Objective To have a general picture the history and existing problems of independent clinical labs in China, for the purpose of building a supervision mechanism for such novel clinical institutions-clinical labs. Methods By way of the nationwide network of clinical labs, ICLs in China were surveyed with written questionnaires and field check. Results ICLs have grown into a greater and diversified scale thanks to the development of China's economy and laboratory technology. However,such vulnerabilities as unbalanced staff ratio, full-range quality control bugs, cutthroat competition,asymmetrical information disclosure, and bio-safety have loomed large in the meantime. Conclsion It is time to formulate a stricter industry access system and appropriate regulatory modes; ICLs should take a good care of the "Four relations" in their development, and health regulators should play a tighter role in the "Four supervisions". All these aim at better sharing medical resources, and building a win-win environment for the people, hospitals and ICLs.

Objective To treat a group of patients with port wine stains (PWS) using a variable pulse width (VPW) frequency doubled Nd:YAG 532nm with high energy long pulse green (HELP G) laser and to evaluate the clinical efficacy, side effects and different histological changes between VPW and HELP G. Methods Thirty two patients with PWS were treated in order to study the clinical improvement by transforming from 11～16 J/cm 2 at 3 mm spot size (VPW,7～10 ms) gradually to 16～24 J/cm 2 at 4～5 mm spot size (HELP G,15～50 ms). Two patients were biopsied before and after the laser treatment.Results After treatment of 1～8 times(3.19 average), very good results were achieved in 7 PWS, and excellent results were achieved in 15 PWS.Improvement was found in 68.75 % of the patients.Conclusion VPW with HELP G laser at 532 nm appears to be an effective treatment for PWS.

Objective To study the effects of hypothermia therapy on coagulopathy in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) of different degrees.Methods Twenty-five newborns with HIE were divided into 2 groups (moderate HIE group and severe HIE group) by amplitude integrated electroencephalogram(aEEG).The platelet (PLT) count,activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT),prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),fibrinogen (Fbg) and international normalized ratio (INR) were measured before hypothermia therapy and those after 24 hours,48 hours,72 hours after hypothermia therapy were collected.The hematological parameters of 2 groups were analyzed by repeated measurement analysis of variance.Results The APTT(t=2.239,P<0.05)and PT(t=2.453,P<0.05) of severe HIE group were significantly longer than those of moderate HIE group and significantly different.PLT,PT,APTT and Fbg(all P>0.05)showed no statistically significant difference between 2 groups after hypothermia therapy.The differences in INR(F=12.470,P<0.05),TT(F=8.275,P<0.01)between 2 groups were significant.Fbg at diffe-rent time points showed no significant difference (P>0.05) between 2 groups.The differences in PLT(F=32.420,P<0.01),PT(F=9.377,P<0.01),APTT(F=15.420,P<0.01),TT(F=7.326,P<0.01)and INR(F=12.699,P<0.01)at different time points were significant between 2 groups.The degree of brain injury and time had no interactive effects in PLT,INR and Fbg(all P>0.05).But the degree of brain injury and time had interactive effects in PT(F=3.374,P<0.05),APTT(F=4.227,P<0.05)and TT(F=3.585,P<0.05).It indicated that the change trend in PT,APTT and TT were different between 2 groups.The increase range of PT,APTT and TT of severe HIE group was higher than moderate HIE group after hypothermia therapy for 24 hours.The percentages of severe HIE group who received transfusion with blood product were higher than those of moderate HIE group(P>0.05).Conclusion The coagulopathy function is worse in neonates with severe HIE in hypothermia therapy which may aggravate the hemorrhage risk.And the effect of hypothermia on neonates with moderate HIE is less evident.So hierarchical intervention on coagulopathy in neonates with HIE during hypothermia should be adopted to relieve the hemorrhage risk.

