Objective　To explore the phenomenon of neural apoptosis after chronic compressive spinal cord injury. 　Methods　A newly designed chronic progressive compressive spinal cord injury model of rat was adopted in this study. Forty-five Wister rats were divided into mild, moderate, and severe group according to the compressive degree of the spinal cord. The Feulgen stain and TUNEL were used to investigate the apoptosis and its characteristics in different kinds of neural cells. 　 Results　Apoptosis index in moderate injury group was the highest. Apoptotic cells largely located in ventral, lateral and dorsal column of the white matter. Most of them were oligodendrocytes. Positive neuron occasionally presented in laminae Ⅲ～Ⅸ part of the sections. Most of them located in dorsal gray horn. 　Conclusions　 Apoptosis is an important event in secondary pathophysiological process of chronic progressive compressive spinal cord injury. Apoptosis is one of the reasons for neural cell death. The apoptosis of oligodendrocytos may contribute to myelin sheath disruption of white matter.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of electro-acupuncture (EA) on chronic spinal cord injury.MethodsAn animal model of moderate chronic progressive compression on spinal cord was made. Then the animals were decompressed and treated with EA. The combined behavioral scores (CBS) were tested, and the expressions of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB on the section of the rat's spinal cord were examined with immunohistochemical method.Results90 days after injury, the CBS of EA group was significantly better than that of decompression group ( P<0.05) and the number of positive ChAT cells in ventral horn of spinal cord in EA group was more than that in decompression group (P<0.05). The expressions of BDNF and TrkB enhanced after injury were recovered in the EA group.ConclusionThe electro-acupuncture may be effect on chronic spinal cord injury in rats by influencing the expressions of BDNF and its receptor, and improvs the expression and activity of ChAT.

Objective To evaluate the MRA by measuring the diameter of the stenosis artery and the contralateral normal vertebral artery with unilateral stenosis. Methods Seventeen-six patients were divided into normal group and vertebral arterial type of cervical spondylosis group.Among 26 vertebral arterial type of cervical spondylosis cases,13 cases appeared as vertebral arterial type with unilateral stenosis of ≤1.6 mm in diameter .Statistics assessment of MRA in stenosis and contralateral artery was engaged. Results The unilateral artery stenosis diameter measured

The biotransformation, CYP reaction phenotyping, the impact of CYP inhibitors and enzyme kinetics of 3-cyanomethyl-4-methyl-DCK (CMDCK), a new anti-HIV preclinical candidate belonging to DCK analogs, were investigated in human intestinal microsomes and recombinant cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. CMDCK (4 micromol L(-1)) was incubated with a panel of rCYP enzymes (CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4) in vitro. The remaining parent drug in incubates was quantitatively analyzed by a LC-MS method. CYP3A4 was identified as the principal CYP isoenzyme responsible for its metabolism in intestinal microsomes. The major metabolic pathway of CMDCK was oxidation and a number of oxidative metabolites were screened with LC-MS. The Km, Vmax, CLint and T1/2 of CMDCK obtained from human intestinal microsome were 45.6 micromol L(-1), 0.33 micromol L(-1) min(-1), 12.1 mL min(-1) kg(-1) and 25.7 min, respectively. Intestinal clearance of CMDCK was estimated from in vitro data to be 3.3 mL min(-1) kg(-1), and was almost equal to the intestinal blood flow rate (4.6 mL min(-1) kg(-1)). The selective CYP3A4 inhibitors, ketoconazole, troleandomycin and ritonavir demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on CMDCK intestinal metabolism, which suggested that co-administration of CMDCK with potent CYP3A inhibitors, such as ritonavir, might decrease its intestinal metabolic clearance and subsequently improve its bioavailability in body.

