Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD)and risk factors in the adult population of Tianshan district in Urumqi, Xinjiang. Methods A total of 2131 residents from 4 communities in Tianshan district of Urumqi city were randomly selected using a stratified, multistage sampling. All the residents were interviewed and tested for morning spot urine of albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) (abnormal ≥ 30 mg/g), morning spot urine dipstick of hematuria ( abnormal ＞3 red blood cells/HP or greater) and pyuria ( abnormal＞ 5 white blood cells/HP) confirmed by microscopy. Renal function was determined with abbreviated MDRD equation [reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)＜60 ml ·min-1 ·(1.73 m2)-1]. The associations of kidney damage indicators with age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, income,education, cholesterol, triglyceride and smoking were examined. Results Eligible data of 2131 subjects were collected in the study. After the adjustment of age and gender component, the prevalence of albuminuria was found in 2.63％ (95％CI:1.78％-3.48％) of subjects, hematuria in 7.43％(95％CI:6.11％-8.75％) and reduced renal function in 1.72％(95％CI:1.08％-2.35％).Approximately 9.99％(95％CI:8.47％-11.55％) of subjects had at least one indicator of kidney damage. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that albuminuria, hematuria, age and hyperuricemia were independently associated with reduced renal function. Hematuria and reduced renal function were independently associated with albuminuria. Albuminuria, reduced renal function and female were independently associated with hematuria. Conclusion In urban adult population over 35 years old of Urumqi, a big city in western China, the prevalence of CKD is 9.99％, the recognition is 2.44％ and the risk factors of CKD are similar to those of other domestic big cities and western developed countries.

Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological characterization of primary esophageal benign tumor (EBT). Methods:A total of 1,058 EBTs were enrolled from 500,000 cases in an esophageal and cardiac tumor biological sample and clinical information data-base of Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research (1973-2015) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. SPSS 21.0 software was applied for data analysis. Results:In this database, 1,058 cases with primary EBTs among the 249,246 esopha-geal tumor patients with detailed clinical and pathological information were identified with an incidence of 0.42%(1,058/249,246). A total of 544 patients were male with an average age of 50±11 years old, whereas 514 patients were female, with an average age of 52± 11 years old. Among the 10 types of EBTs, leiomyoma was the most common type (84.50%, 894/1,058), followed by papilloma (6.90%, 73/1058). Adenoma (0.38%, 4/1,058) was the rarest type. Leiomyoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and neurofibroma mainly oc-curred in male patients. By contrast, lipoma, granulosa cell tumor, schwannoma, and hemangioma mainly occurred in female patients.All five cases of hamartoma occurred only in female patients. Given the incidence of≥50%as the common standard, the common EBT in sequence in young male patients was leiomyoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor, whereas that in young female patients was granulosa cell tumor and lipoma. The common EBT in sequence in older male patients was papilloma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and leiomyoma, whereas that in older female patients was schwannoma, papilloma, leiomyoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and hamartoma. Additionally, lipoma, hemangioma, neurofibroma, and adenoma in male patients and neurofibroma in female patients oc-curred in older patients. The different ages of patients with EBTs (P=0.034) and leiomyoma (P=0.004) had a statistical significance. In these EBTs, leiomyoma, papilloma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and schwannoma mainly occurred in the middle esophagus, where-as lipoma mainly occurred in the lower esophagus. The major treatment for EBT in the present study was surgery (57.54%, 492/855), which was followed by endoscopic resection (38.01%, 325/855) and others (4.45%, 38/855). Conclusion:The incidence of EBT is low, with a couple of different histological types. Gender, age, and predilection sites are different depending on the histological types of EBTs. Surgery and endoscopic resection are the major treatment methods.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, treatments, and survival of patients with esophageal adeno-squamous carcinoma (EASC). Methods:A total of 494 patients with EASC were selected from the clinical information databases of 500, 000 cases with esophageal and gastric cardiac carcinomas in the Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research. Among the 494 EASC cases, 361 were males with an average age of 61.47 ± 8.32 years, and 133 were females with an average age of 65.56 ± 8.06 years. SPSS 21.0 software was applied to determine the statistical differences among the different groups. A life-table method was also used to calculate the five-year survival rate. A linear regression model was used to analyze the correlation of changes at different peri-ods. Results:The incidence of EASC in our database was 0.196%(494/251707). EASC occurred predominantly in male patients (male:female=2.71:1.00). The peak age was within 60-69 years in both males and females (39.6%vs. 40.6%). Notably, the incidence of male patients showed a downward trend (R2=0.063), whereas that of female patients showed an upward trend (R2=0.004). The prevalence of EASC was obviously higher in low-incidence areas for esophageal cancer than in high-incidence areas (53.1%vs. 46.9%, P<0.001). Ac-cording to the TNM staging criteria for esophageal cancer, phases II and III patients comprised the majority of cases, which accounted for 40.8%(173/424). The positive lymph node metastasis rate was 47.0%(206/438), and the number of positive lymph node metasta-ses ranged within 1-2 (48.5%, 100/206). In addition, preoperative biopsy was performed in 467 cases, and more than half of the pa-tients (53.96%, 252/467) were diagnosed before the operation. Surgical resection was the predominant treatment method for EASC (88.8%, 419/472). Only 1.9%patients (9/472) underwent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The five-year survival rate of male patients who were neither smoking nor drinking of alcohol was higher than that of male smokers (26.5%vs. 12.1%). In patients with stagesⅠ,Ⅱ, andⅢ+Ⅳcarcinomas with surgery as lone treatment, the three-year survival rates were 64.7%, 50.9%, and 48.5%, respectively. Correspondingly, these rates were 51.7%, 47.8%, and 33.1%after adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Conclusion:EASC is a rare type of esophageal malignant tumor. The preoperative biopsy pathological diagnosis has high misdiagnosis rate. Smoking and drinking of alcohol can influence the prognosis of patients. In EASC patients, lymph node metastasis easily occurs, and a simple surgery is bet-ter than other cancer treatments.

