1.The number of origin,points of entrance,and relationship with other structures of the renal arteries were studied in 111 adult male and 9 female cadavers. It was found that 84.2?2.35% belonged to 1 branch-type,of which 73.4?4.03% occurred bilaterally;the two-branch type consisted only 15.4?2.33%;the three branch type being only 0.4?0.41%. 2.The average height of origin of the renal arteries from the aorta was at the level of intervertebral disc between the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae,of which 50.0?5.23% were equal in height on both sides;in 34.1?5.05% the right side was higher than the left and in 15.9?3.90% was the reverse. 3.When two renal arteries were present,the accessory one arose at a lower level than the main artery,ranging from the level of lower border of the 1st lumbar vertebra to that of the upper border of the 5th lumbar vertebra. 4.In 78.2?2.90% of the cases,the renal arteries entered the kidney through the hilum,the rest of them entered dinectly into the kidney substance,most of which through the upper extremity of the kidney. 5.When two renal arteries were present,both entered the hilum in 75.0?7.21% of the cases. 6.In most of the cases (83.7?2.60%),the renal artery divided outside of the hilum.Its primary branches could be divided into 5 types,most of which were of the anterior-posterior or superior-inferior types.They were 59.1?3.88 and 34.3?3.65% respectively. 7.The relationship of the accessory renal artery with the ureter and the inferior venal cava was discussed.