the importance of prescription-checking pharmacists,enhancing whose admittance qualifications,working out professional standards for whom,clearly defining their responsibilities,strengthening their cultivation and increasing their numbers.

Objective To explore the common complications and methods of treatment in the malignant obstruction of upper alimentary tract with stent insertion. Methods With interventional procedure under fluoroscopic guidance fourteen self expanding stents were implanted in twelve patients, including nine with strictures or obstructions of esophagus, three with obstructions of gastroduodenum. Of the fourteen, nine were coated stents and five were uncoated stents. Results All stents were implanted successfully, but complications after the procedure occurred sometimes. There complications included: 1. Food bolus obstructed in three patients. 2. Chest pain occurred in four patients. 3. Tumour overgrowth or hyperplasia of granulation tissue in three patients caused restenosis of gastrointestinal tract. 4. Stent replacement in three patients. 5. Hemorrhage occurred in two patients (over 300 ml) causing threat to life. Conclusions The implantation of self expanding stent is a simple and effective method offering good palliation for upper alimentary tract obstructions. The complications shoud be treated correctly.

The mi nimizign time on mechanical ventilait on is one of the great importna t issues in crit-ical ill patienst ,only limited guidance on weaing and extubation is available from the pediatric literature.T he clinical application ofni dicta ions for weaning are even less clear,and the protocol-based wae ningw ith sponta-neous breaht ing trail is a feasible way in pediatric intensive care unit.

The incidence of severe viral pneumonia increased year on year,cardiac dysfunction is one of the commonest complications in severe pneumonia.But it is still controversial whether or not the severe pneumonia is associated with heart failure.This article focuses on the mechanisms and the treatment of severe pneumonia complicated with cardiac dysfunction.

Objective To explore the effects of X-ray irradiation combined with RNAi against signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)on the radiosensitivity of human esophageal carcinoma cells.Methods Human esophageal carcinoma cells of the line Eca-109 were euhured.Three pairs of DNA template aiming at the base sequences of the coding regions 2037-2055,1243-1261,and 455-473 of the STAT3 mRNA were synthesized(siRNAI,siRNA2,and siRNA3),and a negative sequence was synthesized to be used as control.STAT3-siRNA positive recombinant plasmids(pRNAT-U6.1-siRNAI,pRNAT-U6.1-siRNA2, and pRNAT-U6.1-siRNA3), and a STAT3-siRNA negative recombinant plasmid (pRNAT-U6.1-negative)were thus constructed and then transfected into the cultured Eca-109 cells,which were divided into transfection reagent control group,pRNAT-U6.1-siRNAl-3 transfection groups,and pRNAT-U6.1-negative centrel group.The positive eell clones were screened.RT-PCR and Westem blotting were used to detect the STAT3 mRNA and protein expression.The transfected Eca-109 cells were exposed to 0,2,4,6,and 8 Gy of X-rays,respectively,and the survival fraction of the cells was analyzed by clone formation assay.Flow cytometry was applied to analyze the cycle arrest and cell apoptosis 4 Gy post-irradiation.Results Agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed the successful construction of the plasmid pRNAT-U6.1-siRNA.RT-PCR and Western blotting demonstrated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of STAT3 transfected with sTAT3-siRNA3 were both significanfly lower than those of the control groups.At 2-8 Gy, the survival fractions of the siRNA3 group were aU significantly lowered than those of the control group(t＝-0.228--0.051,P<0.05).Flow cytometry showed that the percentage of the cell cycle G0/G1 phase and the apoptosis rate of the siRNA3 group were both significantly higher than those of the control groups at 4 Gy post-irradiation(t＝-13.137-16.350,P<0.01).Conclusions X-ray irradiation combined with RNAi against sTAT3 could inhibit the proliferation of the human esophageal carcinoma cells,induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis,improve the radiosensitivity in Eta-109 cells.

Objective To compare the image guided effect between CT and Ultrasound for percutaneous catheter drainage and sclerotherapy in the treatment of hepatic cysts.Methods 26 patients with hepatic cysts underwent percutaneous catheter drainage and sclerotherapy by CT guided.87 cases underwent percutaneous catheter drainage and sclerotherapy by Ultrasound guided.Results 53 cysts underwent percutaneous puncture with 132 times by CT guided,and 5 cysts underwent sclerotherapy were failed(10.1％).231 cysts underwent percutaneous puncture with 267 times by Ultrasound guided,and 5 cysts underwent sclerotherapy were failed(2.1％).The failed rate of the two groups had statistifically significant difference(x2 =39.6875,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In the image guided technique for percutaneous catheter drainage and sclerotherapy in the treatment of hepatic cysts,Ultrasound had more advantages,high accuracy,real time visual,high success rate,less damage,economy and convenience than CT.

