Objective　To evaluate the clinical diagnostic value of 99Tcm-tetrofosmin in the imaging of breast carcinoma and axillary lymph node metastases and to compare with that of 99Tcm-MIBI. Methods　52 females with breast masses were examined by 99Tcm-tetrofosmin scintigraphy and 99Tcm-MIBI scintigraphy.All the results were compared with that from pathologic study. Results　26 patients were found to have a primary malignancy of the breast ,whereas 30 had benign disease. 99Tcm-tetrofosmin breast imaging showed abnormal uptake in 21 of 26 malignancies and in 11 of 16 axillary lymph node metastases.The sensitivity ,specificity, and accuracy values obtained with 99Tcm-tetrofosmin and 99Tcm-MIBI scintigraphy for breast carcinoma were 80.8%, 76.7%, 78.6%,and 73.1%,73.3%,73.2%, respectively. The values obtained with 99Tcm-tetrofosmin and 99Tcm-MIBI scintigraphy for axillary lymph node metastases were 68.8%, 80.0%, 76.0%,and 75.0%,80.0%,76.9%, respectively. Conclusions　Both of the two techniques are effective in the differentiation of malignant breast mass-es from benign ones and in detecting axillary lymph node metastases.However , 99Tcm-tetrofosmin is superior to 99Tcm-MIBI in detecting breast carcinoma.

Objective To analyze the clinical significance of modified thyroidectomy by trans-isthmus approach.Methods The clinical data of 5 751 patients who underwent thyroidectomy from Jan.1996 to Jan.2006 were retrospectively analyzed.All cases were divided into two groups.The modified operation group(n=3288) was treated by trans-isthmus thyroidectomy.Another group(n=2463) was treated by routine approach.The operation time,bleeding volume,and complications were observed and compared.Results In modified operation group,the mean operation time,bleeding volume,temporary injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve,tracheal discomfort,and hypocalcemia were significantly decreased than those in routine approach group(P

The effects of different concentrations of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) on the fibrovascular ingrowth into rabbits hydroxyapatite orbital implant were investigated. Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 3 groups and received hydroxyapatite orbital implant surgery in their right eyes. Before and after the operation, the implants were treated with 10 ng/ml VEGF, 100 ng/ml VEGF, or normal saline as control group. The animals received technetium bones scan at 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively. The mean radioactivity counts within region of interest (ROI) of the surgery eye (R) and the non-surgery eye (L) in the same animal were tested, and the R/L ratios were calculated. The implants were harvested at 6th weeks and examined histopathologically. The results showed that at second week, there was no significant difference in mean R/L ratios between VEGF group and control group (F=2.83, P=0.111); At 4th week (F=7.728, P=0.011) and 6th week (F=7.831, P=0.011) postoperatively, the mean ratios in VEGF groups were significantly higher than that in control group. At 6th week postoperatively, the fibrovascularization rates in VEGF groups were higher than in control group significantly (F=8.711, P=0.008). It was suggested that VEGF could promote the fibrovascular ingrowth into hydroxyapatite orbital implant, thus might shorten the time required for complete vascularization of the HA orbital implant.
Eye, Artificial ; *Hydroxyapatites ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/*drug effects ; Orbit/blood supply ; *Orbital Implants ; Random Allocation ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*pharmacology

Background Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disease and mainly leads to optical nerve degeneration.Its primary mechanism is synthesis disorder of DN4 protein due to variation of mtDNA 11778 locus.So to construct a vector with exogenous normal ND4 and transfect into mitochondria is a key of gene therapy for LHON.Objective This study was to investigate the in vitro transfection of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-ND4 gene into mitochondria.Methods Human renal epithelial cell lines transfected adenovirus E1A (293 cells) were regularly cultured and divided into two groups.Framework plasmids of recombinant AAV-ND4 or simple AAV2 were added to the cell medium respectively.The expression of ND4 in cells were located 12,24,36 and 48 hours after transfected by Y03 dual fluorescent quantum dots staining.The positive response for ND4 showed the green fluorescence.Results Cultured 293 cells grew well with 80％ confluence.Abundant green fluorescence particles were seen in cytoplasm in the AAV-ND4 transfected group,but only red fluorescence from mitochondrial protein was seen in the simple AAV transfected group under the fluorescence microscope.Conclusions Exogenous ND4 protein can been successfully transfected into mitochondria using the ND4 gene constructed AAV.This result provides experimental evidence for the further study on gene therapy of LHON.

