AIM: To observe the effect of Retinervus luffae fructus (RLF) on the myocardial ischemia in mice. METHODS: Mice were supplied with RLF (166.7,333.3, 666.7 g/L) twice daily (0.01 mL/g, ig). One week later, 30 U/kg pituitrin was injected intraperitoneally. The electrocardiogram was recorded, and the content of lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) in the serum and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), maleicdialdehyde (MDA) in the myocardium were examined. RESULTS: RLF reduced the height of T wave in electrocardigram in myocardial ischemia mice and inhibited the decrease in heart rate. RLF also reduced the content of LDH in serum and the content of MDA in myocardium. The increase in the activity of SOD in myocardium was also observed. CONCLUSION: RLF may protect myocardium against ischemia injury. The mechanism may be related to the increase in activity of SOD and the suppression of the lipid peroxidation.

Objective:To investigate the protective effects of oleanic acid (OA) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and the role of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.Methods:Seventy-two adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group (I/R), OA group (I/R+OA), and inhibitor group (I/R+OA+FLLL32). The left middle cerebral artery I/R model was constructed by the thread occlusion method. After modeling, OA and JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor FLLL32 were administered via intraperitoneal injection and lateral ventricular injection, respectively, for a total of 7 days. Neurological deficits were evaluated by behavioral methods, infarct volume was detected by 2,3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, JAK2, STAT3, p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 in ischemic brain tissue were analyzed by Western blotting, and the percentage of caspase-3 positive cells in ischemic brain area was detected by immunofluorescence staining.Results:Compared with sham-operation group, the model group showed significant neurological deficits and cerebral infarction lesions. The expressions of Bax and caspase-3, as well as the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 proteins, were significantly decreased, while the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly up-regulated. Compared with model group, neurological deficits and infarct volume were significantly reduced in OA and inhibitor groups, the expression of Bax, the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3, and the percentage of caspase-3 positive cell were significantly decreased, while the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly up-regulated.Conclusion:OA may reduce neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, and then alleviate I/R injury.

Objective To explore the structure of violent attitude and the predictive character of the passionate criminal and recidivist. Methods This study used FMMU-Abnormal Personality Risk Factors Inventory (FMMU-APRI) for measuring explicit violent attitude of the passionate criminal and recidivist in prison; while used the picture Attitude Activation paradigm (AAP) for assessing implicit violent attitude. Results The AAP results showed that parts of passionate criminal and recidivist had reversed priming effect, according to whether reversed, there were divided into four types: no-reversal passionate criminals, reversal passionate criminals, no-reversal recidivists and reversal recidivists, VIO scores of no-reversal passionate criminals and recidivists recidivist were significantly higher than the norm, as reversal passionate criminals and recidivists had no significance; in noreversal passionate criminals, compatible response rate was 1.104, incompatible response rate was 1.053; in reversal passionate criminals, compatible response rate was 1.042, incompatible response rate was 0.997; in no-reversal recidivists, compatible response rate was 1.059, incompatible response rate was 1.097; in reversal recidivists , compatible response rate was 1.039, incompatible response rate was 0.998, as each group had strong priming effect, and each group had a dissociation of implicit and explicit violent attitude. Conclusion The results suggest that offenders who have committed a crime in the same category also had a different violent attitude; and integrating indirect methods with direct methods would predict a crime more accurately.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning on cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats.Methods:One hundred and twenty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, low-dose LPS group (0.05 mg/kg), medium-dose LPS group (0.15 mg/kg), and high-dose LPS group (0.45 mg/kg). LPS was injected intraperitoneally for preconditioning, once a day for 7 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, the left middle cerebral artery occlusion model was induced by suture-occluded method. The model was reperfused 1.5 h after ischemia. At 24 h after reperfusion, the neurological deficit was evaluated by neurobehavioral score. The volume of cerebral infarction was measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2 and MMP-9 in ischemic brain tissue was detected by Western blot analysis.Results:Compared with the sham operation group, blood-brain barrier permeability was increased in the model group, serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were up-regulated, and the expression of TLR4, MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins in ischemic brain tissue was up-regulated. Compared with the model group, the neurological impairment of each LPS intervention group was significantly reduced, the volume of cerebral infarction was significantly reduced, the permeability of blood-brain barrier was significantly reduced, the serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were down-regulated, and the expression of TLR4, MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein in ischemic brain tissue was down-regulated, especially in the medium-dose group and the high-dose group.Conclusions:LPS preconditioning can induce the formation of ischemic tolerance, inhibit the activation of TLR4-MMP-2/MMP-9 signal pathway, reduce the damage and inflammation of blood-brain barrier structure, and thus play a neuroprotective role in rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion.

