Background and purpose:Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. The new technology of mammography is helpful in breast cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) with conventional imaging methods in the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods:During the period from Mar. 2015 to Dec. 2015, 227 patients with suspected lesions (by palpation or sonography) underwent further imaging exam in our hospital. The sonography, full-field digital mammography (FFDM), DBT and breast MRI were performed on all the patients. A double-blind assessment was carried out according to BI-RADS (version 2013) by experienced radiologists. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of all methods, referring to the pathological data as the golden standard; the difference in the efficiency of DBT from the other methods was determined byZ-test.Results:Thirty patients were excluded for the unsatisfactory images, and 205 lesions (132 malignant and 73 benign lesions) were detected in the remaining 197 patients. Area under the curve (AUC) of sonography, FFDM, DBT, DBT+FFDM and MRI based on the BI-RADS were 0.8308, 0.8592, 0.9167, 0.9198, and 0.9354, respectively. The AUC of DBT was significantly higher than those of sonography (Z=7.36,P=0.0067) and FFDM (Z=4.89,P=0.0271), while there was no significantly difference between DBT and MRI (Z=0.02,P=0.9002) or FFDM+DBT (Z=0.69,P=0.4048).Conclusion:DBT could significantly improve the diagnostic performance for breast lesions compared with sonography and FFDM, providing a comparable efficiency to MRI. As a new mammography technology, DBT has good clinical application prospect.

Insulin pumps go by the name of the second revolution of treatment for diabetes. The result of DCCT publicized in 1993, insulin pumps have been popularized in the world, including China. This article introduces such about insulin pumps as its history, actuality, development trend, advantages and disadvantages.

Objective To explore the damage of spiral ganglion neurons(SGNs),the protective effects of different dosages of healthy ear compound (HEC)from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) against age-induced SGNs degeneration and its possible mechanism in spiral ganglion neurons(SGNs)of C57BL/6J mice.Methods Totally 36 C57BL/6J mice just after ablactation were randomly divided into four groups.Normal control group (n =6)drank tap water daily from ablactation to 2 months old.Ageing-related SGNs apoptosis control group(n=12)drank tap water daily from ablactation to 7 months old.High dose TCM group(n=12)at drank 3.65 g/kg/d of HEC from ablactation to 7 months old.Low dose TCM group(n=6)drank 0.91 g/kg/d of HEC from ablactation to 7 months old.The animal cochleae were immediately removed at the termination of the experiment.In each group,the cochleae of 6 animals were used for paraffin embedding,slicing and toluidine blue staining to observe neuronal morphological changes.The caspase-3 mRNA expression study was performed by real-time PCR technique in 6 cochleae of High dose TCM group and ageing-related SGNs apoptosis control group.Results The morphological structure of cochlear SGNs represented healthy and normal density in normal control group at 2 months old.In contrast,amount or density of SGNs in cochlear basilar part was significantly damaged and reduced in ageing-related SGNs apoptosis control group at 7 months old(P＜ 0.001).But the high dose TCM group at 7 months of age was similar to the normal control group at 2 months old in morphological structure,amount or density of SGNs(P＞0.05).The low dose TCM group was significantly different from other 3 groups in amount or density of SGNs (P＜0.001).However,SGNs in the middle part and apical part showed integrity in each group.In addition,the expression level of caspase-3 in the cochlea of high dose TCM group was also obviously different with age-related SGNs apoptosis control group(P＜0.01) Conclusions Ageing-related damage of SGNs in C57BL/6J mice begins from the base of cochlea and progresses towards the apex.The HEC of TCM could significantly protect SGNs against age-induced apoptosis in SGNs.The efficacy of the high dose TCM is better than that of the low dose TCM.Its SGNs protective mechanisms might be related to involving the caspase-mediated cell apoptotic pathway.

