AIM:To observe the antioxidation and the serum lipid lowing effects of polyphenols in luffa cylindrical on experimental hyperlipidemia mice.METHODS:Acetone was used to extract polyphenols from luffa cylindrical.The content of polyphenols was determined by Folin-ciocalteau method.The inhibitory efficacy of the extracts from luffa cylindrical to the production of OH? free radical was measured.Kunming mice were used to establish the hyperlipidemia model by feeding high fat diet.The freeze-dried fresh luffa cylindricals was added to the treated animals,xuezikang was also used as a positive control.After feeding high-fat food for 14 days,serum were collected to measure the total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and superoxidedismutase(SOD).The liver tissue was also collected for determining malonaldehyde(MDA)content.RESULTS:(1)Content of polyphenols in fresh luffa cylindrical was(0.3?0.1)g /kg.(2)The polyphenol extracts from fresh luffa cylindrical had a strong efficacy to inhibit the production of OH? free radicals.(3)The trend of body weight gain in groups LC1(low dosage luffa cylindrical)and LC2(high dosage luffa cylindrical)became slow down obviously,compared with that in group HPL(high-lipid model).(4)The levels of TC(4.19?0.37)mmol/L and LDL-C(2.77?0.79)mmol/L in group LC1,TC(3.56?0.55)mmol/L and LDL-C(2.34?0.41)mmol/L in group LC2,TC(4.59?0.96)mmol/L and LDL-C(3.25?0.67)mmol/L in group PC(positive control)were all lower than those in group HPL(P

AIM:To isolate and purify the active components from Centella asiatica, and to observe their effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of mouse spleen lymphocytes .METHODS:Semi-preparative high-performance liquid chro-matography was performed to further isolate and purify the extracts from Centella asiatica.The effects of the active components on apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential of the spleen lymphocytes were assessed by flow cytometry .The structures of the active components were identified by ultraviolet spectrometry , electrospray ionization negative-ion mass spectrometry , [1H] nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and [13C] NMR.RESULTS:The molecular weights of the active components from Centella asiatica, named compound I and compound II , were 302 and 286, respectively.The compound I and com-pound II from Centella asiatica significantly inhibited the proliferation , promoted the apoptosis and reduced the mitochondri-al membrane potential of mouse spleen lymphocytes .Compound I and compound II were identified as quercetin and kaempferol .CONCLUSION:The compound I and compound II from Centella asiatica show antiproliferative and immuno-suppressive effects on mouse spleen lymphocytes by promoting apoptosis and reducing mitochondrial membrane potential .

The gene encoding selenoprotein phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathioneperoxidase (PHGPx) is located in chromosome 19 in human. PHGPx is the secondidentified as Se-dependent intracellular glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) which is a19000(Mr), monomeric enzyme. PHGPx originally presumed to be a universal antioxidantenzyme protecting membrane lipids, appears to have adopted a variety of specificroles like silencing lipoxygenases and becoming an enzymatically inactive structuralcomponent of the mitochondrial capsule during sperm maturation. In other words,PHGPx exists as a soluble peroxidase in spermatids but persists in maturespermatozoa as an enzymatically inactive, oxidatively cross-linked, insolubleprotein. Natl J Androl,2001,7(2):109～112

Objective To identify the accurate measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN)patients. Methods Forty-two patients were enrolled in the study, including 15 females with age from 18 to 73 years old (mean 46 years old) and 27 males with age from 20 to 77 years old (mean 48 years old). The methods used for measuring GFR were classical dual plasma sample clearance method (tGFR), considered to be the gold standard,renal dynamic imaging method (dGFR), 24-hour creatinine clearance method (24hCcr). The difference and correlation amony them were analyzed. When the difference was significant, Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis were further performed. The difference of GFR detected by dGFR between left and right kidney of patients was compared simultaneously. A two-sided P value＜0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results Either dGFR or 24hCcr was statistically different from tGFR, but had excellent correlation with tGFR, and the coefficient was 0.916 (P=0.000) and 0.957 (P=0.000) respectively. The linear regressions correlation existed and the regression equations were tGFR=0.936 dGFR-4.648 (F=208.941, P=0.000), tGFR =0.887 24hCcr+2.919 (F=376.513, P=0.000) respectively. Difference had not statistically significance between left and right kidney of patients (P=0.591). Conclusions Neither dGFR nor 24hCcr can substitute tGFR, but both can reflect the GFR of the CGN patients safely and effectively. The decrease of GFR is homochronous for left and right kidney of CGN patients. Therefore, the 24hCcr can be chosen to evaluate the GFR in the hospitals without SPECT.

