OBJECTIVEThis study aims to do the following: construct a three-dimensional finite element model of an labial inverted impacted maxillary central incisor and its supporting tissues, analyze stress distribution in the periodontal tissue when various tractions are exerted, and provide references for treating impacted maxillary central incisor.

METHODSA three-dimensional finite element model oflabial inverted impacted maxillary central incisor and its periodontal tissues was established using Mimics 10.01 and Ansys 14.0 software based on original cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data. Various traction values (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 g) were exerted on the incisal margin in the direction perpendicular to the impacted tooth. Different Von Mises stress values were determined.

RESULTSStress distribution on the periodontal ligament increased with traction size. When 30 g traction was exerted on the labial inverted impacted maxillary central incisor, the Von Mises stress was 24 919.0 Pa, which was within the range of the optimum force and close to its maximum value.

CONCLUSIONThe optimum traction for early orthodontic treatment of labial inverted impacted maxillary central incisor is nearly 30 g.

Acupuncture therapy is a therapeutic method in traditional Chinese medicine. Its clinical efficacy has widely accepted internationally but its mechanism of action is still unclear. In recent years, more and more researchers began to use brain network analysis to explore the mechanism of action of acupuncture. This article reviews the significance of brain network analysis in the study of acupuncture effect, that is, brain network analysis can effectively assess changes in cerebral function in chronic pain and observe the real therapeutic effect of acupuncture. It also reviews various methods of brain network analysis, including brain functional connectivity (FC) analysis, amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) analysis, regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis, small-world network (SWN) analysis, positron emission computed tomography (PET) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI); the shortcomings and prospects of brain network analysis in the application of acupuncture. A summary of the newest research advances in the application of brain network analysis to the study of acupuncture effect provides a certain reference for the future scientific study.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of electrolyte on the stability of the neonatal parenteral nutrition. METHODS:Under room temperature(25 ℃),the neonatal parenteral nutrition containing only monovalent or bivalent ion electrolyte(10% So-dium chloride injection,10% Potassium chloride injection,25% Magnesium sulfate injection,and Calcium gluconate injection) and containing both monovalent and bivalent ion electrolyte were investigated by the change of appearance to determine the pH val-ue,insoluble particles and the size and distribution (polydispersity index,PDI) within 24 h. RESULTS:The pH of the nutrition with electrolyte was over 5 and also met the quality requirements;there were no precipitate,flocculation and discoloration in the appearance;the neonatal parenteral nutrition containing only monovalent ion electrolyte appeared a small amount of hanging wall phenomenon for 24 h,but did not appear demulsification phenomenon;the neonatal parenteral nutrition containing only bivalent ion electrolyte appeared a small amount of hanging wall phenomenon and demulsification phenomenon for 24 h;the neonatal paren-teral nutrition containing both monovalent and bivalent ion electrolyte appeared a small amount of hanging wall phenomenon and de-mulsification phenomenon for 12 h and the hanging wall phenomenon was more obvious for 24 h. Meanwhile,a size bigger than 5μm microns and particle size bigger than 25 μm microns of insoluble particles appeared,and both the average particle size and PDI value were higher than those in the previous two situations(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:As more and more monovalent and biva-lent ion electrolyte being added into the neonatal parenteral nutrition,especially divalent ion electrolyte,the stability of the neona-tal parenteral nutrition decreases,which behaves as a phenomenon that the size of grains and the number of insoluble particles in-crease.

Objective To construct the micro-invasive immune rejection monitoring methods with peripher-al blood mononuclear cell gene expression detection and evaluate the clinic rejection estimation value. Methods The SYBR Green Ⅰ was used as fluorescent dye and the GAPDH as house keeping gene control in the quantitatiun RT-PCR technique to observe the 16 immune rejection relative genes expression features after heart transplantation. results were also compared with that of the normal people. Results The 16 immune rejection relative genes expres-sion were no different between normal people and the transplantation recipients before surgery (P>0.05). After heart transplantation the expression of ITGA4, FKB, ILI R-2 up regulated and the level of PF4、ITGAM、TGFβ1、 RHOU down regulated. The results were similar with the clinic observation that the immune rejection often occurs in the first 3 months after heart transplantation. It implied that these 7 genes may play an important role in the acute im-mune rejection after transplantation. Conclusion The real time quantitation RT-PCR methods were constructed suc-cessfully to detect the multiple immune relative genes expression and is of chnic applicable.

