OBJECTIVE: Polyurethane (PU) and silicon rubber have good biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties, easy processing and controlled properties, etc. Therefore, their researches exhibit an important significance in the designs of the medical appliance and body apparatus.DATA SOURCES: The computer respectively indexed the database articles of abroad El, SCI, CA, Science Direct (Elsevier) and Chinese periodical full text from January 1995 to May 2006, the indexed words were "Silicon rubber, polyurethane, medical materials", the article language category was limited respectively in English and Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: The relevant articles (full text) that meet the study were selected by the first trial. Inclusion criteria: ① Related to silicon rubber and polyurethane. ② The medical rubber apparatus and body organ design. Exclusion criteria: The repetitive studies.DATA EXTRACTION: Collect totally 122 relevant articles that use the medicinal rubber materials, and expel the repetitive or similar research,therefore 16 articles meeting the request.DATA SYNTHESIS: ① Medicinal gum, hose and other products: The medical stopper used for sealing is requested to have the flexibility,resistant to cold, water, oil and disinfectant, and pinprick can still keep the original closeness and gastightness, etc. ② The abroad body organs: The material of repairing fracture, skull, meninges, bridge, auricle, mandible,windpipe, tear bolt, lung membrane, heart valve, stomach, intestine,peritoneum, penis, knuckle, muscle, knee membrane, skin and breast. ③ The research and expectation of the medicinal silicon rubber and polyurethane offer more medicinal apparatus and body organ.CONCLUSION: The study of the medicinal silicon rubber and polyurethane make people design and produce more cheap artificial organ and medicinal apparatus. More materials were applied to the clinic, so that satisfy the demand of many patients.

The management of periprosthetic fracture following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains a challenging problem. Periprosthetic fractures are increased with increasing TKA times,aging,and increased activity after TKA. Periprosthetic fractures after TKA involves the femur,tibia,or patella,in particular at the supracondylar region of the femur. In addition,periprosthetic fractures can also occur in operation. According to fracture morphology,various cause factors,and the timing of fracture,a number of treatment options are available to treat this complex problem. Appropriate fracture classification would assist clinical physicians to evaluate fracture site,type,bone loss and prosthesis fixation. Because of the complexity,periprosthetic fractures often require tailored treatment to attain a more individualized treatment strategy to promote fracture healing,reconstruct bone mass and maintain joint function. Recently,with improving internal fixation materials and surgical techniques,the methods of surgical treatment of periprosthetic fracture have made great progress.

The relative content of DNA-RNA and the nuclear area/nucleolar area ratio of the hyperplastic tissue,glottic polypus,dysplastic tissue of grade I to I laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were measured in 33 cases with image analysis technique.It was found that the changes of DNA-RNA content and the ratio of nuclear/nucleolar area were parallel to those of the severity of the carcinoma,and RNA was markedly increased in grade 11 and I dysplastic tissue.On the basis of the current grading of laryngeal pathology,the combined determination of DNA-RNA can provide more sensitive indicators to the stages of malignant degeneration of the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the effect of individualized diet nursing on nasogastric gavage-indueced complications after operations on laryngeal cancer? Methods Sixty patients having undergone surgical operation on laryngeal cancer were randomly divided into experiment group and control group in equal number? The control group received nutritional support by conventional enteral nutrition and the experiment group was managed by individualized diet nursing with nasogastric feeding? On days 3 and 10 after operation,the two groups were compared in terms of body constitution,results of experimental tests and complications?Result Compared to the control group,the experiment group showed no significant difference in terms of body constitution and results of experimental tests(P > 0?05)but significantly lower rate of complications on days 3 and 10(P < 0?05)? Conclusion The individualized diet nursing for laryngeal cancer patients may ensure their needs for nutrition,meanwhile reduce the incidences of complications from enteral nutrition,and thus promote their recovery?

Anhedonia is the loss of pleasure or lack of reaction to pleasurable stimuli, which is a promising phenotype of depression. In order to explore the potential biological mechanism, the recent ad?vances were summarized from researches focused on depression with anhedonia from neuroanatomy,inflamma?tion and immunology,and molecular genetics. The structural and functional brain imaging showed that the ac?tivity in reward?related brain regions of the depressive disorder with an anhedonia was changed during re?ward?related tasks.In addition,some other genetic studies based on the related neurotransmitter,such as do?pamine, together with the findings from the researches on immunological inflammation, may shed light on finding the potential targets for novel antidepressants,besides the 5?HT.