Objective: To analysis the pathogenic mutation and the clinical characteristics of a three generation family with congenital pulverulent cataract. Methods: A congenital cataract family was chosen from the First Affiliated Hospital of AnHui Medical University, 5 ml peripheral blood was obtained from each family member to extract genomic DNA.Next generation sequencing was used to detect the mutation in proband (Ⅱ5), Ⅱ6 and Ⅲ8, and Sanger sequencing was applied to verify pathogenic mutation in the whole family members.The mutation site was compared with the gene sequence of 10 000 normal Chinese.PolyPhen-2 and SIFT were applied to analysis the alteration on the protein structure and function and its possible pathogenesis.This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of AnHui Medical University (NO.PJ2017-5-17). All patients signed informed consent. Results: The pedigree consisted of 19 members of three generations, including 10 patients and 9 normal family members.Heterozygous mutation of GJA3 gene c. 427G>A (p.G143R) was detected in all patients of the pedigree, but was not found in normal members of the pedigree and 10 000 normal Chinese.The score calculated from SIFT and PolyPhen-2 indicated that the mutation probably had malignant effect on normal protein structure, Swiss-model website analysis showed that the mutation likely altered the secondary structure of the protein CX 46 by reducing an α-helix between 107-115 amino acids.Meanwhile, c.1325-1G>T mutation of HSF4 gene were detected in Ⅱ5 and Ⅲ8, which was not found in other family members and 10 000 normal Chinese.HSF and MaxEntScan results showed that the mutation probably had serious effect on the splicing of mRNA.The cataract development rates of Ⅱ5 and Ⅲ8 were faster than that of the same age in the same generation of the pedigree, and the morphology of lens opacity was changed. Conclusions The heterozygous c. 427G>A mutation in GJA3 gene is responsible for pulverulent cataract in this family, meanwhile the c. 1325-1G>T mutation in HSF4 gene may change the type of phacoscotasmus and accelerate the progress of disease.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the risk factors for genitourinary fistulas and delayed fistula recognition after radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of data collected in the Major Surgical complications of Cervical Cancer in China (MSCCCC) database from 2004–2016. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and hospital characteristics were extracted. Differences in the odds of genitourinary fistula development were investigated with multivariate logistic regression analyses, and differences in the time to recognition of genitourinary fistula were assessed by Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: In this study, 23,404 patients met the inclusion criteria. Surgery in a cancer center, a women’s and children’s hospital, a facility in a first-tier city, or southwest region, stage IIA, type C1 hysterectomy, laparoscopic surgery and ureteral injury were associated with a higher risk of ureterovaginal fistula (UVF) (p<0.050). Surgery in southwest region, bladder injury and laparoscopic surgery were associated with greater odds of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) (p<0.050). Surgery at cancer centers and high-volume hospitals was associated with an increase in the median time to UVF recognition (p=0.016; p=0.005). International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIA1-IIB was associated with delayed recognition of VVF (p=0.040). Conclusion Intraoperative urinary tract injury and surgical approach were associated with differences in the development of UVFs and VVFs. Patients who underwent surgery in cancer centers and high-volume hospitals were more likely to experience delayed recognition of UVF. Patients with FIGO stage IIA1-IIB disease were more likely to experience delayed recognition of VVF.

