Resection of the trachea for more than half of its length requires implantation of an artificial trachea to allow safe reconstruction. The article introduced the recent progress on tissue engineered trachea.The problems encountered in this field and the study direction in the future are also mentioned.

Objective To investigate the character and differentiation diagnosis of coronary artery fistula in aged.Methods Clinical symptom, sign and laboratory examination were analyzed in 8 aged patients with coronary artery fistula. Results Myocardial ischemia is the main manifestation of agedness coronary artery fistula, and should be discriminated with coronary artery disease. Conclusion If myocardial ischemia symptom aggravates with age in patient with long-term angina, coronary angiogram is the most dependable method.

Objective To probe into the safety and effectiveness of transcatheter coil embolization for congenital coronary artery fistula. Methods Between May 1999 and December 2002, coil embolization of coronary artery fistula was attempted in 6 patients aged 38 to 70 years (mean, 50.7 years). The fistulae connected the left coronary artery to the pulmonary artery in 2 patients, the right coronary artery to the pulmonary artery in 2, the right coronary artery to the right infra-pulmonary vein in 1, bilateral coronary artery (the left anterior descending artery and right coronary artery) to the pulmonary artery in 1. Results Complete fistula occlusion was achieved in 5 patients (83.3%); one failed to go through the tortuous fistula and gave up coil embolization. There were no operative or late deaths and complications. Follow-up evaluation by physical examination and echocardiography in 5 patients showed no evidence of recurrent or residual coronary artery fistula. Conclusion On the basis of our result, we believe that transcatheter coil embolization of coronary artery fistula is a safe, effective and convenient procedure without a thoracotomy and the use of cardio-pulmonary bypass in some cases.

Objective To observe the effect of Tongbi Prescription on pathomorphological changes of ankles in adjuvant arthritis rats. Methods Rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal control group,model control group,three Tongbi Prescription treated group (respectively with high-,mid-and low-dosages),Tripterygium glycosides treated group (each n=10). Except for the rats of normal control group,the others were injected with Freund’s complete adjuvant. The pathomorphological changes of ankles of each group were measured. Results The pathomorphological changes of high-and mid-dosages Tongbi Prescription treated group and Tripterygium glycosides treated group were lightened than those of model control group obviously (P

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in men and related studies have achieved great breakthrough in recent years.But because of the lack of effective in vivo animal models, the process to translate basic research into clinical application has been severely hampered.Patient derived prostate tumor xenograft ( PDPTX) model is an ideal animal model in which freshly isolated tumor tissues from patients were inoculated into immunodeficient mice.This model can duplicate the heterogeneity of primary tumor in a better way and keep the tumor complexity at molecular, genetic and pathological levels.Particularly, the PDPTX model, in which the isolated tumor tissue is inoculated under the renal capsule, is even better, because it solves the clrawbacks of traditional subcutaneous inoculation model.In traditional mod-els, the success rate is low, it’s not easy for lower grade tumor to form xenograft, and it’s not easy to reconstruct metasta-sis, etc.PDPTX provides a more ideal in vivo model for prostate cancer studies.It has irreplaceable advantages, especially in target therapy, new drug screening and individualized tumor treatment.

Objective To investigate the clinic characteristics and treatment methods of coronary ectasia. Methods One hundred and fifty-four cases in Anzhen hospital during the last 10 years, whom with coronary aneurysm diagnosed by coronary artery angiogram and summarized the characteristics of symptom, sign, diagnosis and treatment. Results All patients were proved with coronary angiography. There were 112(72.7%)patients presenting angina, but with no specific manifestation in electrocardiogram, X-ray and echocardiogram.Thrombolysis in emergency were taken to 3 cases with acute myocardial infarction patients. One hundred and fifty-four cases were treated with aspirin or heparinizeation, and with nitroglycerin, Calcium channel blocker to dilate vessel. The followed up of 154 cases about 1-20 years, six cases were suffered with acute myocardial infarction. One of the 6 cases was reinfarction and one case was sudden death. Conclusions Angina is the main clinical manifestation and coronary angiography is the accurate diagnostic method. Long-term application with anticoagulant agent and vasodilator should be done to prevent coronary spasm and myocardial infarction. If acute myocardial infarction occurs, prompt thrombolysis should be used, if it is ineffective, coronary artery bypass grafting should be carried out.