Objective To study the effects of verussurinine (VSRN), an alkaloid isolated from Veratrum nigrum var. ussuriense alkaloids (VnA), against thrombosis and its platelet aggregation inhibitory activity in rats in order to find out whether VSRN is the antithrombotic active ingredient of VnA. Methods The electrically induced rat carotid artery thrombosis and stasis-induced rat inferior vena cava thrombosis models were used to evaluate the anti-arterial and anti-venous thrombosis effect of VSRN, respectively. Borns turbidimetric method was used to examine the in vivo and in vitro anti-platelet effect so as to investigate the antiplatelet aggregation of VSRN. Results In comparison with saline, VSRN in five different doses (1.25—20.00 ?g/kg) showed significantly and dose-dependently prolonged occlusion time (OT) of carotid artery injured by electrical stimulation and reduced thrombus dry weight of inferior vena cava ligated for 4 h to cause stasis. Platelet aggregation was found to be inhibited by VSRN in the doses of 1.25—5.00 ?g/kg and at the concentration of 6.25—50 ?g/L in both in vivo and in vitro test. Conclusion VSRN has powerful arteriovenous antithrombosis and antiplatelet aggregation of rats. The antithrombotic effect of VSRN is related to its platelet aggregation inhibitory activity. The above findings indicate that VSRN is an antithrombotic active ingredient of VnA.

AIM:Tostudywhe ther theangiotens in-(1-7)[Ang-(1-7)]/Mas receptor axis protects cardio-myocytes against high glucose (HG)-induced injury by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway.METHODS:The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay.The intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species ( ROS) were detected by DCFH-DA staining .The number of apoptotic cells was tested by Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining .Mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMP) was examined by JC-1 staining.The levels of NF-κB p65 subunit and cleaved caspase-3 protein were de-termined by Western blotting.RESULTS: Treatment of H9c2 cardiac cells with 35 mmol/L glucose (HG) for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min significantly enhanced the levels of phosphorated ( p) NF-κB p65, peaking at 60 min.Co-treatment of the cells with 1 μmol/L Ang-(1-7) and HG for 60 min attenuated the up-regulation of p-NF-κB p65 induced by HG. Co-treatment of the cells with Ang-(1-7) at concentrations of 0.1~30μmol/L and HG for 24 h inhibited HG-induced cy-totoxicity, evidenced by an increase in cell viability .On the other hand, 1 μmol/L Ang-(1-7) ameliorated HG-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage , indicated by decreases in the number of apoptotic cells , cleaved caspase-3 level, ROS generation and MMP loss .However, the above cardioprotective effects of Ang-(1-7) were markedly blocked by A-779, an antagonist of Ang-(1-7) receptor (Mas receptor).Similarly, co-treatment of H9c2 cardiac cells with 100 μmol/L PDTC ( an inhibitor of NF-κB) and HG for 24 h also obviously reduced the above injuries induced by HG.CONCLUSION:Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis prevents the cardiomyocytes from the HG-induced injury by inhibiting NF-κB pathway .