Background Researchers are paying increasing attention to the effect of cellular senescence in vascular dysfunctional diseases,and it is hypothesized that cellular senescence may also be involved in the development of diabetes related vascular complications.The outstanding feature of cellular senescence is the upregulation of beta-galactosidase.Objective This study was to investigate the effects of high glucose on cell senescent in vitro and in vivo on bovine retinal endothelial cells (BRVECs) and mouse retina.Methods BRVECs were cultured and passaged,and the seventh generation of cells were employed in this study.The cells were divided into the control group and the high glucose culture group and cultivated using M199 medium containing 5.5 mmol/L or 25.0 mmol/L glucose,respectively.5-bromine-chlorine-4-3-indole-beta D galactose glucoside (X-Gal) staining was used to examine the expression of beta-galactosidase in the cells.Diabetic models were established in the SPF male C57BL/6J mice aged 8-10 weeks by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ),and the age-and gendermatched normal mice served as controls.The mouse retinas were collected and starched in the 48-well plates 3 months later.X-Gal staining was employed to calculate the positive cells.Results BRVECs grew well 24 hours after culture but showed irregular arrangement.Forty-eight hours later,the cells reached confluence with a tight connect.The ratios of positive BRVECs and total cells were (51.4±5.4) ％ and (36.6-±3.8) ％ in the high glucose culture group and the control group,with a significant difference between the two groups (t =-3.204,P =0.033).The number of positive cells for X-Gal in mouse retinas was (94.0± 15.1) /field in the diabetic group,which was higher than that in the control group ([60.0 ± 5.7]/field) (t =-2.974,P =0.041).Conclusions High glucose environment accelerates senescence of retinal cells,and high glucose induces premature cell senescence,which likely plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.

Objective:To survey the expression of MMP-1,MMP-2 of human periodontal ligament cells(HPDLCs)treated by tea polyphenols(TP)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Methods:HPDLCs were in vitro cultured in vitro and treated by TP(200 μg/ml) and /or LPS(100 μg/ml)for 24,48 and 72 h respectively,the secretion of MMP-1 and MMP-2 were examined by ELISA,MMP-1 and MMP-2 mRNA expression was examined by real-time PCR.Results:The secression and mRNA expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2 of HPDLCs increased by LPS treatment and significantly inhibited by TP at the different times.Conclusion:TP can inhibit the col-lagen degradation of HPDLCs mediated by LPS.

Purpose To investigate the diagnostic value of ~(18)F-flurorodeoxyglucose (~(18)F-FDG) PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) on multiple myeloma.Materials and Method ~(18)FDG PET/CT imaging findings were retrospectively analyzed in 31cases with multiple myeloma proved by bone marrow aspiration or biopsy from August 2005 to June 2009. Results The PET/CT imaging characteristics were categorized into three types: ① osseous destruction (n=28): Osseous destruction with active metabolism was found in this type combined with no extramedullary organs involvement. The SUV_(max) ranged from 2.5 to 15.4, and the SUV_(arg) ranged from 2.0 to 11.3. ② Extramedullary organ involvement (n=2): Besides osseous destruction, extramedullary organs involvement were detected in this type demonstrating active metabolism in varying degrees. The SUV_(max) ranged from 2.2 to 8.3 and the SUV_(avg) ranged from 1.7 to 6.5. ③ Diffuse bone marrow infiltration (n=1): Diffuse hypermetabolism without osseous destruction was found in the whole body bone marrow with the SUV_(max) of 13.4 and SUV_(avg) of 8.8.Conclusions ~(18)FDG PET/CT can accurately demonstrate the morphology, extent and activity of multiple myeloma, thus facilitating the clinical staging, whereas multiple osteolytic osseous metastases and osseous lymphoma should be excluded for certain cases.

OBJECTIVETo explore the value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (ET).