Objective To describe the characteristic CT imaging of adenomyomatosis of gallbladder and to improve the diagnostic knowledge of the disease. Methods Eleven (5 males and 6 females, mean age = 43 years) patients with adenomyomatosis of gallbladder (4 diffuse, 2 segmental, and 5 fundal) confirmed by histopathology and performed by CT examination including plain, dynamic or multiphase enhancement and / or oral cholegraphic agent were reviewed. Results Correct diagnosis was made in 7 of 11 patients(3 diffuse, 1 segmental, and 3 fundal). CT findings included segmental or diffuse gallbladder wall thickening in the involved area, associated with well defined and regular borders at both of the inner and outer layers. Significant CT findings of this entity were marked enhancement of wall layers during triphase contrast CT scanning, especially at delayed scans. Rokitansky Aschoff sinuses were clearly shown by CT, presenting as characteristic "aureola " sign, when performed with application of a cholegraphic agent. Conclusion Understanding the CT findings and using the optimal methods, we can use CT scan as a valuable method to help make the diagnosis in most cases of adenomyomatosis.

Objective: To analyze the role of gene AL360181.1 in the progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer by bioinformatics method to further predict possible molecular mechanisms. Methods: The colorectal cancer gene expression data and clinical data were downloaded from the TCGA database. The data were analyzed by Perl and R software, and the differentially expressed genes were screened to further analyze the survival, independent prognosis and clinicopathological correlation of differential gene batches. The most relevant differential gene was selected as the target gene; the correlation between the expression of target gene and different clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer and its prognosis were analyzed. The independent prognosis analysis was performed by using R software for different clinicopathological features. The relationship between the target gene and different clinical pathology and patient survival prognosis was analyzed. Finally, GSEA was used to analyze the target gene KEGG pathway and the correlation between target gene and potential target gene was analyzed with R software. We predicted the probable mechanisms of the target gene in regulating the progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Results: AL360181.1 was highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues (P<0.01). AL360181.1 was correlated with the grade and TNM stage of colorectal cancer (P<0.05). Gene AL360181.1, age, tumor grade and TNM staging were associated with the prognosis (P<0.05); gene AL360181.1 and age were used as independent risk factors to evaluate patient prognosis. The expression level of gene AL360181.1, patient age, grade and TNM staging had correlation with the patients' survival status (P<0.05). GSEA enrichment analysis showed that gene AL360181.1 was enriched in mTOR signaling pathway; the correlation analysis of gene AL360181.1 with potential target genes showed that AL360181.1 had correlations with mTOR, AKT, KLKB1, RICTOR, TSC1 and TSC2 (|R|>0.1, P<0.05). Results: Gene AL360181.1 regulates the progression of colorectal cancer through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective To make a comparison of curative effect of 1 and 2 ureters anastomosis in modified sigma operation. Methods Modified sigma operation was used after radical cystectomy in 14 cases of bladder transitional cell carcinoma and 1 case of adenocarcinoma of the bladder.We used a folded suture of 25 cm from the sigmoid colon to make the U-shaped urinary reservoirs to anastomose with the ureters in study group.Among study group,1 ureter was anastomosed with urinary reservoir in 5 cases.In the other 10 cases,1.5-2 cm of the terminal parts of 2 ureters were sutured tI am not sure what the authors mean by big diamogether and then anastomosed with the urinary reservoir.Results 15 cases obtained good voiding control and no obvious water-electrolyte disturbance occurred.All the patients were cured and discharged within 15 to 22 days.Thirteen cases were followed-up in 8 to 24 month time period.Anastonmtic stenosis and moderate-severe hydronephrosis occurred in 4 cases with 1 ureter anastomosis.No hydronephrosis occurred in the 9 cases with 2 ureters anastomosis.Conclusions Modified sigma operation has the advantages of less injury and fewer complications.The patients can obtain self-control urination by anal sphincter without urine bags or intermittent catheterization,so the life quality of the patients is improved.Modified sigma operation with 2 ureters anastomosis has big diameter and there was a lower incidence of serious complications such as anastomotic stenosis.

ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical efficacy of open reduction and internal locking system (PHILOS) in management of three- and four-part proximal humeral fractures in the elderly patients.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on 18 elderly patients (age≥80 years) with proximal humeral fractures who were treated surgically from June 2008 to June 2010 and received complete follow-up.The fractures were Neer three- and four-part fractures and managed with PHILOS.Rehabilitation exercise was performed postoperatively and followed up regularly.ResultsThe patients were followed up for average 15.3 months,which showed sound healing of all fractures.Shoulder joint function was assessed by Constant-Murley score that was 55 to 83 points (mean 72.5 points) at 12 months,with an overall excellence rate of 67％.ConclusionOpen reduction and fixation with PHILOS can attain satisfactory clinical outcome for the elderly patients with three- and four-part proximal humeral fractures.