Many studies have been conducted at home and abroad about carotid artery stenting to treat carotid artery stenosis. However, it is limited by the complications such as perioperative ischemia. Carotid artery stenting with cerebral protection devices can omit the procedure to block blood flow and can know the treatment condition through angiography. The results of comprehensive data show that carotid artery stenting is an efficient treatment technique, and can reduce the biocompatible responses of the host. In addition, carotid artery stenting with cerebral protection devices is a safe and effective therapy for high-riskcarotid artery atherosclerotic stenosis in the elderly.

Objective To study the complications and their management of plasmakinetic transurethral resection of the prostate (PKRP). Methods Complications and their management of 51 cases of PKRP from May 2003 to June 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Complications of the procedure were as follows. Bladder spasms occurred in 27 cases (accompanying hemorrhage in 2 cases and urge incontinence in 6 cases), and the symptoms disappeared after patient-controlled intravenous analgesia and M-receptor blocker (tolterodine). Postoperative bleeding occurred in 6 cases. Continuous irrigation with normal saline and medical therapy were given in 3 cases, and open surgery was required in 3 cases with severe bleeding. All bleeding patients obtained a full recovery of voiding function without re-bleeding. Urge incontinence occurred in 13 cases, and was cured with functional exercises of pelvic floor muscles and M-receptor blocker (tolterodine) administration. Stress incontinence was observed in 1 case, and a penile clamp had been used to control incontinence. Among 7 cases of urinary retention after operation, a re-operation of PKRP was conducted in 2 cases and oral medication was carried out in 5. The voiding function recovered well in all the 7 cases. In 5 cases of urethral stricture, urethral dilatation was employed in 3 cases and urethrotomy was performed in 2 cases to obtain a good recovery of voiding function. Conclusions Bladder spasm, postoperative bleeding, incontinence, urinary retention, and urethral stricture are common complications of PKRP. Strict adherence to technique and timely and proper management of complications are considered essential to improve results.

Objective:To observe the curative effect of potassium magnesium aspartate in the auxiliary treatment of ventricular pre -mature beat.Methods:Totally 70 patients with ventricular premature beat were randomly divided into the observation group (36 ca-ses) and the control group (34 cases).The patients were treated with metoprolol , and the patients in the observation group was treated with potassium magnesium aspartate as the auxiliary therapy , and the patients in the control group were treated with potassium chloride sustained release tablets as the adjuvant treatment .After 3-week continuous treatment , the changes of serum potassium , serum creatine kinase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and ECG were observed in the two groups .The therapeutic effects and adverse drug re-actions were compared between the two groups .Results: After the treatment , the levels of serum potassium , serum creatine kinase isoenzyme, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly improved when compared with those before the treatment (P<0.05), and the improvement of the observation group were significantly better than that of the control group (P<0.05).After the treatment, the heart rate and PR interval in the two groups were significantly improved (P<0.05), and there was no significant differ-ences between the two groups (P>0.05).The total effective rate of the observation group was 91.67%, which was higher than that of the control group (82.35%, P<0.05).The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:Potassium magnesium aspartate in the adjuvant treatment of ventricular premature beat can significantly improve the levels of serum potassium and serum myocardial enzyme and heart rate and ECG of the patients , and the efficacy and the incidence of adverse drug reactions are better than those of potassium chloride sustained -release tablets in the adju-vant treatment .

AIM: To determine the antioxidant and the immunoregulatory effects of Centella asiatica extracts. METHODS: Centella asiatica was extracted with alcohol and different organic solvent. The content of polyphenol was determined by Folin-ciocalteau method. The efficacy of the extracts to scavenge the hydroxy radical (OH·), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH·) and intra-cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured. Lymphocyte proliferation was assessed to observe the influence of Centella asiatica extracts. RESULTS: (1) Centella asiatica was found to have abundant polyphenol extrated from different phases and in a descending order as follows: ethyl acetate extracts>n-butanol extracts>water extracts>ligarine extracts. (2) Extracts of Centella asiatica exhibited the scavenging efficacy of OH· and DPPH· free radicals, in which the acetic ether extracts showed the significant effect. (3) The acetic ether extracts had significant ability to inhibit the generation of ROS in stimulated lymphocytes. (4) The acetic ether extracts suppressed the lymphocyte proliferation. (5) The active ingredient was identified as flavone. CONCLUSION: Flavones in the Centella asiatica posseses antioxidant activity and effectively inhibits lymphocyte proliferation, showing ability of immunosuppre-ssion.

AIM: To study protective effects as myocardial ischemic preconditioning of sasanquasaponin (SQS) and its relationship with K ATP channel. METHODS: The study adopted the model of myocardial ischemic injury induced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (ISO) in rats, administering specific K ATP channel blocker gliberclamide (GLI 5 mg?kg -1 ). Four groups were set as NS group, I/R group, SQS group ( 0.2 mg?kg -1 ), and GLI group (5 mg?kg -1 ). Prior to injection of ISO, all agents were intraveneously injected into rats for 3 days, one time per day. Subsequently, ISO was subcutaneuously injected into rats by the ways of many different sites, and some indices were measured including ECG, serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, free fatty acid (FFA), and adenosine contents in rats. RESULTS: Preconditioningly intravenous injection of SQS could effectively protect myocardium from ischemic injury induced by ISO. With GLI injected prior to SQS, the cardioprotective effects of SQS were significantly attenuated. CONCLUSION: SQS can protect myocardium from ischemic injury induced by ISO, and the protection may be mediated by K ATP channel.

