Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of chest CT in the evaluation ofchildren with suspected foreign body aspiration. Methods Chest CT was performed in 45consecutive children with suspected foreign body aspiration. The patients were examined with 16-slice Multidetector CT (MDCT) using 100 ～ 150 kV,30 ～ 50 mA, 1 mm section thickness. 1.2 pitch ratio, and 0.6 ～1.0 mm reconstruction interval. multiplanar reformatted (MPR) imaging were carried out after MDCT examinations. Results Chest CT revealed all foreign bodies in 42 of the 45 patients. Three patients with suspected foreign body aspiration did not show evidence of foreign body on CT,and they were treated with antibiotics for one week. These patients avoided unnecessary operations and recovered completely. The other 42 patients had evidence of foreign bodies in their bronchi. We designed the surgerical plan and selected appropriate foreign body forceps based on the CT scans. All of the foreign bodies were removed successfully, and no severe complications were observed. The location, shape, and volume of the foreign bodies found at surgery were consistent with the CT images. Conclusion The diagnosis of foreign body aspiration of the airwayin children can be accomplished by using chest CT. It is often useful in delineating the exact shape, location, volume and form of a bronchial foreign body and can help the surgeon plan for operative bronchoscopy and safe removal of the foreign body.

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Otolaryngology ; methods ; Semicircular Canals

Objective To study the anti-proliferation and apoptosis induction effect of cisplatin combined with Astragalus on human laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells.Methods The proliferation inhibition of cisplatin and Astragalus alone or in combination on Laryngeal cancer Hep-2cells was measured by MTT assay.Effects of cisplatin and Astragalus alone or in combination on apoptosis of Hep-2 cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM).Western blot was used to analyze the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins.Results The inhibition ratio of proliferation of Hep-2 cells was (53.83 ± 17.12) ％ in the astragalus group,(69.12 ± 27.12)％ in the cisplatin group,and (84.55 ± 27.84)％ in the cisplatin combined with Astragalus group,and was significantly greater than the control group (0％) (t =16.87,16.67,40.90,P ＜0.01),respectively.The apoptotic ratio of Hep-2 cells was (38.2 ± 13.6)％ in the astragalus group,(67.2 ± 17.8)％ in the cisplatin group,and (86.4 ± 25.1)％] in the cisplatin combined with Astragalus group,and was significantly greater than control group (17.1 ± 1.3) ％ (t =8.11,12.77,24.92,P ＜0.05),respectively.The effect in the combination group is better than the other group (t =11.33,9.37,P ＜ 0.01).The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were changed.Conclusions The tumor-killing effect of cisplatin on laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells could be enhanced significantly by the combination application of astragalus by the way of regulating the expression of Bcl-2/Bax.