To clarify the function and molecular mechanism of miR-155 in myogenic differentiation of C2C12, we constructed adenovirus over-expression vector of miR-155, then C2C12 cells were infected by adenovirus and induced myogenic differentiation. First, we observed the morphology of C2C12 after differentiation. Then the mRNA and protein expressions of myogenic markers (MyoD, MyoG and MyHC) were detected by qPCR and western blotting. Subsequently, the dual luciferase reporter gene assay was carried out to validate putative target gene (TCF4) of miR-155. Meanwhile, mRNA level of TCF4 was analyzed after over-expressing miR-155. The results show that over-expressed miR-155 reduced myotubes formation. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of MyoG and MyHC decreased significantly (P < 0.01). Further research demonstrated miR-155 bound the one (4532-4538) of three putative sites (1487-1493,1516-1522, 4532-4583) of TCF4 by luciferase reporter gene assay and the mRNA level of TCF4 decreased notably (P < 0.05). The data suggest that miR-155 inhibited myogenic differentiation of C2C12 through targeted TCF4.
Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Genetic Vectors ; Mice ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Myoblasts ; cytology ; Myogenin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Transcription Factor 4

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5)-ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-P53 signal transduction pathway in rat hippocampal neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury.MethodsHippocampal neurons of newborn Wistar rats ( ＜ 48 h) were cultured for 7 days in vitro.The primary cultured neurons were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 wells in each group:control group (group C),OGD (group D),OGD + hemin (HO-1 inducer) group (group D + H ) and OGD + hemin + zinc protoporphyrin ( HO-1 inhibitor) group ( group D + H + T).For OGD experiments,cultures were washed three times in a glucose-free balanced salt solution (BSS).They were then placed in deoxygenated glucose-free medium and sealed under 95％ N2-5％ CO2 in an anaerobic chamber equilibrated to 37°C and 100％ humidity for 45 min.OGD was terminated by replacement of stored medium and by returning the cultures to a standard incubator maintained at 37 ℃ in 95％ air-5％ CO2.The OGD model was established after the neurons were preconditioned with hemin 10 μmol/L for 24 h in group D + H.The OGD model was established after the neurons were preconditioned with hemin 10 μmol/L and zinc protoporphyrin 10 μmol/L for 24 h in group D + H + T.After 24 h of culture,the neuronal viability,apoptosis rate,and expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein,and CDK5,ATM and P53 protein were detected.ResultsCompared with group C,the expression of HO-1 mRNA,and HO-1,CDK5,ATM and P53 protein was up-regulated,the neuronal viability was significantly decreased,and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in group D (P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with group D,the expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein was up-regulated,the expression of CDK5,ATM and P53 protein was down-regulated,the neuronal viability was significantly increased,and the apoptosis rate was significanlly decreased in group D + H ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with group D + H,the expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein was down-regulated,the expression of CDK5,ATM and P53 protein was up-regulated,the neuronal viability was significantly decreased,and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in group D + H + T ( P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionHO-1 can inhibit neuronal apoptosis through blocking CDK5-ATM-P53 signal transduction pathway in rat hippocampal neurons subjected to OGD injury.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of protocatechuic acid, salidroside, and chlorogenic acid in Sargentodoxa cuneata. Methods The separation was performed on a Waters XSELECT CSH C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with methanol-acetonitrile-0.2 % phosphoric acid as the mobile phase in a gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 260 nm and the column temperature was 35 ℃. Results The linear ranges of protocatechuic acid, salidroside, and chlorogenic acid were 0.0020-0.0120, 0.0600-0.3602, 0.0750-4.5006 mg/ml, respectively. The average recoveries were 98.01% (RSD=0.07%), 98.53 % (RSD=0.12%), and 101.10 % (RSD=1.92%), respectively. Conclusions The method is simple, accurate, and highly reproducible, which could provide the scientific evidence for the quality control of Sargentodoxa cuneata.

