Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT urography(MSCTU)in pyelic and uretal disease.Methods 46 cases of pyelic and ureter disease with integrated clinical data were collected in two years,all cases were undergone multi-slice spiral CT contrast-enhanced scanning,the excretory-phase images were transferred to the workstation and shaded volume rendering(SVR),maximun intensity projection(MIP),multiplanar reconstruction(MPR)and curved planar reconstruction(CPR)were performed.Results In 46 cases,16 pyelic and ureteral calculus,12 congenital deformitions(including pelviureteric duplication malformations,retrocaval ureters,ureteropelvic junction stenosis,supern-umerary kidneys),5 inflammatory stenosis,7 primary pyelic and ureteral cancer,4 ureters were involved by bladder cancer and 2 compressive lesion were found.Conclusion MSCTU has obvious advantage in the diagnosis of pyelic and uretal disease.

Objective To evaluate the value of multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT) post-processing technique in diagnosis of spinal injury. Methods CT materials in 44 cases of spinal injury were retrospectively analyzed,all case were scanning with 16-slice helical CT,the images were passing on an independent workstation for MPR and SVR technique,and compared with axial 2D imaging of CT . Results MPR and SVR images could show the fracture line and displacement of fractured osseous fragments and spatial relationship of structure clearly,MPR images could show small fracture line and dislocation of joint actually. Conclusion MPR and SVR images are important supplement to axial 2D images,the axial imaging combined with various reconstruction technique can provide the space structure of spinal injury ,and play an important role in selecting therapy project and evaluating prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the value of multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT)post-processing technique in diagnosis of small peripheral lung cancer .Methods CT materials with small peripheral lung cancer in 20 cases were retrospectively analyzed ,after 16-slice spiral CT scanning ,both plain and contrast ,and reconstructed using 1mm slice thickness ,the images were passing on an independent workstation for SSD and MPR technique .Results the images of SSD and MPR could reveal the relation between focus and surrounding organs in different dirctions,also revealed the features of pulmonary carcinoma stereos copically and directly,could show actually lobulated sign ,burr sign,pleural indentation sign and vessel convergence sign with small peripheral lung cancer ,the SSD imaging was superior in judging the presence of the lobulated sign .Conclusion It is very valuable for diagnosis of small peripheral lung cancer that application of SSD,MPR and two dimensional reconstruction。

Objective To estimate the ability of MSCTA in displaying internal mammary artery . Methods MSCTA images of clinically suspected aortic disease in 30 patients were retrospectively re-processed and analyzed.The transverse images were combined with the reorganization images to observe the running rule,length and diameter of internal mammary artery.Results 60 internal mammary arteriae were showed by MSCTA,one was maldevelopment and obvious smaller than that of the contralateral one,four in two patients were obvious circuitous and two in one patient appeared abnormal branch.All internal mammary arteries originated from the outside of the first segmental of the left and right subclavian artery respectively,and descended along the back of the upper 6 sostal cartilages,in the distance of 2 cm to the limbus of sternal border,then divided into two in the sixth intercostal space level.56 on anterior view showed straight line descent,while on lateral view,they closed to the costal cartilage and were mild-circuitous.The average length of internal thoracic arteries was:(20.11?1.85) cm in right and (20.34?1.57) cm in left, the average diameter was:(2.49?0.37) cm in right and (2.45?0.35) cm in left.Conclusion MSCTA can clearly demonstrate the internal mammary artery,which provides various kinds of information for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases.

Objective To estimate the value of MSCTA in the diagnosis of subclavian arterial stenosis.Methods 10 patients with suspected subclavian steal syndrome which causes subclavian artery stenosis underwent MSCTA, the contrast medium was Iohexol 80~90 ml, the flow rate was 3~4 ml/s with sure-star techniques,excretory-phase images were transferred to the workstation and shaded volume rendering (VR),multiplanar reconstruction(MPR),and curved planar reconstruction (CPR) were performed.The left subclavian artery was divided into proximal and distals by openning of left vertebral arteries. Results The narrowing positions:6 cases were in proximal and 4 cases were in distal of subclavian artery.6 cases were focal stenosis,4 cases were multiple stenosis and totally 14 focus.The extent of stenosis was 0.8~2.0 cm,10 cases were ≤1 cm and 4 cases were 1.1~20 cm.The degree of stenosis included 7 cases ≤50%,3 cases in 50%~70%.The results was same comparing with that of DSA.Conclusion MSCTA plays an important role in diagnosing subclavian arterial stenosis.

