In order to further standardize the vaccination of kidney transplant candidates and recipients in China, the Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association has organized experts in kidney transplantation and infectious diseases. Based on the "Vaccination of Solid Organ Transplant Candidates and Recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice", and in combination with the clinical reality of infectious diseases and vaccination after organ transplantation in China, as well as referring to relevant recommendations from home and abroad in recent years, these guidelines are formulated from aspects such as epidemiology, types of vaccines, vaccination principles, target population, and specific vaccine administration. The "Guidelines for Vaccination of Kidney Transplant Candidates and Recipients in China" aims to provide theoretical reference for medical workers in the field of kidney transplantation in China, regarding the vaccination of kidney transplant candidates and recipients. It is expected to better guide the vaccination of kidney transplant candidates and recipients, reduce the risk of postoperative infection, and improve survival outcomes.

Objective: To analyze the status and trends of the disease burden of periodontal disease among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in China from 1990 to 2021, and to provide a reference for the development of periodontal disease prevention and control strategies for women of reproductive age. Methods: Using the global burden of disease (GBD) data from 1990 to 2021, this study investigated the periodontal disease burden among women of reproductive age, including prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), DALY rates, and their corresponding standardized indicators. Joinpoint 5.2.0.0 software was used for time trend analysis of DALYs, age-specific DALY rates, and annual average percentage change (AAPC) values. A log-linear regression model was used to test trends for DALYs and DALY rates. Results: Compared with 1990, the prevalence and incidence of periodontal disease among Chinese women in 2021 increased by 45.67% (per 100,000 people) and 29.29% (per 100,000 people), respectively. The distribution of periodontal disease among women (15-49 years) showed a continuous and rapid upward trend, with the growth rate increasing rapidly with age. The number of cases increased the fastest in the 45-49 age group, and the prevalence increased the fastest in the 35-44 age group. The incidence of periodontal disease continued to rise with age, with the fastest increase in the 35-44 age group among women of reproductive age. The Joinpoint regression model results showed that periodontal disease led to an expanding trend in the disease burden among women of reproductive age in China, with an AAPC of DALYs = 1.20% and an AAPC of DALY rate = 1.25% (P<0.001). Conclusion The periodontal disease burden among Chinese women aged 15-49 years showed a gradually increasing trend from 1990 to 2021.

ObjectiveTo explore whether fluoroethylnormemantine （FENM）， an NMDA receptor antagonist， could improve compulsive-like behaviors and to investigate its underlying mechanisms in the RU24969-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder （OCD） mouse model. MethodsThirty-two mice were randomly assigned to four groups： Saline （n=8）， RU24969 （n=8）， RU+FENM （n=8）， and FENM （n=8）. Mice received FENM or an equivalent volume of saline for pre-treatment， followed by RU24969 or saline for model induction 30 minutes later. Behavioral tests were performed 1 hour after modeling， and serum samples were collected to measure the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）. Evans Blue dye was intravenously injected to assess dye content in brain tissue， thereby evaluating potential blood-brain barrier damage. ResultsFENM treatment significantly improved repetitive stereotyped circling behavior （F=39.850， P＜0.001） and alleviated persistent motor activity （F=50.200， P＜0.001） in RU24969 model mice. Additionally， FENM treatment significantly increased serum BDNF level in RU24969-induced OCD mice （F=18.930， P＜0.001）. ConclusionsFENM ， an NMDA receptor antagonist， may alleviate compulsive behaviors in OCD mice by modulating BDNF levels ， thereby exerting anti-compulsive effects. Neither the RU24969 model nor FENM treatment significantly affectes blood-brain barrier integrity.