Objective To examine the differences in the structure of brain white matter among deficit schizophrenia, nondeficit schizophrenia and healthy controls by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Methods Ten deficit schizophrenic patients, eleven nondeficit patients and fifteen healthy comparison subjects participated in the study. All the subjects were scanned by GE Twin Speed 1.5T MRI system. Whole brain, voxel-wise analyses of regional white matter volume were conducted by the VBM toolbox on the Matlab7.6 and SPM5. t -test was then used for the comparison between groups. Results Compared to the healthy controls, nondeficit schizophrenic patients significantly decreased the density of gray matter in the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobe and basal ganglia , while the deficit patients showed the characteristically broad and significant decreasion in the frontal lobe, including left medial frontal gyrus, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, and left orbital gyrus (Cluster ≥ 30 mm3, P<0.01). Moreover, deficit patients showed the decreasion in the temporal cortex and the limbic lobe (right insula). Relative to the nondeficit schizophrenic patients, deficit patients had significant regional gray matter decreases in the left medial frontal gyrus, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus (Cluster ≥ 30 mm3, P<0.01). Conclusion Structural heterogeneity in schizophrenia may relate to specific patterns of gray matter density reductions in deficit and nondeficit patient. However the two subtype of schizophremia patients share a common prefrontal-temperal pattern of structural brain alterations.

Objective To investigate a simple and efficient fluorescence in situ hybridization method for prenatal diagnosis.Methods Thirty-six cases of chorionic villus samples were hybridized with probes 18/X/Y,13/21 by using traditional cuhure methods and modified three-step methods in controlled experimentation during 2012 to 2013.The hybridization rate and fluorescence signals were analyzed.Results A total of 72 hybrid zone were detected.Probe 21/13 hybridization rate and fluorescence signals of three-step modified methods were higher than that of traditional methods(99.72％ ±0.42％ vs 85.90％ ±4.15％,t =20.4,P ＜0.01; 2.58 ±0.50 vs 1.52 ± 0.55,t =7.53,P ＜0.01).Probe 18/X/Y has the same hybridization rate and fluorescence signals between three-step modified methods and traditional methods (99.57％ ±0.53％ vs99.70％ ±0.42％,t=1.30,P＞0.05; 2.22±0.42 vs2.36±0.48,t=1.57,P＞0.05).The coincidence rate of two methods was 100％ (36/36).Conclusion The modified fluorescence in situ hybridization three-step methods in the study was simple,rapid,effective and environment-friendly.At the same time,it has some defects such as the signals of 18/X/Y was not concentrated enough.Further exploration is needed.

Objective To investigate the effect of transduction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein on oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration (OGD/R)-induced injury to hippocampal neurons in rats.Methods Plasmid 11R-HO-1 was constructed using plasmid pET-21a(+)-p53-11R (plasmid 11R) and 11R-HO-1 fusion protein was identified and collected.Hippocampal neurons obtained from newborn Wistar rats (＜ 48 h) were cultured for 7 days in vitro and then the neurons were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =171 each) using a random number table:OGD/R group,normal saline group (group NS),plasmid 11R group (11R group),300 nmol/L 11R-HO-1 group (H1 group),and 1 500 nmol/L 11R-HO-1 group (H2 group).In NS,11R,H1 and H2 groups,the neurons were incubated for 2 h with 300 nmol/L normal saline,300 nmol/L plasmid 11R,300 nmol/L 11R-HO-1 fusion protein,and 1 500 nmol/L 11R-HO-1 fusion protein,respectively,and then OGD/R was performed.The neurons were incubated in deoxygenated glucose-free DMEM medium and sealed under 5 ％ CO2-95 ％ N2 in an anaerobic chamber equilibrated to 37 ℃ for 45 min.OGD was terminated by replacement of the medium with high glucose DMEM medium and by returning the cultures to a standard incubator maintained at 37 ℃ in 5 ％ CO2-95 ％ air and the neurons were then incubated for 24 h.Immediately after OGD/R was established,the cell survival rate (by MTT assay),apoptosis rate (using TUNEL),and expression of HO-1 and caspase-3 protein (by using Western blot) were measured.Results Compared with group OGD/R,the cell survival rate was significantly increased,the apoptosis rate was decreased,the caspase-3 expression was down-regulated,HO-1 protein expression was up-regulated in H1 and H2 groups (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in NS and 11R groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group H1,the cell survival rate was significantly increased,the apoptosis rate was decreased,the caspase-3 expression was down-regulated,and HO-1 protein expression was up-regulated in group H2 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Transduction of HO-1 protein can reduce OGD/R-induced injury to hippocampal neurons of rats.