OBJECTIVE: Observe the changes of small airway function in patients with rhinitis but without asthma and/or lower airway symptoms. METHOD: Between June 2008 and December 2012, we recruited 903 subjects, including 377 with allergic rhinitis (AR), 262 with non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) and 264 healthy subjects. All subjects underwent meticulous history taking, nasal examination, allergen skin prick test, blood routine test, serum total immunoglobin E assay, pulmonary ventilation function test and bronchial challenge test. RESULT: The indices of FEV1/FVC%, MEF25pred% and MMEFpred% were lower in AR group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The indices of FEV1/FVC, MMEFpred%, MEF25pred% and MEF50pred% were also lower in NAR group than in the control group (P < 0.05). According to the FVCpred% and FEV1pred%, there were no differences between rhinitis group and the control group (P > 0.05). The positive rate of airway hyperresponsiveness(AHR) in AR group and in NAR group was 12.2%, 6.1% respectively. Indices of small airway function were all lower in the AHR group than NAHR group in rhinitis. CONCLUSION Compared with healthy controls, small airway function in patients with rhinitis has apparent changes, part of rhinitis patients has AHR, and is associated with small airway function changes.
Asthma ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Respiratory System ; physiopathology ; Rhinitis ; physiopathology ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; physiopathology ; Skin Tests

Objective To evaluate the cognitive function and its correlative factors in centenarians.Methods Forty-nine subjects in Zhongxiang city were included in this mass screening.Questionnaire was utilized to collect basic data,including age,gender,ability of daily life,depression,life habits,body mass index,and history of chronic diseases on all the subjects.And the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)was adopted to evaluate cognitive function of old people.T test and chi-square test were used to compare the difference in effectiveness of multiple different factors on cognitive function,while binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effects of multiple different factors on cognitive function.Results The mean score of the ability of different dimensions of cognitive function was (7.10 ± 2.71) in direction,(1.94 ±± 0.80) in memory,(0.61 ± 1.07) in attention and computation,(1.92 ± 0.86) in recall,and (4.73 ± 2.14) in speech,respectively,with total score of cognitive function of(16.30±6.02) in forty-nine centenarians.Normal cognitive function was found in 25 cases,and decreased cognitive function was found in 24 cases.Single factor logistic analysis indicated that body mass index(t=-3.399,P=0.001)and self-rating depression scale(t=-5.731,P＜0.001) were lower in patients with normal cognitive function than in patients with declined cognitive function.And smoking patients were associated with higher rates of normal cognitive function than the non-smoking patients(87.5％ vs.43.9％,x2 =5.091,P=0.028),and patients with normal hearing were associated with higher rate of normal cognitive function than patients with hearing loss(70.3 ％ vs.27.3 ％,x2 =9.01,P=0.030).Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that depression index(β=-14.40,P=0.001) and body mass index(β=-0.424,P=0.015) were independent effective factors for cognitive function.Conclusions Improvement of the condition of depression and controlling the body mass index are hopeful for recovering or postponing their cognitive impairment in centenarians.

Objective　To investigate the role of miR-132 in oxygen-glucose-deprivation （OGD） induced ischemic injury model using primary cortical neurons.Methods　Cultured primary cortical neurons were exposed to oxygen-glucose-deprivation （OGD）for 2 h followed by 24 h reperfusion.The cells were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham),OGD group,lentivirus control group (LV-control),miR-132 low expression group (LV-anti-miR-132),and miR-132 overexpression group (LV-miR-132).CCK-8,real-time PCR,and Western blot were used to study the effects and mechanisms of miR-132 on primary cortical neurons injured by OGD.Results　The expression levels of miR-132 were significantly reduced in the OGD-induced ischemic injury model (P<0.05).The reduced expression of miR-132 aggravated OGD injury and significantly reduced cell viability in OGD-induced primary cortical neuron ischemic injury.On the contrary,the increased expression levels of miR-132 reduced OGD injury and increased cell survival.Western blot results showed that overexpression of miR-132 upregulated the levels of synapsin-1 and PSD95.Conclusion　Overexpression of miR-132 can improve OGD-induced ischemic injury and increase the survival of primary cortical neurons by upregulating the synapsin-1 and PSD95.