ObjectiveTo study the therapeutic mechanisms of electro-acupuncture on chronic spinal cord injury in rats.MethodsA model of chronic spinal cord injury was made. After 60 days, the pressure installs were removed, and the animals were treated with electro-acupuncture. A quantitive analysis was carried out using Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan Locomotor Rating Scale (BBB scale). The expression of Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and its receptor TrkC were observed through immunohistochemistrical method and western blotting.ResultsAfter spinal cord injury, enhanced NT-3 and TrkC immunoreactivities were evident in neurons and glial cells. Furthermore, they were diminished in the electro-acupuncture group. Meanwhile, both evoked potentials and BBB scales were improved after EA treatment (P<0.05). ConclusionThe treatment of electro-acupuncture may promote behavioral function recovery of experimental animals, and NT-3 and TrkC may take part in the recovery.

Studies have suggested that human cytomegalovirus-activated infection is closely associated with atherosclerosis. The levels of interleukin-8 increase significantly in human cyto-megalovirus infection-related atherosclerosis, inducing and aggravating inflammatory reaction through the chemokine receptors, and thus plays an important role in the process of atherosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the value of leukotriene B4(LTB4)and leukotriene E4(LTFA)in early diagnosis of renal involvement in children with Henoch Schonlein purpura(HSPN)and its influence on prognosis.Methods A total of 185 children with HSPN were enrolled in our hospital from January 2014 to October 2016.A total of 50 healthy children were selected as control group at the same period.The serum levels of LTB4 and LTFA in all subjects were detected,and their value in early diagnosis of HSPN and its influence on prognosis were analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,the serum levels of LTB4 and LT-FA in children with HSPN were significantly higher(P<0.05),the contents were 987.6 ng/L and 896.3 ng/L,respectively.The AUC of the combined detection of HSPN was 0.899 and the sensitivity was 0.810,which was better than that of LTB4 and LTB4 alone(P<0.05).The average follow-up was(28.4 ± 10.3)months,with grade A prognosis in 133 cases(71.9%),B grade in 47 ca-ses(25.4%),and C grade in 5 cases(2.7%).The rank sum test showed,the prognosis of children with LTB4<987.6 ng/L was better than that of children with LTB4≥987.6 ng/L,the prognosis of children with LTFA<896.3 ng/L was better than that of children with LTFA≥896.3 ng/L.Spearman analysis showed that the content of LTB4 and LTFA was negatively correlated with prognosis(Rs= -0.693 and -0.637,P<0.05).The higher contents of LTB4 and LTFA,the worse the prognosis.Conclusion Combined detection of LTB4 and LTFA has important clinical significance for early diagnosis and prognosis of HSPN.

Postoperative delirium, one of the common complications in patients with hip fracture, has a high incidence and poor prognosis. As there have been no effective treatments for this complication, early prediction and intervention is the most effective method available to reduce its occurrence. This study reviews the types and characteristics of the patients who suffer from postoperative delirium after hip fracture, as well as the risk factors that have been currently found. The risk prediction models for postoperative delirium are also analyzed and compared in hip fracture patients from the perspectives of cohorts included, research design, model construction and validation methods, model performance, and clinical application. The limitations of existing models are analyzed to foresee the development trend of future delirium prediction models for hip fracture patients. This study aims to help clinical healthcare professionals to identify as soon as possible those who will face a high risk for postoperative delirium after hip fracture surgery and to work out algorithms for targeted prevention and management.

This paper　explored the disease mechanism of autism spectrum disorders （ASD） from the perspectives of “vital activity” and “qi configuration”， and it is believed that “vital activity” represents the internal regulatory mechanisms of the human body， while “qi configuration” represents the ability of the body to communicate and adapt to the external environment. Abnormal genetic factors lead to the extinction of vital activity in children with ASD， resulting in increased susceptibility to ASD. Environmental instability leads to the solitary qi configuration in ASD， triggering and exacerbating the manifestations of ASD on the basis of genetic susceptibility. In addition， epigenetic mechanisms also play an important role in the pathogenesis of ASD. Imbalances in vital activity and disruptions in qi configuration result in failure in qi transformation of zang-fu organs， with abnormal symptoms manifested through the five orifices. It is proposed that the treatment of ASD should aim to achieve a harmonious interaction between “vital activity” and “qi configuration” to accelerate the recovery of affected children.

Humans ; Aged ; Processing Speed ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cognition ; Hearing Loss/psychology* ; Cohort Studies ; Cognitive Dysfunction