Objective To explore the effects of ischemic postconditioning on myocardial apoplosis in the heart of diabetic rat and investigate (he signal transduction pathway changes induced by ischemia postconditioning. Methods Diabetic model was induced by streptozotozin (STZ)45 mg/kg. All rats were injected with STZ intravenously and randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 /group):(1) Ischernia-reperrusion (IR) group:the rats were subjected to 30 minutes ischemia by left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion (LADO),and reperfusion without additional intervention; (2) IPost plus wortmannin group.after 30 minutes of LADO,rats were treated with wortmannin (15 μg/kg, iv) at 5 minutes before coronary reperfusion,and then followed by IPost treatment and 2 hours reperfusion; (3) IPost group:after 30 minutes of LADO,the coronary artery was occluded for 30 seconds and repeated 3 limes. The coronary artery was reperfused for 2 hours; (4)IR plus wortmannin group:at 5 minutes before coronary reperfusion, rats were treated with wortmannin (15 μg/kg,iv) and followed by 2 hours reperhision. Myocardial apoptosis was measured by TUNEL,and the myocardial Bcl-2,Bax, Phospho-Alct (ser473) and Akt expression were assessed by Western blot. Results Compared with other groups,myocardial apoptosis and Bax protein expression significantly reduced (P < 0.01),and the Bcl-2 protein expression,the ratio of Phospho-Akt (ser473) to Akt increased significantly (P< 0.01). Phosphatidylionsitol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin prevented the increase of Bcl-2 protein expression, the ratio of Phospho-Akt (ser473) to Akt. Conclu-sion Ischemic postconditioning can reduce the myocardial apoplosis in the heart of diabetic rat. The effects were partly mediated through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo investigate changes of the level of serum thyroxine after different style operation on thyroid gland,for guiding replacement therapy after surgery. MethodsTo select patients randomly,include the excision of adenoma of thyroid、the lobectomy of unilateral thyroid、the subtotal ectomy of bilateral thyroid and total resection of bilateral thyroid quaque forty,among the total,the patients who suffererd the total resection of bilateral thyroid take thyroxine 40mg bid orally everyday. To detect the serum thyroxine in all of the patients, when preoperation、ten days after operation、one month after operation and three months after operation. ResultsThe serum thyroxine in patients who suffererd the excision of adenoma of thyroid were had no marked changes compare to preoperation; Serum FT3 、FT4 in patients suffer the lobectomy of unilateral thyroid are lower than preoperation when ten days after operation (P＜0.01) ;Serum FT3、FT4 in patients sufferred subtotal ectomy of bilateral thyroid were lower than preoperation,when ten days after operation and one month after operation( P ＜ 0.01 ), then returned to the level of preoperation when three months after operation;the serum thyroxine of patients who sufferred the total resection of bilateral thyroid had no marked changes compare to preoperation,when they taker thyroxine 40mg bid orally everyday. ConclusionThe serum thyroxine level of patients who suffer the lobectomy of unilateral thyroid、the subtotal ectomy of bilateral thyroid and total resection of bilateral thyroid is lower than preoperation at different degree, they should be given replacement therapy properly.

Strengthening the construction of supervisor team has great effects on the improvement of the quality of postgraduate education.Some problems exist in China's current situation of the construction of supervisor team.For example,the quality of supervisors needs to be improved,the quantitative evaluation system is not scientific,the quantity of professional degree supervisors is not enough,and the dynamic evaluation mechanism is imperfect and so on.Strengthening the construction of supervisor team from the development of scientific and rational quantitative evaluation index system,the selection of professional degree supervisors,the enhancement of supervisor training and some other aspects,can effectively improve the quality of postgraduate education.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a new kind of natural biological nano-materials which displays unique physical, chemical and mechanical properties. It has high bioactivity, good biocompatibility, and biodegradability. BC fiber has a nanoporous structure and certain nano-pore size distribution, and a large number of nanopores can be used as a "template". BC can be used as a template to synthesize nano-composite materials with three-dimensional network structure through biomimetic synthesis. BC can also be used as a template to stabilize and disperse the polymers which are easily assembled into a cluster or bundle in the ultra-fine fiber network structure. The BC template could be removed in order to change or optimize the properties of the composite material. The process can make use of the synergy between the BC template and inorganic materials to make a new type of hollow molecular sieve. It can synthesize a variety of nanoscale metal oxides with the hollow network. The present study of template svnthesis based on BC is introduced in this paper.