METHODSThe imaging data from 88 cases of ET undergoing (18)F-FDG PET/CT examinations between August, 2005 and May, 2011 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSAll the 88 cases showed high (18)F-FDG uptake on PET imaging with a SUVmax ranging from 1.3 to 23.2. In 19 of the 88 cases, the extrapulmonary lesions were misdiagnosed as malignant neoplasms. Twenty-two patients were found to have phthisis. According to locations, the lesions were classified into 4 basic types, namely membranous tuberculosis (36 cases) with soft tissue thickening as the main manifestation (only 6 cases did not present with obvious thickening), lymphatic tuberculosis (44 cases) with lymph node enlargement (ill-defined edge in 22 cases, central necrosis in 3 cases, and ring-like enhancement in enhanced CT scan in 6 cases), osteoarticular tuberculosis ( 28 cases) with the main findings of osteolytic destruction with or without osteosclerosis (tuberculosis of the spine was characterized by disc damage and paravertebral cold abscess; only one case showed high FDG uptake without bone destruction), and organ tuberculosis (25 cases) involving the liver, spleen, pancreas, kidney and brain, where lesions of low density were detected in CT scan (3 cases showed ring-like enhancement). In cases of organ tuberculosis, nasopharyngeal and laryngeal tuberculosis showed soft tissue thickening, and intestinal tuberculosis presented with slight intestinal wall thickening (involving multiple segments in 2 cases). Of the 88 cases, 30 had two or more than two lesion types.

CONCLUSIONPET/CT can accurately demonstrate the morphology, extent of involvement and uptake activity of the ET lesions to assist the early diagnosis and treatment of ET. Enhanced CT scan also helps in the differential diagnosis of the lesions.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo assess the value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of solitary nodular-type bronchoalveolar carcinoma (BAC).

METHODSThe clinical and radiographic data were analyzed retrospectively in 30 patients with pathologically confirmed solitary nodular-type BAC who underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT examinations between August, 2005 and December, 2006. The morphological and radioactive findings of the lesions were reviewed, and the maximum standard uptake values (SUVmax) were measured. The diagnostic accuracy of PET, PET/CT, and HRCT were analyzed.

RESULTSThe (18)F-FDG SUV was markedly lower in BAC than in other well differentiated adenocarcinoma. In 19 of the BAC cases, PET showed a SUVmax of no less than 2.5, demonstrating positive changes. Of the total of 30 cases, 5 had ground glass opacity (GGO) changes, 3 exhibited mixed nodules with GGO changes around the lesions, and 22 cases presented with solid nodules. HRCT showed that BAC located often in the superior lobes of the bilateral lungs, mostly below the pleura in the surrounding lung field; the lesions were patchy or nodular with irregular shapes, showing lobulation in 22 cases, spiculation in 15 cases, pleural indentation in 21 cases, and vacuolar changes in 4 cases. The diagnostic accuracy of PET, PET/CT and HRCT for solitary nodular-type BAC was 36.67%, 93.33%, and 93.33%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe SUVmax of BAC provides only limited value for defining the nature of the lesions, but can serve as a general reference for assessing the disease activity. PET/CT, which allows both functional and imaging assessment, can be a valuable modality to reduce the misdiagnosis rate of BAC.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar ; diagnostic imaging ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To evaluate early skeletal muscle myopathy with contrast‐enhanced ultrasound ( CEUS) in diabetic rabbits . Methods Alloxan ( 100 mg/kg ) was given intravenously to 11 New Zealand w hite rabbits . Another 5 age‐matched normal rabbits were used as controls .CEUS was performed at baseline and 1 ,2 ,3 months after the establishment of diabetes ,respectively . T hen ,skeletal muscle samples were obtained for pathological observation . Additionally ,the diabetic rabbits were divided into 3 groups according to their pathologic findings : mild , moderate , and severe myopathy group . M icro‐perfusion parameters ,including artery‐to‐vein transit time ( A‐VT T ) ,muscle tissue mean transit time ( M‐M T T ) and muscle tissue peak intensity ( M‐PI) were calculated . Results T he diabetic rabbits exhibited a lower body weight increase and a decrease of muscle thickness .Plasma levels of triglyceride ,cholesterol and creatinine were significantly higher in diabetic group than those in control group ( P ＜0 .05) . T he A‐V T T and M‐M T T values of the diabetic rabbits significantly increased over time ( all P ＜ 0 .05 ) ,whereas M‐PI value significantly decreased compared with that in control group ( P ＝ 0 .013 ) . Besides ,the A‐V T T value was significantly higher in severe myopathy group than that in mild group ( P ＝0 .001) . T he M‐M T T values in both moderate and severe groups were significantly higher w hen compared to that in mild group ( all P ＜0 .05) . T he A‐VT T and M‐M T T values were correlated with the severity of diabetic myopathy( e＝0 .898 , P ＜0 .001 ;e＝ 0 .527 , P ＝ 0 .01 ) . Conclusions Diabetic rabbits have defective skeletal muscle micro‐ perfusion in the early stage . CEUS can quantify impaire muscle microcirculation ,and is a valuable tool for assessment of diabetic myopathy .