AIM:To investigate the roles of ATP-sensitive potassium ( KATP ) channels in high glucose-induced cardiac injury and the inhibitory effect of hydrogen sulfide ( H2 S) on the cardiomyocyte injury.METHODS:The expres-sion level of KATP channel protein was tested by Western blot.The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay.The number of apoptotic cells was observed by Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining.Mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMP) was exam-ined by JC-1 staining.RESULTS:After the H9c2 cells were treated with 35 mmol/L glucose ( high glucose, HG) for 1~24 h, the protein level of KATP channel was significantly reduced at 6 h, 9 h, 12 h and 24 h, reaching the minimum level at 12 h and 24 h.Pretreatment of the cells with 400μmol/L NaHS ( a donor of H2 S) prior to exposure to HG for 12 h con-siderably blocked the down-regulation of KATP channels induced by HG.Pretreatment of the cells with 100 μmol/L mito-chondrial KATP channel opener diazoxide, 50μmol/L non-selective KATP channel opener pinacidil or NaHS obviously inhibi-ted HG-induced injuries, leading to an increase in the cell viability, and decreases in the number of apoptotic cells and the MMP loss.Pretreatment with 100μmol/L mitochondrial KATP channel antagonist 5-hydroxydecanoic acid or 1 mmol/L non-selective KATP channel antagonist glibenclamide attenuated the above cardioprotective effects of NaHS.CONCLUSION:KATP channels mediate the inhibitory effect of H2 S on HG-induced cardiac injury.

Inflammatory bowel diseases ( IBD) includes ulcerative colitis ( UC) and Crohn′s disease (CD).Recently, the incidence of IBD in China has been growing rapidly and caused a major public health burden.Although several traditional diagnostic methods can directly evaluate intestinal inflammation in patients with IBD , there are still limitations in these methods such as invasive or unreliable results because of clinical and pathologists′clinical experience .Therefore, there is urgent need for non-invasive, objective and reliable tool for IBD diagnosis or monitoring .With the development of technology and understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD , much progress has been achieved to discover novel IBD biomarkers in genetic , microecological , metabolomics and gut barrier field .In this review , we will demonstrate current updates of IBD related biomarkers and showed future prospective of these biomarkers .

Objective To analyze and discuss the source and epidemic disposition of human infection with avian influenza A(H10N8)virus. Methods Epidemiological surveys were used to collect related data and RT-PCR was applied to detect the specimens collected from cases,close contacts related exposure to live poultry markets. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results Three cases were discovered by surveillance on patients with severe pneumonia,two of the three died,but one in the hospital with the course over 6 months. All the three cases had histories of exposure to live poultry or related markets. Lower respiratory tract gargle aspirate samples of 3 patients were detected by Nanchang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Jiangxi Provincial CDC,and the results showed the influenza 2009pdmH1,H3,H5,H7,H9 subtypes negative. Specimen of patient 1 and 2 was positive for influenza A universal primers. Specimen of patient 3 was positive for H10N8 detected by Chinese National Influenza Center. All 33 close contacts of the patients were negative for H10N8 virus. Positive rate of the total poultry environmental specimens collected from the cases exposure markets was 5.19%. No new cases were found,after the prevention and control messages were implemented. Conclusion Three cases of H10N8 avian influenza virus infection province might be associated with exposure to live poultry market in Jiangxi.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics and treatment of cytomegalovirus(CMV)infection in pediatric kidney transplant patients.Methods:From May 2014 to July 2021, a total of 9 cases(8.65%)of 104 pediatric kidney transplant recipients were diagnosed with CMV infection in our centre.Retrospective data was collected for these 9 paediatric recipients.The clinical characteristics of the disease, treatment data and outcomes were summarized.Results:The median age of the 9 children was 10 years(0.25-15 years), 6 of whom were treated with polyclonal antibody for immunity induction.CMV IgG was negative in 4 children before renal transplantation.Only one patient received anti-CMV prophylaxis.The median time from transplant to the diagnosis of CMV infection was 22(7-15)days.Among the 9 children, 7 had fever, pneumonia and diarrhea, 2 had no typical symptoms, three patients were complicated with viral, bacterial or fungal infections.Acute rejection occurred in 3 patients at the same time as CMV infection or after CMV DNA turned negative.Nine patients were cured and discharged after ganciclovir or valganciclovir treatment.Median time of CMV DNA negative transformation was 32(17-90)days.Conclusions:Pediatric transplant recipients are at particularly elevated risk of CMV disease.Antiviral prophylaxis should be initiated early after transplantation.