GCC/PKG/VASP,PKA/VASP et.al are associated with the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer.As one of the important signaling molecules of above signal pathways,VASP has constributed to the invasion,metastasis,apoptosis,angiogenesis and other events of colorectal cancer.The role of VASP signaling pathways in the development of CRC and its potential clinlic significance are reviewed in this article.

Learning guidance in pathology teaching can help to improve the students' learning ability. Learning guidance can be mainly done in two aspects:developing and fostering the students' learning ability on their own and guiding the students to review scientifically.

Objective To investigate the role of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) in colorectal mucosal carcinogenesis and the relationship between PAK1 expression and biological behavior of colorectal carcinoma. Method PAK1 was detected with immunohistochemical method in 10 normal colorectal mucosas,40 colorectal villous or tubular adenomas and 60 colorectal carcinomas. Results The positive rate for PAK1 was 10.0% in normal colorectal mucesas,and 25.0%, 33.3% and 33.3% in slight, moderate and severe dys-plastic adenomas, respectively, 65.0% was found in colorectul carcinomas. The positive rate for PAK1 in col-orectal carcinomas was higher than that in normal colorectal mucosas(P<0.01), colorectal villous or tubular adenomas(P<0.01), slight dysplastic adenomas(P<0.01) and moderate dysplastic adenomas (P<0.05).The positive rate for PAK1 of poor differentiated colorectal carcinomas was higher than that of high differentiated ones (P<0.05), and the positive rate for PAK1 of patients with lymph node metastasis was higher than that of patients without lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). In clinical stages, the positive rate for PAK1 in Dukes C and D stages patients was higher than that in Dukes A stage patients, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion PAK1 maybe play some role in the process of carcinogenesis of colorectal mucesa, and be used as an useful marker for assessment of the biological behavior and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma.

Objective To study effect of rubescens on inflammatory cytokines and liver function of alcoholic liver injury rat model.Methods 120 SD rats were chosed for studied, randomly divided into control group, model group and treatment group,40 rats per group.Alcoholic liver injury rat model was made by ethanol feeding approach, rubescens were given for treatment.Then serum AST, ALT, α-GST, GLDH content and liver tissue NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 levels were detected by electrochemiluminescence and fluorescent quantitation PCR,respectively.Results Model group serum AST, ALT,α-GST, GLDH contents and NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 contents in liver tissue were higher than control group(t=12.030~37.417, P<0.05). Treatment group serum AST,ALT, α-GST, GLDH contents and NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 contents in liver tissue were lower than model group (t=5.128~32.325, P<0.05).Conclusion Alcohol feeding can cause liver damage, rubescens therapy can reduce liver injury, relieve inflammation.

OBJECTIVE To find out the main commonly encountered pathogen and antibiotic resistance in hospital infection in Department of Neurosurgery. METHODS Clinic samples from Jun 2005 to Jun 2007 were collected and drug sensitive test was taken.RESULTS The most commonly encountered pathogens of infection were Gram-negative bacillI(83.1%),including Klebsiella pneumoniae(25.0%),Escherichia coli(19.1%),andAcinetobacter baumannii(10.3%). The three kinds of pathogens had heavy resistance to at least 8 kinds of antibiotics. The resistance rates to imipenem and ofloxacin were the lowest (6.8% and 32.4%). CONCLUSIONS The pathogens isolated from Departmentof Neurosurgery are Gram-negative bacilli which have multiple antibiotic resistance. The key prevention measures of infection are to control prophylatcic usage of the third generation cephalosporins,strengthen environmental microbial monitoring,hand sterilization and cleaning among the medical staff.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of different nutrition methods on the number and activity of natural killer (NK) cells in liver after hepatectomy in cirrhotic rats. MethodsTwenty thioacetamide-induced cirrhotic rats were randomly divided into enteral nutrition (EN) group ( n =10) and parenteral nutrition (PN) group ( n =10), in which EN or PN was administered for 5 consecutive days 1 day after hepatectomy. The percentage of the NK cells in livers was examined by flow cytometry. Activity of NK cells was measured by 4 h51Cr-release assay.ResultsCompared with the PN group, the percentage (22.2 ％ ± 1.7％ vs. 17.4％ ± 1.8％, P =0.000) and the activity of NK cells (41.6％ ± 2.3％ vs. 37.1％ ± 2.2％, P =0.000) in the livers were significantly higher in the EN group. ConclusionEN after posthepatectomy can ameliorate the percentage and the activity of NK cells in the livers in cirrhotic rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of Mus81 gene silencing on the chemosensitivity of human colon cancer HCT116 cells to oxaliplatin and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods lentiviral-mediated RNAi was employed to inhibit Mus81 gene in human colon cancer HCT116 cells. MTT assay was employed to evaluate oxaliplatin chemosensitivity of HCT116. Cell apoptosis rate was detected by Annexin V-APC staining and the expression levels of p53, while Bax and Bcl-2 in HCT116 cells were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot. Results Oxaliplatin IC50 of Mus81 depleted HCT116 cells was significantly decreased. After oxaliplatin treatment, the cell apoptosis rate of Mus81 silenced HCT116 cells was increased by 77.6% (P < 0.05), and the expression of p53 and Bax in these cells was obviously increased but the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Introducing Mus81 gene in Mus81 depleted HCT116 cells could reduce apoptosis rate. Conclusion Mus81 gene silencing can significantly improve oxliplatin chemosensitivity of HCT116 cells possibly by promoting cell apoptosis through regulating the expression of p53, Bax and Bcl-2.