Objective To analyse effects of zinc on immune function in children with infantile pneumonia .Methods A total of 96 children with infantile pneumonia selected from May to July 2014 were randomly divided into zinc supplementary treatment group and routine treatment group ,with 48 cases in each group .Routine treatment group was given conventional treatment ,while the zinc supplementary treatment group was received conventional treatment combined with zinc supplement .The serum level of zinc and immune function were detected before and after treatment ,respectively .Other 40 healthy infants received physical examination were contemporarily selected as healthy control group .Results Before treatment ,the levels of serum zinc ,IgA ,IgM and IgG ,percentages of CD3+ ,CD4+ cells and the CD4+ /CD8+ ratio in the two groups of children with infantile pneumonia were lower than those in the healthy control group ,while percentage of CD8+ cells was lower than that in the healthy control group ,had statistically significant differences(P<0 .05) .While no statistically significant differences of indicators mentioned above were found between the zinc sup‐plementary treatment group and routine treatment group before treatment(P> 0 .05) .After treatment ,the levels of serum zinc , IgA ,IgM and IgG ,percentages of CD3+ ,CD4+ cells and the CD4+ /CD8+ ratio in the zinc supplementary treatment group were higher than those in the routine treatment group ,and percentage of CD8+ cells was lower than that in the routine treatment group , had statistically significant differences(P<0 .05);while compared with the healthy control group ,levels of serum zinc ,IgA ,IgM , IgG were still lower ,had statistically significant differences(P<0 .05) .After treatment ,levels of serum zinc ,IgA ,IgM ,IgG ,per‐centages of CD3+ ,CD4+ cells and the CD4+ /CD8+ ratio in the routine treatment group were still lower than those in the healthy control group ,and percentage of CD8+ cells was still higher than that in the healthy control group ,had statistically significant differences(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Zinc can effectively improve the immune function of children with infantile pneumonia ,which might shorten treatment time and reduce adverse outcomes .

OBJECTIVE To analyze the pathogen distribution and resistance pattern of the positive clinical sputum specimens in our hospital.METHODS The bacteria and fungi were identified by API system.The susceptibility of antimicrobial and antifungal agents was tested by KB and Rosco disk diffusion method and the data were analyzed by WHONET 5.4 software.RESULTS In 2008,in our hospital,the majority of the positive specimens were distributed among cerebral surgery department,intensive care unit(ICU),respiratory and pediatric departments.The pathogens of the eight highest isolating rate were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(20%),Candida albicans(18%),Acinetobacter baumannii(10.7%),Staphylococcus aureus(6.5%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(6%),Enterobacter cloacae(4%),Haemophilus influenzae(3.8%),and Stenotropho maltophilia(3.5%).In view of the resistance,no Staphylococcus species were resistant to vancomycin,but they were resistant to many other antimicrobial agents.Gram-negative Enterobactericaeae were sensitive to carbapenems,cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam.Among nonfermenters,P.aeruginosa and S.maltophilia were resistant to the most antimicrobial agents while Acinetobacter were comparatively sensitive to carbapenems and cefoperazone/sulbactam.CONCLUSIONS The pathogens in lower respiratory tract infections have a high resistance rate to many antimicrobial agents.In view of the seriousness of this problem,we should emphasis on it and select antimicrobial agents rationally.

OBJECTIVE To study the mutation profiles of hepatitis B virus(HBV) in the core regions.METHODS Based on the sequence alignment of all HBV genotypes,specific primers targeting all HBV genotypes were designed to amplify the core region of HBV followed by sequence analysis on the sequencing data available.RESULTS Among the 34 cases,23 cases showed mutations in the core region.According to the mutation profiles,the most common mutations were the A1762T(50.0%) and G1764A(52.9%) in the basic core promoter(BCP) regions,and it always showed as double mutations.The L60V in core gene regions was the secondary common mutations(17.6%).Among all patients,there were 18,6 and 10 cases showed mutations in BCP,pre-core,and core gene regions,respectively.The most common mutations in BCP,pre-core,and core gene regions were the double mutations at A1762T and G1764A(94.7%),G1896A(83.3%),and L60V(50.0%),respectively.CONCLUSIONS The most common mutations in the core region of HBV are the double mutations at A1762T and G1764A.Analysis on the mutation profiles of HBV core regions might be helpful for the prognosis and prediction of HBV infections.

In recent years, infectious pathogens have received sustained attention because of their serious impact on the world′s health and socio-economic infrastructure. The existing common detection methods lack a certain sensitivity and specificity, the process is tedious, and they rely on more expensive auxiliary instruments and equipment. On the other hand, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) has been widely used in the monitoring of infectious diseases due to its high specificity, sensitivity, and rapid programmable characteristics, and has shown important potential significance in the research of new biosensors in nucleic acid detection. This paper describes the functional mechanism of Cas protein commonly used in CRISPR/Cas system, summarizes the latest research progress of new biosensor technology based on CRISPR/Cas system in the field of infectious disease detection, and looks forward to the technical problems to be solved and the future development direction. With more research advancement, more types of biosensing platforms based on CRISPR/Cas system are expected to be developed, paving the way for the application of POCT in the field of rapid pathogen detection.

Bronchiectasis has the characteristics of long course,gradual aggravation,easy recurrence and difficult to treat.The characteristics are similar to those arouse by incubative pathogenic factors.Based on the theory of incubative pathogenic factors,this disease is often related to the incubative pathogenic factors in the body's areas with deficient healthy qi,which occur at regular times.The etiology can be external,congenital,or internal.Treatment should focus on different characteristics of incubative pathogenic factors.Attention should be paid to clearing and dispersing in external pathogenic factors,while attention should be paid to supporting and promoting healthy qi in congenital pathogenic factors,and do not forget to remove internal pathogenic factors.