Background Non-optimal temperatures pose significant threats to public health. Analyzing the association between temperature exposure and the number of emergency cases of acute alcohol intoxication can provide evidence for optimizing emergency resource allocation and response strategies. Objective To analyze the overall impact and lag effects of non-optimal temperatures on the number of 120 emergency calls for acute alcohol intoxication in Wuxi, and to assess the attributable risk, in order to provide empirical evidence for formulating climate-adaptive public health strategies. Methods Call records of acute alcohol intoxication from Wuxi's 120 emergency service, concurrent air pollutant data, and meteorological data (including daily mean temperature) were collected from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2020. Distributed lag nonlinear modeling was used for time-series analysis, with cross-basis functions to capture the nonlinear relationship and lag effects between temperature and emergency volume. Confounding factors such as long-term trends, humidity, pollutants [ultimately including ozone (O₃) and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5)], day of the week, and holidays were controlled. The maximum lag period was set to 14 days. Single-day lag and cumulative lag effects of extreme temperatures were analyzed, followed by sensitivity analysis. Effects were quantified using relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), and attributable fractions and numbers for different temperature ranges were calculated. Results A total of 10705 emergency cases of acute alcohol intoxication were included during the study period, with males accounting for 89.5% and individuals aged 18–50 years accounting for 83.4%. A non-linear "U-shaped" association was observed between daily mean temperature and the number of emergency calls, with an optimal temperature of 13.3 ℃. The effect of the extreme low temperature (1.88 ℃) was statistically significant from lag1 to lag3 after exposure (P<0.05), with the maximum effect at lag1 (RR=1.063, 95%CI: 1.002, 1.129). The extreme high temperature (32.3 ℃) showed an immediate effect, with maximum effect at lag0 (RR=1.374, 95%CI: 1.248, 1.512). The cumulative effect analysis showed that the risk associated with high temperature was the highest at lag0–3 (RR=2.000, 95%CI: 1.667, 2.399), while the risk associated with low temperature was the highest at lag0–14 (RR=1.462, 95%CI: 1.042, 2.051). The attribution analysis indicated that the mild heat (>24.7–30.8 ℃) and heat (>30.8–33.5 ℃) contributed the largest numbers of attributable cases, with 591 cases (95%CI: 56, 1032) and 190 cases (95%CI: 51, 309), respectively. The corresponding attributable fractions were 5.81% (95%CI: 0.80%, 9.94%) and 1.87% (95%CI: 0.49%, 2.96%), respectively. Conclusion Both extreme high and low temperatures significantly increase the number of 120 emergency calls for acute alcohol intoxication in Wuxi. High temperature exhibit an acute effect, while low temperature show a delayed effect. Mild heat have a significant impact on the emergency burden. It is recommended that emergency departments optimize resource allocation according to climatic characteristics and strengthen emergency responses during extreme weather to reduce alcohol-related health burden.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a globally life-threatening disease. Presently, few therapeutic medicines are available for treating IS, and rt-PA is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US. In fact, many agents showing excellent neuroprotection but no blood flow-improving activity in animals have not achieved ideal clinical efficacy, while thrombolytic drugs only improving blood flow without neuroprotection have limited their wider application. To address these challenges and meet the huge unmet clinical need, we have designed and identified a novel compound AAPB with dual effects of neuroprotection and cerebral blood flow improvement. AAPB significantly reduced cerebral infarction and neural function deficit in tMCAO rats, pMCAO rats, and IS rhesus monkeys, as well as displayed exceptional safety profiles and excellent pharmacokinetic properties in rats and dogs. AAPB has now entered phase I of clinical trials fighting IS in China.

Abtract Objective:To establish a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy,and to determine the content of aluminum in the hemofiltration base solution.Methods:The standard addition method of atomic absorption of graphite furnace was used to add matrix modifier to determine the content of aluminum.Results:Aluminum has a good linear relationship in the range of 0-20 μg·L-1,r=0.998;The detection limit concentration was 0.91 μg·L-1.The average recovery rate was 96.5％.The results of the three batches were 3.299,1.232 and 2.431 μg·L-1,respectively.Conclution:This method can effectively measure the content of aluminum in hemofiltration base solution products,and control the raw materials,production and packaging of products that may introduce pollution pathways.It is recommended that enterprises pay attention to the detection of aluminum content in the on hemofil-tration base solution to minimize the risk of contamination and ensure the quality of products.

Objective:To develop an HPLC method with gradient elution for the simultaneous determination of 4 bacteriostatic agents in triamcinolone acetonide econazole cream from the different manufacturers.Methods:The test was performed on a Waters Symmetry C18 column(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm)under gradient elution of metha-nol(A)and methanol-0.02 mol·L-1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution(B).The flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1 and the column temperature was 35 ℃.The detection wavelengths were 228 nm and 254 nm.Results:The good separation of the bacteriostatic agents peaks were achieved.The linear ranges of benzoic acid,methyl hydroxybenzoate,ethylparaben and propylparaben fell into 0.010 348-0.155 22 mg·mL-1,0.009 876-0.148145 mg·mL-1,0.010 106-0.151 588 mg·mL-1 and 0.010 259-0.153 882 mg·mL-1 respectively.The av-erage recoveries were 99.68％(RSD=2.35％),100.21％(RSD=1.78％),100.47％(RSD=1.59％)and 100.06％(RSD=1.65％)respectively.The LODs were 3 × 10-5 mg·mL-1,1.67 × 10-5 mg·mL-1,1.67 × 10-5 mg·mL-1 and 1.67 × 10-5 mg·mL-1 respectively.Conclusion:The established method is sensitive and accurate,and has the good separation.It provides the reliable basis for the quality control of triamcinolone ace-tonide econazole cream.

Osteosarcoma, a highly malignant tumor originating from bone tissue, is characterized by a high mortality along with a poor prognosis. The heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in its development and prognosis. Single-cell sequencing technology emerges as a crucial tool in elucidating this heterogeneity by delineating the functional characteristics and gene expression patterns of tumor cells, immune cells, and stromal cells within osteosarcoma tissues. This technology enables the depiction of the intricate interaction network between these cells. Utilizing the high-resolution advantage of single-cell sequencing, novel cell subtypes such as SPP1 (+) macrophages, C1QC (+) macrophages, and CLEC11A (+) B cells have been identified in osteosarcoma tissues, contributing to tumor growth and invasion within the tumor microenvironment. Identification of osteosarcoma stem cell subpopulations suggests that SERPINA1_CSCL1, FUS_CSCL2, and SPP1_CSCL3 populations may serve as the origin of osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, single-cell sequencing has revealed that mregDCs promote immune escape and tumor progression by selectively expressing CCR7, CCL17, CCL19, and CCL22 factors, thereby recruiting Treg cells. Additionally, this technology aids in the development of personalized chemotherapy regimens by pinpointing potential drug resistance targets in osteosarcoma, leading to the establishment of a drug resistance risk score model. In terms of disease prognosis, single-cell sequencing has identified immune infiltration-associated genes in osteosarcoma (e.g., EPHX2, FDPS, GBP1, MMD, ZYX), facilitating the construction of a prognostic analysis model for osteosarcoma patients, thus aiding in prognostic prediction.

Objective:To investigate the role of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) in glomerular podocyte immune disorder and its regulatory mechanism.Methods:Fourteen 6-week-old male hepatitis B virus (HBV) transgenic (HBV-Tg) mice were selected, and age-matched wild type (WT) mice were as controls. They were fed to different weeks, and 24 h urinary protein, blood biochemistry, renal pathology and podocyte changes under electron microscope were detected. The expression of HBx and the infiltration of immune cells in kidney tissue of HBV-Tg mice were observed by immunohistochemistry. Human podocyte cell line was transfected with pcDNA3.1/myc-HBx plasmid, and the localization of HBx and Nephrin in podocytes was detected by immunofluorescence. The expression of major histocompatibility complex Ⅱ (MHC-Ⅱ) and co- stimulatory molecule CD40 on the cell surface was detected by flow cytometry. The contents of multiple cytokines in cell culture supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to screen the downstream related genes regulated by HBx, and real-time quantitative PCR was used to verify their expressions. After overexpression or silencing of Notch1 gene with overexpressed plasmids or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in podocytes, the effects on the expression of immune molecules and cytokines secretion was observed. The Notch receptor inhibitor N-[N-(3, 5-difluorophenyl-l- alanyl)]-(s)-phenylglycine tert-butyl ester (DAPT) was used to block Notch1 signaling pathway in HBV-Tg mice, and then blood biochemistry, renal pathological changes and infiltration of immune cells in kidney tissue were observed. Results:Twenty-four-hour urine protein, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels were markedly increased (all P<0.05) and renal pathological injury was significantly aggravated in HBV-Tg mice than those in WT mice. Also, HBx was up-regulated and immune cells infiltrated in the glomerulus of HBV-Tg mice. After transfection with HBx in podocytes, the expression of MHC-Ⅱ and CD40 on the cellular surface was up-regulated (all P<0.05), the contents of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β in the supernatants were increased (all P<0.05), and the secretion of IL-4 and interferon γ (IFN-γ) was unbalanced. RNA-seq screened downstream genes of HBx, such as Notch1, PLA2R, TLR4, etc; and further confirmed that HBx could promote the up-regulation of Notch1 mRNA and protein (all P<0.05). After over-expression of Notch1 gene, HBx-induced expression of MHC-Ⅱ and CD40 on the cellular surface was significantly up-regulated (all P<0.05), and the contents of MCP-1, TNF-α and IL-1β in the supernatants were obviously increased (all P<0.05), and the imbalance of IL-4/IFN-γ was further aggravated. After Notch1 gene silencing, the above results showed the opposite changes. In vivo, the results indicated that serum creatinine levels were obviously decreased (all P<0.05), renal pathological injury and immune cell infiltration were significantly alleviated in HBV-Tg+DAPT group than those in HBV-Tg+DMSO group. Conclusions:HBx protein can promote the up-regulation of Notch1 signaling pathway in podocytes. And Notch1 signaling pathway promotes the expression of immune molecules on the surface of podocytes and regulates the imbalance of cytokines, then causes glomerular injury and dysfunction of immune microenvironment.

Objective:To investigate the protective effects of oleanic acid (OA) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and the role of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.Methods:Seventy-two adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group (I/R), OA group (I/R+OA), and inhibitor group (I/R+OA+FLLL32). The left middle cerebral artery I/R model was constructed by the thread occlusion method. After modeling, OA and JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor FLLL32 were administered via intraperitoneal injection and lateral ventricular injection, respectively, for a total of 7 days. Neurological deficits were evaluated by behavioral methods, infarct volume was detected by 2,3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, JAK2, STAT3, p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 in ischemic brain tissue were analyzed by Western blotting, and the percentage of caspase-3 positive cells in ischemic brain area was detected by immunofluorescence staining.Results:Compared with sham-operation group, the model group showed significant neurological deficits and cerebral infarction lesions. The expressions of Bax and caspase-3, as well as the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 proteins, were significantly decreased, while the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly up-regulated. Compared with model group, neurological deficits and infarct volume were significantly reduced in OA and inhibitor groups, the expression of Bax, the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3, and the percentage of caspase-3 positive cell were significantly decreased, while the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly up-regulated.Conclusion:OA may reduce neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, and then alleviate I/R injury.