This study was aimed to offer a scientific basis for the differentiation and control quality of Castanea mol-lissima Blume shell. The determination was given from the morphological identification, microscopical identification and TLC identification. The results showed that through obtained information such as morphological traits, tissue powder and TLC characteristics, the longitudinal section micrographs of C. mollissima Blume shell and the micro-scopic images of tissue powder had been received. It was concluded that the study provided a reliable reference for the identification of the quality control standards of C. mollissima Blume shell.

BACKGROUND:The existing bone grafting apparatus are al long tubular-shape, antegrade bone grafting; however, the bone grains within the tube were difficult to put through, along with large bone loss. OBJECTIVE:To design a new concept of minimaly invasive bone grafting apparatus, so as to achieve the minimaly invasive bone grafting in vertebral body and intervertebral space. METHODS: On Solidworks 2012 software platform, the 3D three-dimensional solid modeling technology was employed to design a new concept of gun-shape bone grafting device with the characteristics of headend reversely placing at the grafting position and antegrade pushout, against the problems such as antegrade bone grafting, long bone grafting path and difficulty in bone grafting existing in precious percutaneous or/and transpedicular bone graft apparatus. The virtual assembly and simulative bone grafting surgery were performed with the bone grafting apparatus for observation of the instrument matching degree and grafting surgical procedures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A set of minimaly invasive gun-shape bone grafting apparatus was successfuly designed; its length was 20 cm in total; the length of the front semi-closed bone tube was 2.5 cm. There are two kinds of diameter specifications: inner diameter of 3.5 mm/outer diameter of 4 mm, and inner diameter of 5 mm/outer diameter of 6 mm. Virtual assembly revealed that the grafting apparatus were wel matched. Stimulative surgery displayed that the bone grain loading and launch were simple. The gun-shape bone grafting device is reasonable in design, avoiding pushing too long distance, bone pushing difficulties, bone loss and other problems in previous tubular bone grafting apparatus. Percutaneous, endoscopic vertebrae or intervertebral space minimaly invasive bone grafting can be performed with this apparatus.

AIM In this study, we observe the effects of SQS on contents of myocardial malondialdehyde(MDA)and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH Px) through adopting the model of myocardial ischemic injury induced by subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline(ISO 4 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ?2 d) into rats. METHODS Four groups were divided, namely NS, I/R, SQS1 and SQS2 group. The contents of MDA and activities of SOD and GSH Px were examined after administering SQS for 3 days(1 time per day). RESULTS The results show the elevation of S T in ECG, increase of MDA contents and decrease of SOD and GSH Px activities in I/R group. SQS may antagonize the changes of MDA, SOD and GSH Px induced by ISO, revealing the relationship to dose dependence. CONCLUSION SQS is most likely to possess the capabilities of anti oxygen free radicals and anti lipoperoxidation to myocardial ischemic injury induced by ISO.

Object To study the protective effect and pharmacological ischemic preconditioning of sasanquasaponin (SQS) on intact rat heart and its relationship with NO Methods A model of rat myocardial ischemia induced by sc injection of isoproterenol (ISO) was prepared, and after the administration of selective NO synthesis inhibitor methylene blue (MET), the ECG, serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, free fatty acid (FFA) and adenosine contents were determined Results Preconditioning iv injection of SQS can effectively protect the myocardium from ischemia induced by ISO The cardio protective effect was significantly attenuated when the NO synthesis inhibitor MET were injected prior to SQS Conclusion SQS can effectively protect myocardium ischemia induced by ISO and the protection is most likely to be mediated by NO

BACKGROUND:In recent years, many manufacturing techniques have been recently developed for soft tissue engineering scaffolds. Especialy additive manufacturing with a unique material accumulated forming principle can be feasible and reliable to manufacture the highly precise scaffolds with gradient structures and multi-materials for large soft tissue defect repairing.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize scaffolds manufacturing technologies in the soft tissue engineering applications developed in recent years and to predict the direction of development.
METHODS: A retrieval was performed for the literature about the manufacturing methods of soft tissue scaffolds using key words of “additive manufacturing, microfabrication, vascular tissue engineering, muscle tissue engineering, cartilage tissue engineering, stereolithography, 3D printing, biodegradable hydrogel” in English and Chinese, which were published between January 2010 and September 2013 in PubMed Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) Database.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:For large soft tissue defects repairing, structure design of the scaffolds has been shifted from a simple planar structure to a more complex three-dimensional structure, and integration of scaffold structure, materials and cels, and growth factors during the manufacturing procedure can be used to obtain the resolution of vascularization. Additive manufacturings become one of the most promising approaches for the ideal soft tissue scaffolds with gradient and complex structure and multi-materials. In particular, the hydrogel/cellcomposite scaffolds fabrication, a hot but promising approach to develop the soft tissue engineering wil be made progress by the accurate principles and processes of the hydrogel additive manufacturing combined with the introduction of living cels and growth factors.