The epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR-TKI)is a kind of high-efficiency and low-toxicity tumor molecular targeted drugs.It becomes a research hotspot in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)treatment because of its unique curative effect and well tolerance.EGFR-TKI is mainly applied to the second and third line treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC or first line treatment of EGFR mutation patients.With the development of research,the indications of EGFR-TKI expand unceasingly.The preoperative neoadjuvant therapy is likely to become a new kind of treatment mode.

[Objective]To investigate the changes of pore sizes,crosslinking index,swelling ration,degradation rate,cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of genipin crosslinked collagen/chitosan scaffolds affected by the different crosslinking temperature points.[Method]The freeze-dried collgaen/chitosan scaffolds crosslinked with 0.5% genipin within 24 h were divided into 3 groups by crosslinking temperature:4℃ group,20℃ group and 36℃ group.The characteristics of pore sizes,crosslinking index,swelling ratio,degradation rate,cytotoxicity and biocompatibility were evaluated.Collagen/chitosan scaffolds without crosslinking were chosen as control group.[Result]With the increase of temperature,crosslinking index was increased,but swelling ratio and degradation rate were decreased.In 4℃ group,the crosslinking index was 47.88%?6.4%,the swelling ratio was 721%?46%,and the degradation rate was decreased by 3.95%?6.4% at 4 weeks.In 20℃ group,the crosslinking index was 67.69%?3.6%,the swelling ration was 662%?72%,and the degradation rate was 0.91%?5.9% in 4 weeks.In 36℃ group,the crosslinking index was 70.32%?5.7%,the swelling ration was 635%?27%,and the degradation rate was 0.66%?7.3% at 4 weeks.The above indexes of the three groups were much better than those of control group(P

AIM:To explore the changes of excitatory amino acids and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in brain undergoing ischemia-reperfusion injury following hepatic portal occlusion (HPO) in vivo.METHODS: The electrolytes and pH of portal vein blood, the content of Glu and Asp in brain, and the expression of NMDAR mRNA were studied with blood-gas analysis, HPLC and semi-quantitative RT-PCR method in two groups(HPO or sham), respectively. Three time points(6 h,12 h and 24h after reperfusion) were included.RESULTS: HPLC measure showed that the content of cortex Glu and Asp in group HPO elevated significantly after reperfusion compared with sham group, the peaks were at 6 h and 24 h Glu:(349?145) ?g?g-1wt,(456?203) ?g?g-1wt vs (238?24) ?g?g-1wt,(225?59) ?g?g-1wt;Asp:(134?50) ?g?g-1wt,(166?50) ?g?g-1wt vs (99?24) ?g?g-1wt,(71?20) ?g?g-1wt.Moreover, semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis discovered that the expression of NMDAR mRNA increased significantly , the subunit NR1 mRNA was higher in reperfusion 6 h and last to 12 h(1.63?0.06 vs 1.18?0.05; 1.73?0.06 vs 1.17?0.03), the peak of NR2B mRNA was in 12 h (1.75?0.04 vs 1.18?0.05) ,but they did not further increase after reperfusion for 24 h.CONCLUSION: HPO increases the content of Glu and Asp and the expression of NMDAR in brain cortex. The Glu-NMDAR pathway plays a role in the mechanism for the brain injury after HPO. The products of IR injury might be the key factor to cause EAAs acumulation in synapse space.

Esophageal cancer is a cause of cancer mortality and accounts for the sixth most common cause of cancer-related death. The focus of recent study has shifted towards testing novel agents that target specific molecular abnormalities known to occur in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The preclinical studies involving various cancer models, including ESCC, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) over-expression, are linked to epithelial cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, and have an inverse relationship to tumor chemotherapy curability. Nimotuzumab is a humanized anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody that binds to the extracellular domain of the EGFR and inhibits EGF binding. In many phase Ⅱ trials, nimotuzumab showed marked antiproliferative, proapoptotic and antiangiogenic effects in tumors that overexpress EGFR. Some phaseⅢtrials are ongoing.

Post-stroke infection mainly includes stroke-associated pneumonia and urinary tract infection.It is one of the major causes of increasing disability and mortality in patients with stroke.Its occurrence and development is associated with the basal state,stroke location,infarct volume,severity,dysphasia,aphasia and other factors of the whole body system in patients with stroke.In recent years,stroke-induced immunosuppression is receiving increasing attention.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of orbital decompression for compressive optic-neuropathy. Methods Fourteen eyes of twelve cases with Graves opthalmopathy and compressive optic-neuropathy undergone two orbital walls decompression with the follow-up period of more than 3 months were analyzed. Results The effect of complete closure of palpebral fissure was attained in all of the postoperative eyes and the visual acuity was increased in eleven eyes, remained no change in two eyes and decreased in one eye. The mean value of the recession of exophthalmic eyes after operation was mean 4 0 mm. Conclusion Two orbital walls decompression is an effective method for compressive optic-neuropathy in Gaves ophthalmopathy.

Objective To investigate the dose-effect relationship between Q-switch ruby laser and skin pigmentation in Guinea pigs. Methods Ten Guinea pigs were included in this study, and the back of each pig was divided into 5 areas, negative control area receiving no UVB irradiation or laser treatment, positive control area receiving UVB irradiation but no laser treatment, low-, middle- and high-dose areas receiving UVB irradiation followed by the treatment with laser at an energy density of 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 J/cm2 for 4, 2, and 1 session, respectively, with an interval of 1 week. Melanin content index (MCI) was determined, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and histopathology were performed to observe melanin granules and melanocytes in the skin tissue from Guinea pigs before the initial laser treatment, 2 and 4 weeks after the final laser treatment. Results The best response was observed in the low-dose areas, and there was a complete clearance of hyperpigmentation in these areas, which maintained 8 weeks without recurrence, while different degrees of skin pigmentation recurred in the middle- and high-dose areas. Moreover, the low-dose areas showed a significantly lower melanin content index (MCI) compared with the middle- and high-dose areas (F = 4.2,P < 0.05), together with a marked reduction in the extent of pigment deposition, melanin granules, melanocyte number and density. Conclusions The efficacy of Q-switched ruby laser on skin pigmentation in Guinea pigs is correlated with the energy density and treatment frequency, and, low intensity and high frequency are often associated with a better treatment outcome.

ObjectiveTo compare the accelerating effect of topical recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) and recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (rb-bFGF) on wound healing after fractional CO2 laser therapy.MethodsTwenty male guinea pigs were included in this study.After hair removal and irradiation with fractional CO2 laser,the back of each guinea pig was divided into 4 regions to be topically treated with rhEGF of 10 μg/cm2 (rhEGF group),rb-bFGF of 262.51 IU/cm2 (rb-bFGF group),the combination of rhEGF and rb-bFGF (combination group),or normal saline (control group),twice daily until the healing of wound.Skin physiology parameters including elasticity index and melanin index were detected before the irradiation,7,14 and 28 days after the irradiation,and compared between the 4 groups by analysis of variance.Tissue specimens were obtained from 4 mice at the above time points and subjected to pathological examination for the observation of collagen fibers and quantification of fibroblasts.ResultsAfter fractional CO2 laser therapy,the crusts fall off completely in growth factor-treated regions,while partly in the control regions,within 3 to 7 days; the wounds healed completely in 14 to 28 days in all the groups,with the regenerating tissue being more tender and redder compared with the surrounding unirradiated tissue.The wound surface was smaller in area and redder in color in the 3 growth factor-treated groups than in the control group.At 28 days after the irradiation,the elasticity index was 262.29 ± 62.40 in the combination group,202.00 ± 65.62 in the rhEGF group,188.86 ± 35.02 in the rb-bFGF group,167.14 ± 42.49 in the control group.Statistical difference was observed in elasticity index,but not in skin melanin index among the 4 groups.Pathological examination showed a dense and organized arrangement of collagen fibers in the combination group but a sparse and disorganized arrangement of collagen fibers in the control group.ConclusionThe combined application of rhEGF and rbbFGF can accelerate the healing of wound and increase the elasticity of regenerating tissue after fractional CO2 laser therapy.

OBJECTIVE:To promote rational drug use and improve medical quality.METHODS:A comprehensive analysis was performed on the contents of drug counseling problems presented by 483 patients and medical staff.RESULTS:The use of cardio-cerebral-vascular drugs,anti-bacterial drugs and digestive system drugs were the most common drugs inquired by patients,and their questions focused on the action and clinical use,adverse reactions,administration and dosage etc of drugs.However,anti-bacterial drugs were the leading drugs inquired by medical staff,and their questions focused on drugs available for choice and combined use of drugs etc.CONCLUSIONS:Drug counseling can help promote rational drug use,improve medical quality and patients' awareness toward medical care,besides,it is conducive to the publicity for hospital pharmacists.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an HPLC-CSP (chiral stationary phase) for the determination of plasma levels of enantiomers of fluoxetine. METHODS: Enantiomers of fluoxetine were separated on a Chirobiotic V column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-acetic acid-triethylamine (100∶0.04∶0.04) with a flow rate of 1 mL?min-1. The detection wavelength was set at 226 nm.Clozapine was used as the internal standard. RESULTS: Under this chromatographic condition, both R-norfluoxetine and S-norfluoxetine had no interference on the enantiomers of fluoxetine and the internal standard. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 8.1～432 ng?mL-1(r=0.999 8) for R-enantiomer and in the range of 10.8～432 ng?mL-1 (r=0.999 2) for S-enantiomer. The relative recovery of R-fluoxetine and S-fluoxetine in plasma were 97.2%～101.9% and 98.7%～102.2%, respectively. RSD of intraday and interday ranged from 2.6% to 5.3% and from 7.7% to 8.9% for R-fluoxetine, and from 2.1% to 6.7% and from 8.0% to 10.6% for S-fuoxetine, respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, reliable and sensitive, and applicable for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of the enantiomers of fluoxetine in plasma.