Objective To investigate the correlation between PaCO2 and cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolism of oxygen (CMRO2), glucose (CMRglu) and lactate (CMRlact) and intracranial pressure during intracranial surgery. Methods Twenty ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ patients (6 male, 6 female), aged between 26-54yr, weighing (65 ? 11) kg scheduled for elective intracranial surgery were studied. The patients were unpremedicated. Before general anesthesia radial artery was cannulated and a catheter was inserted into internal jugular vein and advanced cranially until jugular bulb. Lumber puncture was performed at L3-4 and a catheter was inserted into subarachnoid space for 3 cm, for pressure monitoring and CSF sampling. Anesthesia was induced with diazepam 10mg, fentanyl 3-4?g?kg-1, propofol 2mg?kg-1 and vecuronium 0.08mg?kg-1 iv. The patients were mechanically ventilated with a mixture of oxygen and argon (O2 : argon = 3 : 1) after tracheal intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium. Arterial and cerebral venous blood gases, glucose and lactate levels, CBF, ICP and CSF level of lactate were determined before anesthesia when patients were awake(Ⅰ) and during anesthesia when PETCO2 = 40, 30, 20 mm Hg (Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ). CBF was measured by modified Kety-Schmidt inert gas saturation technique with argon. CMRO2 and CMRglu were calculated based on the difference in their arterial -cerebral venous blood levels. Results At PETCO2 20mm Hg (Ⅳ) CBF decreased by 57.75% and CMRO2 by 58.70% as compared with the baseline; CMRglu decreased by 46.93% as compared with the baseline. There was no significant change in lactate level, jugular venous blood O2 saturation and pH. ICP decreased from (22.14 ? 7.88)mm Hg( Ⅰ) to (17.57?5.03)mm Hg( Ⅱ ),(13.43?4.89)mm Hg(Ⅲ) and (10.00? 2.31)mm Hg(Ⅳ) and the differences were significant. All measurements were done when MAP and HR were stable. PET CO2 was (10? 2) mm Hg lower than PaCO2 . Conclusions Cerebral blood flow, cerebral oxygen and glucose metabolism and intracranial pressure change with changes in PET CO2 . Cerebral vascular reactivity to CO2 is not impaired by 1.3 MAC sevoflurane. Mild hypocapnia is necessary during neurosurgery.

Animal models are highly valuable systems that have been extensively used to elucidate human disease pathogenesis and to find therapeutic ways to treat human diseases .Since non-human primates are close to humans,monkeys are important model species in exploring the mechanisms and treatment of human neurodegenerative diseases , neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive function, and neural circuits.However, due to the lack of embryonic stem cell lines in large animals, the traditional gene targeting technology is difficult to establish primate animal models of human diseases . CRISPR/Cas9, as a recently developed tool for genome modifications , has been successfully used to target genomic loci in mouse, rat, monkey, and other species.Here, we discuss the utilization of CRISPR /Cas9 technology in establishing monkey models for studying human neurodegenerative diseases .

Biliary atresia is the most common obstructive cholangiopathy in infants.Its etiology and pathogenesis still remains unclear.Hypothetical mechanisms include genetic predisposition,viral infection,chronic inflammation or autoimmune-mediated bile duct injury,and congenital malformations of vessels or biliary tracts.The key pathogenesis is related to viral infection and immunoreaction.This review overviewed the research progress in the pathogenesis of biliary atresia in the past few years.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the occupation stress and quality of life among teachers in medical university,and analyze the correlation between the occupational stress and the quality of them.Methods Totally 249 teachers in medical university of Anhui province were investigated with the instruments of the occupational stress scale and the Chinese version of World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief(WHOQOL-BREF).Results The findings showed that:The coefficient of correlation was-0.374 between occupational stress and quality of life in teachers in medical university(r =-0.374,P ＜0.001).Conclusion The score of social relations dimension,the environment dimension and utilization of support have statistical significance with different sex and age of teachers in medical university.There was negative correlation between the occupational stress and the quality of life in teachers in medical university.

[Objective]To investigate the treatment and results of reconstruction with composite type metal raiser block of proximal tibia AORI type Ⅱ bone defect in total knee arthroplasty(TKA).[Method]Nine patients(12 knees)of reconstruction with composite type metal raiser block of proximal tibia AORI type Ⅱ bone defect in TKA were followed from August 2004 to May 2008.There were 3 males with 3 knees and 6 females with 9 knees.The average age was 69 years ranging from 48 to 76 years.[Result]The average follow-up time was 26 months,ranging from 6 to 42 months.All genu varum and genu valgum were corrected.Pain disappeared and the motion of the knee was satisfactory.The HSS knee score improved from preoprative 14.5(range 10-25)to postoprative 85.5(range 74-95).The movement range improved from preoprative 74.6?(range 15?-100?)to postoprative 110.3?(range 80?-155?).[Conclusion]The appliance of composite type metal raiser block for proximal tibia AORI type Ⅱ bone defect in total knee arthroplasty is helpful for the constancy of prothesis and the achievement rate of opration.