ObjectiveTo compare the accelerating effect of topical recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) and recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (rb-bFGF) on wound healing after fractional CO2 laser therapy.MethodsTwenty male guinea pigs were included in this study.After hair removal and irradiation with fractional CO2 laser,the back of each guinea pig was divided into 4 regions to be topically treated with rhEGF of 10 μg/cm2 (rhEGF group),rb-bFGF of 262.51 IU/cm2 (rb-bFGF group),the combination of rhEGF and rb-bFGF (combination group),or normal saline (control group),twice daily until the healing of wound.Skin physiology parameters including elasticity index and melanin index were detected before the irradiation,7,14 and 28 days after the irradiation,and compared between the 4 groups by analysis of variance.Tissue specimens were obtained from 4 mice at the above time points and subjected to pathological examination for the observation of collagen fibers and quantification of fibroblasts.ResultsAfter fractional CO2 laser therapy,the crusts fall off completely in growth factor-treated regions,while partly in the control regions,within 3 to 7 days; the wounds healed completely in 14 to 28 days in all the groups,with the regenerating tissue being more tender and redder compared with the surrounding unirradiated tissue.The wound surface was smaller in area and redder in color in the 3 growth factor-treated groups than in the control group.At 28 days after the irradiation,the elasticity index was 262.29 ± 62.40 in the combination group,202.00 ± 65.62 in the rhEGF group,188.86 ± 35.02 in the rb-bFGF group,167.14 ± 42.49 in the control group.Statistical difference was observed in elasticity index,but not in skin melanin index among the 4 groups.Pathological examination showed a dense and organized arrangement of collagen fibers in the combination group but a sparse and disorganized arrangement of collagen fibers in the control group.ConclusionThe combined application of rhEGF and rbbFGF can accelerate the healing of wound and increase the elasticity of regenerating tissue after fractional CO2 laser therapy.

Objective To investigate the dose-effect relationship between Q-switch ruby laser and skin pigmentation in Guinea pigs. Methods Ten Guinea pigs were included in this study, and the back of each pig was divided into 5 areas, negative control area receiving no UVB irradiation or laser treatment, positive control area receiving UVB irradiation but no laser treatment, low-, middle- and high-dose areas receiving UVB irradiation followed by the treatment with laser at an energy density of 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 J/cm2 for 4, 2, and 1 session, respectively, with an interval of 1 week. Melanin content index (MCI) was determined, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and histopathology were performed to observe melanin granules and melanocytes in the skin tissue from Guinea pigs before the initial laser treatment, 2 and 4 weeks after the final laser treatment. Results The best response was observed in the low-dose areas, and there was a complete clearance of hyperpigmentation in these areas, which maintained 8 weeks without recurrence, while different degrees of skin pigmentation recurred in the middle- and high-dose areas. Moreover, the low-dose areas showed a significantly lower melanin content index (MCI) compared with the middle- and high-dose areas (F = 4.2,P < 0.05), together with a marked reduction in the extent of pigment deposition, melanin granules, melanocyte number and density. Conclusions The efficacy of Q-switched ruby laser on skin pigmentation in Guinea pigs is correlated with the energy density and treatment frequency, and, low intensity and high frequency are often associated with a better treatment outcome.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between dietary -related behaviors of college students and their health , so as to provide the evidence for the health education for college students .Methods:A question-naire survey was conducted among 2105 college students from Xi′an Jiaotong University with stratified cluster ran-dom sampling .Results:In this survey , college students generally had unhealthy dietary behaviors , cognitive bia-ses of self-images and blind unhealthy weight -losing phenomenon as well .And there was a difference of dieting behaviors between college students of different sex and those of different body mass index .Conclusions:Unhealth-y dietary behaviors of college students were one of the main reasons leading to their abnormal BMI .Hence , it was necessary to improve health ethics education and dietary health guidance for college students , so as to introduce them to consciously assume their own health responsibilities and manage their health .

