OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for implementation of national essential drug system in primany helth care institations.METHODS:The information of application of essential drug in 21 medical institutions were collected and analyzed statistically in respect of category of drugs,amount of drugs,consumption sum,medical incomes,incomes from drugs,ratio of drugs,total number of persons and bed day in hospital,etc.Category of drugs,classification of drug and spectrum of disease were compared with those of National Essential Drugs List.RESULTS:There were 295 kinds of essential drug which include 16 kinds of dosage forms and 25 kinds of spectrum of disease.Category of essential drugs used in community medical institutions accounted for 37% of total category of drugs and that in secondary medical institutions accounted for 33%.Consumption sum of essential drug in community medical institutions accounted for 18% in total consumption sum and that in secondary medical institutions accounted for 12%.Ratio of drugs in community medical institutions were 62% and that in secondary medical institutions were 43%.CONCLUSION:Category of drugs and spectrum of disease are in line with that in National Essential Drugs List but should be adjusted according to spectrum of disease and ratio of performance and price.Proportion of essential drug should be increased and monitoring for drug use should be enhanced to reduce ratio of drugs.

Objective To explore the effect of acupuncture at Yanglingquan (GB 34) on white matter structure of stroke patients. Methods 6 stroke patients with left hemiplegia in recovery stage were recruited. The sham acupoint was as control, the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data in a 1.5 T SIEMENS scanner before and after acupuncture at Yanglingquan point was collected. Differences between the two conditions were compared with the Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS), which is one of FSL tools. Results The brain areas included left precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, supplementary motor area, inferior frontal gyrus, internal capsule, fornix and bilateral inferior parietal gyrus, in which the verum acupuncture had stronger effect on fractional anisotropy (FA) than the sham acupuncture. White matter tract such as pyramidal tract, arcuate fasciculus, corpus callosum and other inter-cortex association fibers passed these brain areas. The fiber tracts and brain areas were found to be involved with multiple brain networks of motor compensation, somatosensory, language and cognition. Conclusion Compared with the sham point, acupuncture at Yanglingquan point can change the microstructure of stroke patients' white matter, mainly in the inaffected side and related to multiple functional networks.

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture plus rehabilitation in treating deglutition disorders due to cerebral stroke and its effect on each link of the neural pathway of deglutition function. Method By adopting the prospective randomized controlled method, ninety-nine patients with deglutition disorders after cerebral stroke were recruited and divided into an acupuncture-rehabilitation group, a pharyngeal acupuncture group, and a control group, respectively 33 cases, 34 cases, and 32 cases in each group. The acupuncture-rehabilitation group was intervened by acupuncture respectively at scalp, pharyngeal, and the root of tongue plus basic treatment, the pharyngeal acupuncture group was by acupuncture at the deglutition point (Extra) plus basic treatment, while the control group was by the basic treatment alone, once a day, 4 weeks in total. The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) and Clinical Nursing Swallowing Assessment Tool (CNSAT) were evaluated and statistically analyzed before and after intervention. Result The component scores of CNSAT were significantly improved after intervention in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group (P<0.01); the component scores of CNSAT were significantly changed after intervention in the pharyngeal acupuncture group (P<0.05);the CNSAT component scores in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group were significantly different from that in the pharyngeal acupuncture group and control group after intervention (P<0.01); the CNSAT component scores in the pharyngeal acupuncture group were significantly different from that in the control group after intervention (P<0.05). The FOIS scores were enhanced in the three groups after treatment; the FOIS score was significantly changed in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group after intervention (P<0.01);the FOIS score was markedly changed in the pharyngeal acupuncture group after intervention (P<0.05);the FOIS scores in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group and pharyngeal acupuncture group were both significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01,P<0.05). Conclusion The scalp-pharyngeal-root of tongue sequential-acupuncture plus rehabilitation can effectively mitigate the deglutition problems after cerebral stroke, improve the food-intake ability of the patients, and reduce the risk of mistake inhalation.

OBJECTIVETo explore the efficacy of local acupuncture therapy on post-stroke pseudo-bulbar palsy and the clinical advantageous protocol of local acupuncture therapy.

METHODSEighty patients of post-stroke pseudo-bulbar palsy were randomized into a quick needle insertion group and a routine acupuncture group, 40 cases in each one. The western medicine, such as thrombolysis, lipid regulation, antiplatelet aggregation, antihypertension and hypoglycemic therapy method was all used in the two groups. On the basis of the treatment of western medicine, in the quick needle insertion group, the perpendicular needle insertion was used atpoint, about 8 to 12 mm in depth. When the emptiness feeling presented under the needle, the needle went slowly for 2 mm more depth till cough occurred, and removed afterward. The treatment was given once every day, and totally 20 treatments were required. In the routine acupuncture group, Lianquan (CV 23) was stimulated. The needle was inserted toward the tongue root, about 40 mm in depth. The needle was rotated till the patient felt soreness and distention at the tongue root, and then retained for 30 min. The treatment was given once a day, and totally 20 treatments were required. The water swallow test score and clinical efficacy were evaluated before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe curative rate was 80.0% (32/40) in the quick needle insertion group, better than 55.0% (22/40) in the routine acupuncture group (<0.05). The total effective rate was 97.5% (39/40) in the quick needle insertion group and was 90.0% (36/40) in the routine acupuncture group, indicating no significant difference in comparison (>0.05). The water swallow test scores decreased after treatment as compared with those before treatment in the two groups (both<0.01), and the water swallow test scores after treatment of the two groups had no significant difference (>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAcupuncture at local point is effective for post-stroke pseudo-bulbar palsy.The curative rate of quick needle insertion atpoint is better than routine acupuncture at Lianquan (CV 23).

We report a complete genomic sequence of rare isolates (minor genotype) of the SARS-CoV from SARS patients in Guangdong, China, where the first few cases emerged. The most striking discovery from the isolate is an extra 29-nucleotide sequence located at the nucleotide positions between 27,863 and 27,864 (referred to the complete sequence of BJ01) within an overlapped region composed of BGI-PUP5 (BGI-postulated uncharacterized protein 5) and BGI-PUP6 upstream of the N (nucleocapsid) protein. The discovery of this minor genotype, GD-Ins29, suggests a significant genetic event and differentiates it from the previously reported genotype, the dominant form among all sequenced SARS-CoV isolates. A 17-nt segment of this extra sequence is identical to a segment of the same size in two human mRNA sequences that may interfere with viral replication and transcription in the cytosol of the infected cells. It provides a new avenue for the exploration of the virus-host interaction in viral evolution, host pathogenesis, and vaccine development.
Base Sequence ; China ; Cluster Analysis ; Gene Components ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Viral ; Genotype ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS Virus ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; genetics