Objective To determine effect of endurance training on the expression of fatty acid translocase FAT/ CD36 in skeletal muscle of rats and the correlation between the expression and insulin sensitivity index (ISI). Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups:training group(T,n=13) and control group (C, n=10). Rats in group T were trained on treadmill six days a week for 7 weeks. Fat pads around testes and kidneys were weighted for calculating the percentage of fat pads vs body weight. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG),nonesterified fatty acids(NEFA) and fasting insulin(FINS) were measured. Western blot was used to detect FAT/ CD36 protein expression in quadriceps homogenate. The relation of FAT/CD36 expression to the ISI was analyzed. Results Markedly lower body weight,percentage of fat pads, TC,NEFA, and FINS were seen in group T after 7-week endurance training comparing to that in group C(P<0.01 ,P<0.01 ,P<0.01 ,P<0.05,and P<0.05,respectively). The FAT/CD36 protein expression and ISI were significantly higher in group T than in group C(P<0.01and P<0.05). A significant correlation between FAT/CD36 and ISI were found in group T(r=0.823,P<0.01 ),nut not in group C. Conclusion Seven-week endurance training improved insulin sensitivity and up-regulated the expression of FAT/CD36 for adapting the requirement of fatty acid transportation in skeletal muscle induced by enhanced lipid catabolism after endurance exercise.

Objective To explore the potential connection between sympathetic response, heart rate and blood pressure modulation after caloric irrigation in order to study the role of vestibular stimuli in cardiovascular control. Method Efferent splanchnic nerve firing rates, ECG and blood pressure were recorded simultaneously during caloric stimuli on intact anesthetized(CON) rats(n=5), sinoaortic denervated (SAD)rats(n=5) and bilateral vestibular destroyed (VD) rats(n=5). Result It was found that after caloric stimulation with ice water mean blood pressure CON rats with intact reflex became lower and the mean heart rates became slower, splanchnic sympathetic nerve activities increased for a moment and then dropped significantly. SAD rats had significant stronger splanchnic sympathetic nerve activities VD rats after caloric stimulation, and their blood pressures changed to apposite directions. The coupled respiratory component on splanhnic sympathetic nerve activities were strongly affected by the caloric stimulation. Conclusion It is suggested that semicircular canal stimulation participate at least in the short-term blood pressure control mechanism and the role of central nervous system on respiratory drive may also be involved. Baro-reflex and vestibular afferent may play different role in the control of blood pressure they may work synergically in some physiological control processed.

Objective To investigate the treatment effect of aescuven forte on the postoperative complications of breast cancer.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with breast cancer radical surgery were randomly divided into control group(n =60) and treatment group(n =60).Patients in control group were given postoperative routine treatment,while in treatment group were administrated aescuven forte pills at 300 mg orally,2 times/day for 4 weeks beside the conventional treatment.Results (1)After the 1st,2nd weeks therapy,the flap congestion disappear rate in the treatment group were 80.0％ (48/60) and 93.3％ (56/60),better than that in the control group 60.0％ (36/60) and 71.6％ (43/60),the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).However this trend was not seen in third weeks treatment (P ＞ 0.05).(2) The total efficiency of remission of upper limb edema was 93％ (56/60),higher than that in control group 77％ (46/60),the difference was statistically significant(x2 =5.17,P ＜ 0.05).(3) Visual analogue scale(VAS) pain score in treatment group were decreased form (8.87 ±0.74) in before treatment to (3.21 ±0.92) at after treatment.And the VAS score in control was from (8.91 ±0.85) down to (4.87 ± 1.34),the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Moreover VAS score in treatment group was lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).(4) There was no adverse effect of the medication process.Conclusion Aescuven forte showed a ability to reduce congestion disappear time of breast cancer and shorten the recovery time of upper limb swelling and pain and other symptoms.

Objective To explore the application of multi-overlap immunofluorescence techniques in the morphological research of nerve cells,and provide a new method of targeted research on nerve cells.Methods Ten Balb/c mice were selected and randomly divided into experimental group of severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) and sham control group (n=5);mice in the experimental group were induced STBI models by controlled cortical impact (CCI) method,and the neurological severity scale (NSS) scores were 8 in them.All animals were terminated on day 7.The gene and protein expressions of neuronal nuclei antigen (NeuN),glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU),and the morphology expression of4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were observed under confocal microscopy by applying multi-overlap immunofluorescence techniques.Results The images got by multi-overlap immunofluorescence techniques possessed the characteristics of bright and clear color,strong morphological sense on the expressions.The more obvious expressions of BrdU+NeuN+GFAP+DAPI in the STBI group could be noted as compared with those in the sham control group;the relative expression quantity of BrdU+NeuN+DAPI was significantly different between the two groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion STBI in mice could induce self-regenerated phenomenon on cerebral neural cells or astrocyte;these new techniques provide new scientific means in the targeted study of development,proliferation,apoptosis or death of nerve cells and its mechanism.