ObjectiveTo investigate the population with an advantage of clinical cure previously treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs), and to provide more methods for clinicians in pursuing the clinical cure of hepatitis B. MethodsA total of 42 chronic hepatitis B patients with low-level HBsAg who received NAs treatment in Hebi Third People’s Hospital from October 2017 to October 2019 were enrolled as subjects and divided into combination treatment group (group A) and NA monotherapy group (group B). The 22 subjects in group A were treated with NAs combined with PEG-IFN antiviral therapy for 48 weeks, and some patients withdrew from PEG-IFN after 24 weeks and continued to receive NA monotherapy, while the 20 subjects in group B received NA antiviral therapy alone. Both groups were observed till week 48, and the five makers for hepatitis B were measured to evaluate clinical outcome. The t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups; a multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to perform a multivariate analysis. ResultsCompared with group B at the 48-week treatment endpoint, group A had significantly higher HBsAg clearance rate (45.5% vs 0, P＜0.01) and HBsAg seroconversion rate (31.8% vs 0, P＜0.01). The population with HBsAg ＜1000 IU/ml, ＜500 IU/ml, ＜100 IU/ml, and ＜10 IU/ml had an HBsAg clearance rate of 52.6%, 61.5%, 66.7%, and 100%, respectively, and the population with an HBsAg level of 500-1000 IU/ml, 100-500 IU/ml, 10-100 IU/ml, and ＜10 IU/ml had an HBsAg clearance rate of 33.3%, 50%, 40%, and 100%, respectively. The 4 patients with baseline HBsAg ＜10 IU/ml (accounting for 18.2% in group A) achieved clinical cure at week 12 of combined treatment, and after observation to week 48, 2 patients had an anti-HBs level of ＞100 IU/ml and 2 had an anti-HBs level of ＞1000 IU/ml. The multivariate logistic regression analysis of HBsAg clearance showed that age at the initiation of combined treatment affected HBsAg clearance (odds ratio ［OR］=0.877, 95% confidence interval ［CI］: 0.781-0.985, P=0.026), and most of the patients with HBsAg clearance had an age of 36-49 (44.20±4.49) years; baseline HBsAg level also had an impact on HBsAg clearance (OR=0.996, 95% CI: 0.992-1.000, P=0.050). ConclusionThe addition of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients with low-level HBsAg previously treated with NAs can significantly improve the clinical cure rate. The younger the age and the lower the HBsAg level, the shorter the duration of combined treatment. Age and baseline HBsAg level are more important than the duration and type of NA medication.

Objective:To study the macrolides resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) in Suzhou area, and try to explore the relationship between drug resistance and refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP). Methods:From a series of hospitalized children who were diagnosed as Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) from October 2013 to September 2014 in Suzhou area, 48 children were treated with Azithromycin (10 mg/kg, once a day, intravenous drip for 5-7 days), and the clinical symptoms and chest imaging were still progressing so they were clinically diagnosed as RMPP, and 34 children who were successfully treated with macrolides antibiotics (MA) were clinically diagnosed as general MPP (GMPP). MP DNA was extracted from the airway secretion of children in the two groups, and the point mutations of 2063 and 2064 of 23S rRNA were sequenced, and according to the MP 23S rRNA sequencing results, the children were divided into macrolides antibiotic resistant MP group (MRMP) and macrolides antibiotic sensitive MP group (MSMP). The clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Results:In the MRMP group, the incidence of RMPP was 62.2% (46/74 cases), while in MSMP group, the incidence of RMPP was 25.0% (2/8 cases). The point mutation of MP 23S rRNA had no significant effect on the occurrence of RMPP ( χ2=2.719, P=0.099). Compared with MRMP group, MSMP group presented shorter fever time and less glucocorticoid use.No significant differences between the two groups were found in chest imaging examination, as well as some laboratory results, including the total number and classification of white blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB). Conclusions:The fever duration of MPP lasted more than 1 week, suggesting the possibility of macrolides resistance of MP, but macrolides resistance did not aggravate the occurrence of RMPP.It is unreliable to judge the MRMP by chest imaging features and laboratory results.

Schizophrenia is a common chronic mental disorder.Cognitive dysfunction is one of its core symptoms,which severely affects the social functioning of patients.Currently,antipsychotic medication treatments have poor efficacy in improving cognitive functions.Recent studies have found that metformin can improve cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia.However,the mechanism of action remains unclear.This review summarizes the therapeutic effects of metformin on cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia patients such as improving insulin resistance,repairing neuronal damage,regulating neuroimmunity,and combating oxidative stress,thereby providing new insights for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Objective:To explore the relationship between anhedonia and suicidal ideation and the effects of anhedonia on suicidal ideation in patients with first-episode untreated depressive disorder.Methods:Totally 106 in-patients who met the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorder of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM-5)were invited to participate in the study.Anhedonia,depressive symptoms and sui-cidal ideation were assessed with the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale(SHAPS),Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation(BSI),respectively.If both items 4 and 5 of BSI were 0,it indicated non-suicidal ideation,the subjects were divided into a group of suicidal ideation(n=66)and a group non-suicidal ideation(n=40).Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were used for a-nalysis.Results:The correlation between the scores of SHAPS and HAMD was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The SHAPS scores were positively correlated with the BSI scores(r=0.70,P＜0.01).Meanwhile,binary logistic regression analysis showed that anhedonia was one of a risk factor for suicidal ideation(OR=2.34,95％CI:1.58-3.47,P＜0.001).Conclusion:It suggests that anhedonia maybe partially independent of other depres-sive symptoms and it is one of the risk factors for suicidal ideation in first-episode untreated patients with depressive disorder.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; metabolism ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; metabolism