Objective To study the affecting factors of the activities of daily living in patients after abdominal surgery.Methods Using survey methodology,95 abdominal surgery patients were investigated br general condition questionnaire and Barthel index scales.The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis,t test,variance analysis and multiple regression analysis.Results The total number of valid return was 91.and the valid usable return rate was 95.8% .The affecting factors of recovery to ADL2 of abdominal surgery patients after operation were gender,age,education level,economic condition,type of illness,postoperation complications,operation times,nutrition risk scores and activities of daily living of preoperation,and the differences were significant.The affecting factors of recovery to ADL1 of abdominal surgery patients after operation were age,education level economic condition,marital status,type of illness,postoperation complications,nutrition risk scores and activities of daily living of preoperation,the differences wen significant.Conclusions The affecting factors of ADL of abdominal surgery patients after operation were gender,age,education level economic level,type of illness,postoperation complications,marital status,operation times,nutrition risk scores and activities of daily living of preoperation.

In recent years, problem of postgraduate academic misconduct has become more and more serious and has caused the attention of majority of educators and academics. In this paper , the con-notation of postgraduate academic misconduct was defined based on academic standards and comparison was made between academic misconduct and academic corruption. Meanwhile , this paper pointed out problems existed in the current postgraduate academic ethnic construction and analyzed main causes of academic misconduct. Finally, this paper introduced the success experiences of Chongqing Medical Uni-versity in preventing postgraduate academic misconduct from the aspects of system construction , propa-ganda and education, supervision in postgraduate training process, strict control of graduate thesis,etc.

Objective To investigate the impact of isoniazid (INH)-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) on the prevalence and dissemination of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).Methods A total of 251 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis in designated hospitals of Guanyun,Jiangsu and Deqing,Zhejiang from 2010 to 2011 were included in the study.The drug susceptibility tests (DST) were performed on all the Mtb isolates available from the sputum cultures.Mycobacteral interspersed repetitive units-variable number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) was conducted for genotyping for all available Mtb isolates.Chi-square test,Fisher exact test,ANOVA and non-conditional Logistic regression modelling were applied for data analysis.Results Among 251 patients with Mtb isolates and DST results available,72 (28.7％) were resistant to INH,including 13 were INH mono-drug resistant.Of the remaining 59 INH-resistant Mtb,34 (13.5％) were resistant to rifampin TB and 25 were resistant to streptomycin and/or ethambutol.The clustering analysis based on MIRU-VNTR genotyping revealed 29 clustered genotypes (including 105 isolates) and 146 unique genotypes (including 119 isolates).Twentyfive clusters contained drug resistant Mtb and 16 clusters of them comprised by 37 INH-resistant isolates and 20 MDR-TB isolates,which accounted for 51.4％ of the INH-resistant isolates and 58.8％ of the MDR-TB isolates.Single factor analysis showed that sex,age,previous tuberculosis treatment history and sputum smear results were all related to INH-resistant tuberculosis and MDR-TB (all P ＜ 0.05).Multiple factors analysis showed that previous tuberculosis treatment history was risk factor of MDR-TB (OR=8.40,95 ％CI:3.342-21.105),while the risk factors of INH-resistant tuberculosis were previous tuberculosis treatment history (OR=3.52,95％CI:1.570-7.910),pulmonary caviry (OR=2.27,95％CI:1.075-4.799) and sputum smear results (OR=0.50,95％CI:0.275-0.892).Conclusions That INH-resistant strain may evolve to the MDR-TB after recent transmission is a possible trend.Patients with previous treatment history and advanced age are at high risk of INH-resistant tuberculosis and MDR-TB.