Objective To observe the effects of calcitriol on cellular proliferation and apoptosis,and on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)-induced α-SMA and extracellular matrix(ECM)synthesis in renal interstitial fibroblasts,so as to illustrate its potential roles and underlying mechanisms in preventing renal interstitial fibrosis. Methods In NRK-49F of cultured rats in vitro,cellular proliferation was detected by MTY.The cellular cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow eytometry using annexin-V FITC/propidium iodide(PI).Real-time PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression of α-SMA,CTGF and FN,and Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of α-SMA and FN. Results Cellular proliferation was inhibited by calcitriol through G1-arrest (P＜0.05).But calcitriol had no effect on cell apoptosis(P＞0.05).Increased expression of α-SMA,CTGF and FN mRNA induced by TGF-β1were significantly suppressed by calcitriol as compared with TGF-β1 treated group (P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference among the groups with various concentration of calcitrol (P＞0.05).The similar phenomenon of the level of α-SMA and FN protein expression was observed in all groups by Western blot. Conclusion Caleiniol inhibits cellular proliferation of renal interstitial fibroblast by G1-arrest,but has no effect on cell apoptosis,and can prevent renal interstitial fibrosis caused by TGF-β1.

Objective: To study the cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of esophageal carcinoma Eca-109 cells treated with RNA interference technique to silence signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene. Methods: Three pairs of DNA template coding siRNA specific for human STAT3 gene mRNA were designed and synthesized. The annealed oligonucleotide fragments were subcloned into pRNAT-U6.1/neo plasmid to construct STAT3-siRNA expression vector which was then transfected into Eca-109 cells. The expression of STAT3 mRNA and protein in cancer cells was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were examined by MTT and flow cytometry. Results: STAT3-siRNA expression vector was successfully constructed and identified by sequencing. The results of RT-PCR and Western blot demonstrated that STAT3 expression in Eca-109 cells transfected with STAT3-siRNA expression vector was significantly higher than that in the control group (P＜ 0.01). MTT showed that after transfection of the siRNA vector into Eca-109 cells, cell proliferation was obviously reduced and the cell growth inhibition ratio in the siRNA3 group was 35.68%, significantly higher than that in the control group (P＜0.01). Flow cytometry results suggested that cell cycle arrest and more apoptosis were observed in the siRNA3 group. Cell cycle was arrested at G_0/G_1 phase, and the rate of apoptosis was 13.26%, much higher than that in the control group (P＜0.01). Conclusion: Silencing STAT3 gene by RNA interference technique can effectively inhibit STAT3 expression, suppress the proliferation of Eca-109 cells, induce cell cycle arrest at G_0/G_1 phase, and promote apoptosis.

Objective To discuss the value of ultrasonic miniature probe (UMP) in the preoperative staging of colorectal cancer.Methods Sixty-one colorectal cancer patients were examined before operation using the UMP (Olympus UM-2R,12 MHz).According to the intestinal wall structural layers and the close organic infiltration,the tumor encroaching depth was judged and the diagnosis of the T stage was made.All cases got the pathological verification,which was compared with the stage of UMP.Results The general diagnostic accurate rate of tubal wall encroaching depth (T stage) by the UMP was 86.9% (53/61) in the colorectal cancer and the diagnostic accurate rate was 100.0% (3/3) in the early stage cancer.UMP stage and TNM stage showed a better consistency (Kappa=0.790).Conclusions UMP has high accurate rate in the judgment of the colorectal cancer encroaching depth.There is some value in the T stage diagnosis before operation,which could help patients with colorectal cancer select suitable therapies.

Background and purpose:Several reports demonstrated that the expression of STAT3 has been found to be an oncogene in solid tumors such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,esophageal carcinoma and prostate carcinoma.This study was done to explore the effects of X-ray irradiation combined with RNAi against STAT3 on proliferation and apoptosis of human esophageal carcinoma cell line Eca-109.Methods:Three pairs of DNA template coding siRNA were synthesized against STAT3 to reconstruct pRNAT-U6.1-siRNA-STAT3,which was transfected into Eca-109 cells,the positive cell clones were screened with G418.Inhibitory effect of STAT3 mRNA and protein in Eca-109 cells was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.The transfected cells were exposed to 0,2,4,6 and 8 Gy X-ray respectively;the survival fraction of Eca-109 cells was analyzed by clone formation assay,and flow cytometry was applied to analyze cell apoptosis at the dose of 4 Gy.Results:pRNAT-U6.1-siRNA-STAT3 was reconstructed and identifi ed as correct by sequencing.RT-PCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated that STAT3-siRNA could obviously reduce the expression of STAT3 mRNA and protein in Eca-109 cells.Clone formation assay and flow cytometry results showed that irradiation at different doses combined with STAT3-siRNA could inhibit the proliferation of Eca-109 cells,irradiation with 4 Gy X-ray could induce apoptosis.Conclusion:X-ray irradiation combined with RNAi against STAT3 could inhibit the proliferation of Eca-109 cells and induce apoptosis.