Objective Our purpose was to investigate the pathogenic gene mutation of a Han Chinese family with vitreous amyloidosis.Methods The 9 individuals(proband,1 affected member and 7 unaffected members) of the family were selected and their DNA was extracted from peripheral blood.The 4 exons of transthyretin(TTR) gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) technique.The amplified products of TTR gene were sequencing by Sanger technique.We also selected 100 unrelated healthy individual as the control group.Results By DNA sequencing,a heterozygous mutation was found in 4 of the 9 subjects from the family.The transition of adenine to cytosine(AAG ＞ ACG) was detectable in exon 2 of TTR,which changed the amino acid composition at codon 35 (Lys35Thr).This mutation did not presented in control group.Conclusion The heterozygosis mutation of TTR gene Lys35Thr should be a pathogenic mutation for the family with vitreous amyloidosis.

Objective:To analyze the dosimetric differences between CT-guided free-hand intracavity/interstitial brachytherapy[image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT)] and conventional point-A plan (CP) in the treatment of cervical cancer.Methods:Twenty-six cervical cancer patients who received four cycles of IGABT in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were enrolled in this study. Two sets of CT images were obtained before and after applicator adjustment to aid in the design of CP and IGABT plans. The high-risk clinical target volume (HRCTV), point A, and organs at risk (bladder, rectum, and sigmoid colon) were defined on CT images. CP and IGABT plans were designed on CT images. Parameter differences between CP and IGABT plans were analyzed with paired t-test and Wilcoxon test. Results:According to the coverage index (CI) of CP, plans were divided into two groups: in group A (CI≥0.90), 20 CP and corresponding IGABT plans were included, and 84 CP and corresponding IGABT plans in group B (CI<0.90). The mean volume of HRCTV and mean tumor diameter in group A were significantly smaller than those in group B (46.7 cm 3vs. 62.1 cm 3, P<0.001 and 3.1 cm vs. 4.4 cm, P<0.001). Compared with CP, IGABT significantly improved the value of D 90% in all plans and group B, whereas lowered the bladder dose. IGABT also reduced the dose of sigmoid colon in group A. IGABT significantly improved conformal index and dose homogeneity index. Conclusions:IGABT can significantly improve the target coverage, conformal index and dose homogeneity index, protect organs at risk. Compared with CP, IGABT has advantages in the treatment of patients with bulky tumor.

Objective: To evaluate urologist satisfaction on structured prostate MRI reports, including report with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging (report B) and with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score with/without TNM staging (report C, report with PI-RADS score only [report C-a] and report with PI-RADS score and TNM staging [C-b]) compared with conventional free-text report (report A). Materials and Methods: This was a prospective comparative study. Altogether, 3015 prostate MRI reports including reports A, B, C-a, and C-b were rated by 13 urologists using a 5-point Likert Scale. A questionnaire was used to assess urologist satisfaction based on the following parameters: correctness, practicality, and urologist subjectivity. Kruskal-Wallis H-test followed by Nemenyi test was used to compare urologists’ satisfaction parameters for each report type. The rate of urologist-radiologist recalls for each report type was calculated. Results: Reports B and C including its subtypes had higher ratings of satisfaction than report A for overall satisfaction degree, and parameters of correctness, practicality, and subjectivity (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between report B and C (p < 0.05) in practicality score, but no statistical difference was found in overall satisfaction degree, and correctness and subjectivity scores (p > 0.05). Compared with report C-b (p > 0.05), report B and C-a (p < 0.05) showed a significant difference in overall satisfaction degree and parameters of practicality and subjectivity. In terms of correctness score, neither report C-a nor C-b had a significant difference with report B (p > 0.05). No statistical difference was found between report C-a and C-b in overall satisfaction degree and all three parameters (p > 0.05). The rate of urologist-radiologist recalls for reports A, B, C-a and C-b were 29.1%, 10.8%, 18.1% and 11.2%, respectively. Conclusion Structured reports, either using TNM or PI-RADS are highly preferred over conventional free-text reports and lead to fewer report-related post-hoc inquiries from urologists.