Objective: To identify the relationship between the expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 12 (PTPN12) and radiotherapy effect in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and to determine whether PTPN12 deficiency can sensi-tize lung cancer cells to irradiation. Methods: From September 2013 to October 2014, 92 NSCLC patients undergoing radiotherapy with or without platinum-based combination chemotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. Before the treatment, PTPN12 expression was detected through immunohistochemistry. After the completion of radiotherapy, the patients' responses were assessed and radio-therapeutic efficacy analyzed. The human NSCLC cell line H1299 was infected with shPTPN12 knockdown, and colony survival assay was analyzed after irradiation. Chi-square test was used to examine the correlation between PTPN12 expression and clinicopathologi-cal characteristics. Univariate analyses and Logistic regression test were used to analyze the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and radiotherapeutic response. Results: Patients with low PTPN12 expression were more sensitive to radiotherapy than those with high PTPN12 expression (80.0%vs. 57.1%, P=0.018). Multivariate analysis showed that PTPN12 expression was the on-ly independent predictor of radiotherapeutic response in NSCLC. The H1299-shPTPN12-knockdown cells were sensitive to irradiation. Conclusions:The results of the study indicated that downregulation of PTPN12 improved the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells.

Objective Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Auto-HSCT) has been widely used in hematological malignancies.To mobilize and harvest sufficient number of peripheral CD_(34)~+ cells is one of key issues for auto-HSCT. Peripheral CD_(34)~+ cell numeration has been used as an indicator for apheresis while we mostly rely on the peripheral WBC or MNC count. In this study, we try to evaluate the association of peripheral CD_(34)~+ count to the CD_(34)~+ cells number in the apheresis product and to find out a potential threshold. Methods From Jan 2007 to Dec 2009, a total of 57 apherosis for auto-HSCT were analysed. All patients were mobilized by cyclophophamide (CTX) plus G-CSF(5-10μg/kg) regimen. The apheresis were performed with COBE SPECTRA VERSION 6 and CD_(34)~+ count of both peripheral and apheresis products were analysed by flow cytometry. Results The median number of MNC in apheresis products was 4.6(0.3-10.5)×10~8/kg with median CD_(34)~+ cells at 2.4(0.16-34.9)×10~6/kg. The peripheral CD_(34)~+ count was the only parameter associated with the MNC and CD_(34)~+ cell numbers in the apheresis products while the WBC number was irrelevant to the results of apheresis. Our data showed that when the peripheral CD_(34)~+ count reach 15/μl, the efficacy of a single apheresis significantly improved with 81 % and 60 % reached 1 and 2×10~6 CD_(34)~+ cells/kg respectively and the total number of MNC and CD_(34)~+ cells were significantly superior to apheresis with peripheral CD_(34)~+ cells <15/μl, thus indicated that CD_(34)~+ ≥15 /μl can be used as the threshold for apheresis. Furthermore, the ROC analysis demonstrated that CD_(34)~+ cells ≥25(26.5-28.6) /μl is the best indicator level for a successful single apheresis. Conclusion Our study clearly showed that peripheral CD_(34)~+ cell count is a key indicator of apherosis. CD_(34)~+ cells at 15/μl can be used as the threshold to start apheresis in the clinical setting.

Objective To investigate the influence of alprostadil on renal function,oxidative stress,and immune function in early diabetic nephropathy patients.Methods Eighty-six cases of early diabetic nephropathy patients in our hospital during April 2013 to January 2016 were chosen as research subjects,all patients were divided into observation (n =43) and control (n =43) groups according to random data form.Patients in observation group received alprostadil combined with pioglitazone treatment and those in control group received pioglitazone treatment only,both lasted for one month.Before treatment,one month after treatment,renal function indices were detected;serum oxidative stress indices were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer;T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry.Results Before treatment,there were no significant differences in renal function,oxidative stress,immune function between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).One month after treatment,peripheral blood renal function indices such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN),estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),and cystatin C (CysC) levels were lower in observation group than in control group,the level of serum albumin (Alb) was higher in observation group than in control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05);semm oxidation indices malondialdehyde (MDA),and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were lower in observation group than in control group,human antioxidant indices such as superoxide dismutase (SOD),and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were higher in observation group than in control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05);peripheral blood CD3 +,CD4 + T lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4 +/CD8 + were higher in observation group than in control group,CD8 +T lymphocyte level was lower in observation group than in control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Alprostadil can optimize the renal function and immune function in early diabetic nephropathy patients,reduce the degree of oxidative stress.