Objective To study the protein expression profiles in stegnotic and normal segment of Hirschspning disease (HD) and find the differentially expressed proteins. Methods Immobilized pH gradient two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to isolate the proteins from stegnotic and normal segment of HD. After the samples were treated with silver staining,ImageMaster 2D Platinum analysis software was used to analyze the differentially expressed proteins. Results Repeatable 2-DE profiles were obtained. The mean matching rates of the stegnotic and normal mucosa were 78.1% and 86.7%,respectively. Totally, 103 spots of differentially expressed proteins were screened out between the stegnotic and the normal segment of HD. Conclusion Good reproduuibility and resolution could be obtained in the tissues of HD by applying immobilized pH gradient two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Screened differentially expressed proteins may provide the candidates of the markers for early detection of HD.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the histopathology characteristics of supraglottic carcinoma with cervical lymph node metastasis. METHOD: Sixty-six specimens from patients with supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma were imbedded in collodion, made whole-organ serial section for HE staining, and observed under light microscope. RESULT: The rate of supraglottic carcinoma with lymph node metastasis invasion to pre-epiglottic space, supraglottic space and infraparaglottic space was 100.0% (18/18), 83.3% (15/18) and 44.4% (8/18) respectively, all of which were higher than that of supraglottic carcinoma with no lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). The rate of supraglottic carcinoma with lymph node metastasis invasion to the whole pre-epiglottic space was 55.5% (10/18), and it was 29.1% (14/48) in supraglottic carcinoma without lymph node metastasis; there were significant differences between them (P < 0.05). The width and height of supraglottic carcinoma with lymph node metastasis invasion to supraglottic space was (7.4 +/- 5.2)mm, (11.6 +/- 7.6) mm, respectively. The width and height of the supraglottic carcinoma invasion to infraparaglottic space was (2.9 +/- 3.8) mm, (2.2 +/- 3.7) mm, respectively. Both of them were larger than that in supraglottic carcinoma with no lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). For the supraglottic carcinoma with lymph node metastasis, the rate of the vocal cord fixation was 44.4% (8/18), which was significantly higher than that of supraglottic carcinoma without lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The supraglottic carcinoma with lymph node metastasis has special local invasion ability, and its important characteristics is the invasion to pre-epiglottic space and paraglottic space.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Female ; Glottis ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Vocal Cords ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: Observe the therapeutic effect of low dose Roxithromycin in treating chronic sinusitis and further discuss the mechanism of Roxithromycin facile endothelial cell apoptosis. METHOD: All 47 patients who suffer chronic sinusitis at out-patient clinic from 2006. 10 to 2008. 03 were administered low dose Roxithromycin. Follow up all the patients and get polypi at 3-month and 6-month. AO/EB was employed to detect the apoptosis of endothelial cell. RESULT: At 3-month and 6-month the improvement of ventilation are 37.25 +/- 12.21, 63.15 +/- 22.78; Decrease of nasal discharge are 42.12 +/- 13.56, 74.45 +/- 28.79; alleviation of headache are 18.98 +/- 7. 66, 34.47 +/- 14.11; Improvement of olfactory are 21.23 +/- 8.41, 38.18 +/- 16.54; Apoptotic index are (39.54 +/- 6.86)% and (62.34 +/- 8.67)%, which are significantly different (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Low dose Roxithromycin has good long term curative effect in treating chronic sinusitis. Low dose Roxithromycin can greatly urge the apoptosis of endothelial cell.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Polyps ; complications ; drug therapy ; Roxithromycin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Sinusitis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between hypermethylation of human runt-related transcription factor 3 (Runx3) gene promoter and laryngeal squamous cell cancer. METHOD: Promoter hypermethylation and mRNA expression were detected by methylation-specific PCR and RT-PCR. RESULT: The expression of Runx3 gene mRNA detected in laryngeal carcinoma (1.62 +/- 1.01) was lower than that in adjacent tissues samples (5.66 +/- 2.07) (t = 10.72, P < 0.01). No methylation of Runx3 promoter was found in adjacent tissues samples. But hypermethylation was found in 95.0% (38/40) of the laryngeal carcinoma specimens. The rate of methylation of Runx3 promoter in laryngeal carcinoma was higher than that in adjacent tissues (P < 0.01). The Runx3 mRNA were down-regulated in lymphnode metastasis or poorly differentiated groups, but the Runx3 promoter methylation were detected in those groups markedly. CONCLUSION Hypermethylation of Runx3 promoter is one of the inactivation re-seasons in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and the decreasing of Runx3 mRNA expression may be related to lymph node metastasis and development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics

Objective:To study the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of primary sphenoid sinus tumors and to improve the understanding of clinicians.Methods:The clinical data of 5 cases of primary sphenoid sinus tumors diagnosed by pathology from August 2014 to June 2017 in Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were collected and reviewed. The clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment were analyzed.Results:Of the 5 patients, 1 patient was first diagnosed in neurology with headache, 2 patients were first diagnosed in ophthalmology with periorbital pain, and 2 patients were diagnosed with nasal symptoms such as decreased olfactory, nasal congestion, blood stasis, and pharyngeal foreign body sensation. In the otolaryngology department, all patients had no history of head and neck surgery before surgery. All patients underwent sinus CT and MRI. They were suspected of malignant ECT examination. There were no distant metastatic lesions and surgical contraindications. General anesthesia and endoscopic sphenoid sinus surgery was used. And assisted image navigation systems were used in 3 patients. Postoperative pathological returns showed chordoma in 1 case, adenoid cystic carcinoma in 1 case, plasmacytoma in 1 case, poorly differentiated carcinoma in 1 case, and focal malignant transformation of inverted papilloma in 1 case. Patients with chordoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, poorly differentiated carcinoma and inverted papilloma received foci surgery and were transferred to our hospital for oncology and chemotherapy. Patients with plasmacytoma only had surgery, and received no further treatment for personal reasons. Follow-up lasted 16-50 months and ended on October 1, 2018. Patients with poorly differentiated cancer were followed up for 12 months and died after liver metastases, and the other 4 patients lived well. Our department continued to follow up.Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of primary sphenoid sinus tumors are non-specific. Many of them are in advanced stage. Imaging examination plays an important role in the diagnosis of diseases and the development of surgical methods. Surgery is the main method for the treatment of this disease. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy is of great significance to improve the survival rate of patients.

Objective To analyze the gene expression profiles of nasal polyp and gene expression differences between the nasal polyp and normal nasal mucosa.Methods Total RNA from nasal polyp tissues was purified and synthesized into double-stranded cDNA.The cDNA was labeled and hybridized in a NimbleGen hybridization chamber.The slides were scanned using the Axon GenePix 4000B microarray scanner.Scanned images were analyzed using NimbleScan software.The probes and gene levels were standardized and calculated.Results Compared with normal nasal mucosa tissues,expression of 2.22％ (1 000/45 033) of genes was up-regulated in all cases of nasal polyp tissues,while 2.49％ (1 123/45 033) of genes were down-regulated in all cases of nasal polyp tissues.We found genes related to the ribosome,proteasome,citrate cycle (TCA cycle),bladder cancer,non-small cell lung cancer,glioma,endometrial cancer,protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum,chronic myeloid leukemia,and glutathione metabolism were up-regulated.Genes related to olfactory transduction,natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity,metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450,drug metabolism-cytochrome P450,antigen processing and presentation,malaria,graft-versus-host disease,retinol metabolism,linoleic acid metabolism,and pentose and glucuronate interconversions were down-regulated.Conclusion Multiple genes or pathways may be involved in the occurrence and development of nasal polyp.Gene expression profiling provides insight into the mechanism of nasal polyp development.

With the escalation of plastic bans and restrictions, bio-based plastics, represented by polylactic acid (PLA), have become a major alternative to traditional plastics in the current market and are unanimously regarded as having potential for development. However, there are still several misconceptions about bio-based plastics, whose complete degradation requires specific composting conditions. Bio-based plastics might be slow to degrade when it is released into the natural environment. They might also be harmful to humans, biodiversity and ecosystem function as traditional petroleum-based plastics do. In recent years, with the increasing production capacity and market size of PLA plastics in China, there is an urgent need to investigate and further strengthen the management of the life cycle of PLA and other bio-based plastics. In particular, the in-situ biodegradability and recycling of hard-to-recycle bio-based plastics in the ecological environment should be focused. This review introduces the characteristics, synthesis and commercialization of PLA plastics, summarizes the current research progress of microbial and enzymatic degradation of PLA plastics, and discusses their biodegradation mechanisms. Moreover, two bio-disposal methods against PLA plastic waste, including microbial in-situ treatment and enzymatic closed-loop recycling, are proposed. At last, the prospects and trends for the development of PLA plastics are presented.
Humans ; Ecosystem ; Biodegradable Plastics ; Polyesters ; Biodegradation, Environmental