Objective To investigate the concentration of 17β-estradiol in bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and different tissues of rats, and study the function of estradiol produced in extragonadal sites prelimi-narily. Methods (1) The concentration of 17β-estradiol in lysate of BMSCs and in supernatant cell culture media were detected by Elisa method after rats BMSCs were serum-free cultured in 0 h , 24 h and 48 h respective ly . (2) The tissues of organs were grinded and broken under ultrasonic wave , then washed and weighed. The con-centration of 17β-estradiol in different tissues was detected by Elisa method. Results Compared with the concen-tration of 17β-estradiol at 24 h, the concentration of 17β-estradiol at 48h significantly increased (P < 0.05). The concentration of 17β-estradiol among different tissues were higher, but the difference is not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions (1) 17β-estradiol can be secreted by BMSCs , and the concentration is proportional to the time to some degree. But whether the extragonadal estrogen can function locally is still unclear. (2) The concentration of 17β-estradiol is non- gonad dependent but whether it is secreted locally remains to be elucidated. The non- gonad estrogen could be the estrogen source of bone metabolism in order to sustain bone health after menopause.

Objective To investigate the role of ISS and new injury severity score (NISS) in evaluation of complications and treatment outcomes in the multiple trauma patients combined with severe chest trauma.Methods AIS-2005 was used to carry out retrospective analysis of the 1 377 multiple trauma patients combined with severe chest trauma (thoracic AIS≥3 points) treated at Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from January 2005 to January 2011.In the meantime,the related NISS and ISS were calculated and their relations with mortality were analyzed.Results The overall healing,mortality and complication rate were 93.2％,6.8％ and 28.5％ respectively.Both the ISSN and ISS had positive correlation with morbidity of complications ( r =0.569,P ＜0.01 ;r =0.442,P ＜0.01 ) and mortality (r =0.693,P ＜ 0.01 ; r =0.774,P ＜ 0.01 ),but a stronger relevance was demonstrated between NISS and morbidity of complications and between ISS and mortality rate.NISS showed a higher sensitivity but less specificity than ISS in prediction of morbidity of complications (P ＜ 0.01 ),and NISS was not superior to ISS in prediction of mortality ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions Both NISS and ISS work well in evaluating the complications and treatment outcomes in multiple trauma patients combined with severe chest trauma.Thus,NISS should be applied for prediction of complication occurrence and ISS for treatment outcomes to maximize the prediction accuracy.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the serum SRC-3 levels and the bone loss severity in postmenopausal women. Methods Fifty-eight PMW with osteopenia or osteoporosis and nineteen healthy PMW were enrolled in this study from June 2012 to September 2013. BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck were observed by DXA Lunar Prodigy Vision. The levels of serum SRC-3 were detected by ELISA. The diagnosis value was evaluated by the ROC curves analysis. Results The levels of serum SRC-3 were significant higher in the normal group than those in the osteopenia or the osteoporosis groups (P<0.001 for both), no statistical significance was found between the osteopenia and the osteoporosis group(P=0.056). The levels of serum SRC-3 were negatively correlated with the BMD diagnosis grading (r=-0.543, P < 0.001). By using the ROC curve analysis, the serum level of SRC-3 for PMW with osteoporosis and osteopenia were found to be 0.297 ng/mL and 0.347 ng/mL, respectively. The levels of serum SRC-3 were positively associated with BMI (r=0.395, P<0.001) and LS-BMD (r=0.503,P<0.001) in the postmenopausal women. Conclusion SRC-3 might be an useful index to reflect the severity of lumbar spine bone loss.