Objective To analyze the incidence of remaining symptoms after discectomy with different operation,and investigate its causes and clinical significance.Methods Two hundred and twentyfour patients were followed up.The incidence of remaining symptoms and clinicai situation after discectomy were observed with different operation:discectomy (110 patients,single group),discectomy with bone grafting internal fixation (70 patients,fusion group),and discectomy with dynamic fixation (44 patients,non-fusion group).The SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results One hundred and sixpatients (47.32％,106/224) occurred remaining symptoms in 224 patients.In single group was 69 patients (62.73％,69/110),in fusion group was 26 patients (37.14％,26/70),and in non-fusion group was 11 patients (25.00％,11/44).The incidence of remaining symptoms among three groups was significant difference(x2 =22.177,P =0.000).The incidence of remaining symptoms in single group was significantly higher than that in non-fusion group and fusion group (x2 =17.921,P =0.000;x2 =11.235,P =0.001).The incidence of remaining symptoms in non-fusion group and fusion group had no significant difference (x2 =1.817,P =0.178).Conclusions There is significantly different in the incidence of lumbar disc herniation with different surgery methods.Discectomy with bone grafting internal fixation and with dynamic fixation can effectively reduce the incidence of remaining symptoms.

Two cases of nevus of Ota resistant to multiple sessions of Q-switched laser treatment are reported.Both of the patients were females,who developed beige or blue patches on the left side of the face (zygomatic region,cheek)several months after birth.No conjunctiva or sclera was involved.The lesions spread to the left retroauricular region and posterior neck during pregnancy in one patient.Histopathological examination of the lesions showed scattered melanocytes and melanophages in lower dermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue as well as apparent proliferation of collagen.Immunostaining for CD34 showed no abnormality in the distribution of vascular endothelial cells in these tissues.No obvious improvement was observed in either of the patient after more than 10 sessions(12 sessions in 1 case,and 13 sessions in the other case)of treatments with Q-switched alexandrite(755 nm)or Q-switched Nd:YAG laser(1064 nm).The immediate response of lesions to laser irradiation was unusual.Purpura or errhysis was absent in the lesions after repetitive irradiation with high-energy laser,but both were visible in the adjacent normal skin even after irradiation with low-energy laser.

AIM:To determine the function of peritoneal mesothelial cells on the inflammatory microenvironment by administration of endometrial cells,and further define the pathogenesis of endometriosis.METHODS:Homogenous mouse endometrial epithelial and stromal cells were injected into the peritoneal cavities of Swiss Webster mice.After 4,24,and 72 h,a number of endpoints evaluated:protein concentrations of cytokine MCP-1,IL-1 ?,IL-6 in peritoneal lavage and gene expressions of MCP-1,IL-1 ?,IL-6 in peritoneal mesothelial cells and macrophages.RESULTS:The intraperitoneal administration of endometrial cells increased the protein expressions of cytokines in the peritoneal lavage of the recipient mice,which increased at 4-hour points and subsequently decreased with time.Gene expressions of cytokines in peritoneal mesothelial cells paralleled with the protein quantities in peritoneal lavage.The peak time of gene expression of cytokines in peritoneal macrophages was at the 24-hour point.The endometrial epithelial cells stimulated stronger inflammatory responses in the peritoneal cavity than the endometrial stromal cells.CONCLUSION:The recipient mice have a non-specific inflammatory response to the presence of endometrial cells in the peritoneal cavity.Mesothelial cells may be the targets of early inflammatory stress initiated in the presence of endometrial cells.

Based upon our previous experiments of acupuncture analgesia, morphine was adopted for comparison with acupuncture analgesia. Ninty four healthy, adult, male rats were divided into three groups: Two morphine(2,10 mg/kg) and one control group. The pain threshold of 10mg/kg morphine group was similar to that of the acupuncture analgesia; that of the 2mg/kg morphine group varied a great deal individually. Another group of 86 rats were selected and divided into three groups: effective acupuncture group, morphine (10mg/kg) group, and the control. After the measurement of pain threshold, the amount of AChE of the locus coeruleus of the animals was measured with a microphotometer. The ACHE reaction of acupuncture group was significantly increased in comparison with the control as well as with the morphine group. That of morphine group was weaker than the control, though without statistical significance. The number of AChE positive cells in nucleus raphe dorsalis of the acupunctured rats was significantly increased, while no significant difference existed between that of the control and morphine groups.The results showed that both acnpuncture and morphine produced effective analgesia. The former seemed, however, to act upon certain nuclei of the central nervous system possibly through the activities of their enzymes. Neurotransmitters may take active part in analgesia and probably a functional regulation of the organism is involved.