Objective:To retrieve, evaluate, and integrate the best evidence for the prevention of central venous catheter-associated thrombosis in children, so as to provide a basis for clinical nursing programs for children with catheter-associated thrombosis.Methods:UpToDate, British Medical Journal Best Practice, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Synthesis, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Guideline International Network, National Guideline Clearinghouse, ACP Journal Club, PubMed, China Medlive Guidelines Network, China Biomedical Database, WanFang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure were retrieved by computer. The retrieval time limit was from June 30, 2011 to June 30, 2021. Four researchers independently screened the article, and extracted and summarized the article that met the quality standards.Results:A total of 10 articles were included, including four guidelines, three expert consensus articles, two evidence summaries, and one systematic review. A total of 24 pieces of evidence were summarized in five aspects of children's central venous catheter training, risk factor assessment, central venous catheter placement, catheter maintenance and thrombosis prevention.Conclusions:The best evidence for the prevention of central venous catheter-associated thrombosis in children is comprehensive and extensive, instructive and actionable, and can provide a basis for the clinical nursing program of catheter-associated thrombosis prevention in children. Medical and nursing staff can further refine evidence-based nursing practice programs according to the characteristics of children of different ages from the above five aspects, standardize the process of central venous catheter placement and maintenance, and provide children with drug or non-drug prevention.

BACKGROUND: The symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) greatly affect the quality of life (QoL) in the patients with AR. The correlations of nasal response to leukotriene D4 (LTD4) and histamine nasal provocation with health related QoL in AR are not clear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlations of nasal response to LTD4 and histamine nasal challenge with QoL in AR. METHODS: Patients randomly underwent LTD4 and histamine nasal challenge tests, completed the rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQoLQ), and rating the symptom severity score (total symptom score 4, TSS4) in the previous week. The correlations between nasal challenge tests induced nasal responses and QoL in RQoLQ were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 25 eligible AR patients enrolled and finished both LTD4 and histamine nasal challenge and completed the questionnaire of RQoLQ. Histamine nasal challenge induced sneezing, increased nasal resistant were correlated with most of the dimensions (general, practical, nasal, eye problems, and quality of sleep, p < 0.05), while LTD4 nasal challenge induced sneeze, increased nasal resistant only correlated with nasal and ocular problems. On the contrary, the severity of the sneeze assessed by TSS4, was not correlated with QoL, while the severity of rhinorrhea, congestion, and nasal pruritus were correlated with nasal and practical problems, and nasal congestion was also correlated with ocular problems (r = 0.60, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: LTD4 and histamine nasal challenge induced nasal responses were correlated with different clinical symptoms severity and QoL, which can be used as a good diagnosis and evaluation methods for the management of AR.
Diagnosis ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Histamine ; Humans ; Leukotriene D4 ; Pruritus ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Sneezing

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of neural development-related genes LIS1and TSNAX with bipolar disorder in a Chinese Han population.

METHODSThree hundred and eight five patients (including 188 males and 197 females) from Guangzhou Brain Hospital with bipolar disorder meeting the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Bipolar Disorder (BDI) (Fourth Edition) criteria and 475 healthy controls from the local community were recruited. Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the LIS1 and TSNAX genes were genotyped by GoldenGate genotyping assay on an Illumina Beadstation 500 machine. Association analyses of SNPs and haplotypes were performed with Plink 1.07 software.

RESULTSAnalysis of the total sample has failed to find any association of SNP or haplotype of the two genes with BDI (P> 0.05). When patients were divided into subgroups with or without psychotic symptom, no significant association of the two genes was found with psychotic BDI or non-psychotic BDI (P> 0.05). No significant association was found between any SNP and haplotype of two genes and female BDI or male BDI, nor were significant association found between age of onset and LIS1 and TSNAX gene polymorphisms.

CONCLUSIONOur results indicated that LIS1 and TSNAX genes are not associated with susceptibility to bipolar I disorder in Chinese Han population.

1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase ; genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; Bipolar Disorder ; ethnology ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Young Adult