Objective According to the special changes of ECG in hyperkalemia animals, explore a method to reproduce a rabbits model for hyperkalemia. Methods Three programs were applied by intravenous drip of 3%KCl to reproduce the hyperkalemia model. In the first program,once the wide and deformed QRS complex occurred, the potassium drip should be stopped immediately. In the second program,the wide and deformed QRS complex was kept for 30 min by adjusting the speed of potassium infusion. In the third program, once low and flat P wave and peaked T wave appeared, immediately adjusted the speed of potassium infusion in order to keep for 30 min. And HR, BP, urine output and serum potassium were monitored simultaneously. Hyperkalemia is defined as serum potassium≥5.1 mol/L. The successful hyperkalemia model should keep serum potassium≥5.1 mol/L after ceasing potassium given 30 min. Results The second and third programs could reproduce a hyperkalemia model successfully. The serum potassium returned to normal within 30 min after stopping potassium given in the first program. Conclusion The method which keep low and flat P wave and peaked T wave for 30 min and keep the wide and deformed QRS complex 30 min could reproduce the hyperkalemia model successfully.

Objective To investigate the distribution of the CTX-M- extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs) producing Esche- richia coli(ECO) and the molecular mechanism of dissemination. Methods To analyze the drug resistance of the 43 isolates, Kirby-Bauer susceptibility method was used. Multiple polymeraso chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the gene of ESBLs, AmpC, full length of blaCTX-M-like gene, insertion sequence (IS) ISEcp1B, IS903 , IS26 and integron I. NEST-PCR was used to detect if the beta-lactamase gene lo- cated in the integron I. The product of full length of bla-CTX-M like gone amplified by PCR was sequenced. Results Susceptibility test showed the resistance from high to low in turn was Ampicillin (97.68%), Coftriaxone (67.44 % ), piperacillin(65.12 % ), Cefotaxime (62.79 % ) ,Coftasidime(58.14% ), Cofasolin(55.81% ), Cofepime (53.49%), Cefexitin(51.16%), ciprofloxacin (44. 19% ), Aztreo- nam(41.86% ), Cefoperasone/Sulbactam ( 20.93% ), Amikacin (0% ), Imipenem (0% ), respectively. ECO was susceptive to Imipenem. CTX-M-G1 was found in 25 strains of ECO , TEM, SHV, CTX-M-G1, ISEcp1B, and integron I were found in the nine isolates. IS903 were found in ECO 3 and 5, and IS26 was found in ECO 3. In ECO 3 and 5, blaCTX-M-like was flanked upstream by ISEcp1B element that provided -35 and -10 promoter sequences and a right inverted repeat (IRR) recognized by transposase, downstream by IS903 provided an inverted re- peat, ISEcp1 B and IS903 composed the complex transpeson. Conclusion ISEcplB may drive the expression and dissemination of blaCTX-M-like gene at a high level.

Objective To explore the effect of salmon calcitonin on osteoporosis induced by spinal cord injury. Methods 100 patients with osteoporosis induced by spinal cord injury from September 2011 to September 2014 in our department were included. They were randomly divided into control group (n=50) and observation group (n=50). The control group received vitamin D3 only, while the observation group received vitamin D3 combined with salmon calcitonin on the basis of rehabilitation physiotherapy, for 6 months. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of pain was evaluated in different periods. The bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine and femoral neck, the parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone gla protein (BGP) and 1,25- dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) were tested and recorded. Results The VAS score was lower in the observation group than in the control group 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after treatment (P<0.001). The BMD of lumbar spine and femoral neck was significantly higher, the PTH and BGP were significantly lower and the 1,25-(OH)2D3 was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group after treatment (P<0.001). Conclusion Combination of salmon calcitonin can effectively reduce the bone pain and improve the BMD in patients with osteoporosis induced by spinal cord injury.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of Yunshi Ganmao Heji against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection based on network pharmacology and in vivo experiments. Methods:Network pharmacological prediction: Several databases including TCMSP and GeneCards were used to predict the active ingredients and targets of Yunshi Ganmao Heji in the intervention of RSV infection. Cytoscape 3.2.1 software was used to construct the traditional Chinese medicine component-disease target network diagram. The interactions between proteins were analyzed by STRING database. GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed using Metascape database. Molecular docking technology was used to verify the results of network pharmacology. Experimental verification of Yunshi Ganmao Heji for the intervention of RSV infection: A mouse model of RSV infection was established through intranasal infection. After the administration of Yunshi Ganmao Heji, blood routine test results, lung indexes and pathological changes in lung tissue were analyzed. Peripheral blood T cell subsets were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in serum were detected by ELISA. RT-PCR was used to detect the relative expression of TLR4, NF-κB and RSV-N gene at mRNA level in lung tissues.Results:A total of 41 active ingredients of Yunshi Ganmao Heji and 111 drug targets for RSV infection were obtained. Besides, 167 signaling pathways mainly including PI3K/AKT, MAPK and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways were obtained. Molecular docking results showed that the binding energies of luteotin, kaempferol and quercetin, three active ingredients of Yunshi Ganmao Heji, with RSV-G, RSV-F, PI3K, AKT1 and Bcl-2 were less than 0 kcal/mol. In vivo experiment results showed that compared with RSV group, the counts of white blood cells and lymphocytes increased and the lung index decreased in high-dose Yunshi Ganmao Heji group, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). HE staining showed pulmonary hyperplasia, thickened alveolar wall and inflammatory cell infiltration in interstitium in RSV group. Alveoli in ribavirin group as well as low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose Yunshi Ganmao Heji groups tended to be of uniform size, and the alveolar walls was roughly uniform in thickness. Compared with RSV group, the low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose Yunshi Ganmao Heji groups showed significantly increased numbers of CD3 +, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes, decreased CD4 + /CD8 + T cell ratio, lower levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β in serum, and reduced viral load and inhibited expression of TLR4 and NF-κB at mRNA level in lung tissues ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Yunshi Ganmao Heji can regulate RSV infection by targeting multiple targets and pathways with several active ingredients. Its main functions are to alleviate pathological injury in lung tissues and reduce inflammatory response, and the possible mechanism underlying the antiviral functions may be related to its inhibitory effect on the activation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway.