According to the survery and analysis on 611 persons, we find that difference between age and education level can have great influence to the realization and procedure of euthanasia. With the growing of the age, the opposed rate to the euthanasia is increased. And with the improving of the education level, the supportive rate is also increased.

Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Carcinoma/surgery* ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy* ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To investigate the generative or regenerative hair cell and studes of molecular and genetic in the inner ear,the long-term culture systems of utricular sensory epithelial cell of the rats were established.Method:Utricular sensory epithelial of postnatal day 1 rats was isolated by mechanical dissociation.The explants were digested by thermolysin,then transfrred to an aliquot containing trypsin and collagenase for incubation to harvest the pure utricular sensory epithelial cell. USEC wes cultured in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium(DMEM) and passaged.USEC of the 25 passages observed by inverted microscope and ultrastrctural examination with transmission electron microscope.Immunocytochemical method with cytokeratin 18 ,vimentin,Brn3.a and Calretinin; reverse transcription PCR with mRNA of AchRa9 and Myosin Ⅶa.The markers of hair cells were used identify the characteriztion of USEC of the 25 passages.Result:USEC have been cultured for more than 6 months and passaged 25 passages.USEC of the 25 passages showed a large,flat,polygonal epichlial morphotype with big,round neuclei.The cells grew into monolayer,cobblestone-likeappearance and showed Dome formation. The cells expressed cytokeratin 18 , not expressed vimentin,has rich microvilli and complex tight junction,which indicated the epithlial origination of USEC.Coexpressed of the hair cell characteristic markers Brn3.a,Calretinin and mRNA of AchRa9,Myosin Ⅶa was identified the culture cell that may represent rat progenitor hair cell.Conclusion:The long-term culture systems of utricular sensory epithelial cell of the rats were successfully established. The long-term culture USEC coexpressed the characteristic markers of the hair cell ,which identified the culture cell may represent progenitor cell of rats hair cell .It may provide valuable cell sources for in-depth investigation the mechanisms of hair cell generation or regeneration and studes of molecular and genetic in the inner ear.

In order to know the effects of caloric stimulation on neuronal firing in medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) by middle ear irrigation, the middle ear was irrigated with ice (4 degrees C), hot (44 degrees C), and warm (37 degrees C) water, and the firing rate of MVN neuron was extracellularly recorded. The results showed that the firing rate of MVN neuron was changed by caloric stimulation, and the majority of MVN neurons showed excitation by irrigation with hot water and inhibition by ice water (type A). The neuronal firing was recovered immediately after the cessation of the stimulation. I It was concluded that the neuronal firing rate in MVN was changed by caloric stimulation in middle ear cavity. The response was different in various neurons.
Cold ; Ear, Middle ; Electrophysiology ; Endolymph/physiology ; Heat ; Irrigation ; Neurons/classification ; Neurons/physiology ; Rats, Wistar ; Vestibular Nerve/*physiology ; Vestibular Nuclei/*physiology

To investigate the effects of the free radical, 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picylhydrazyl, on cochlear blood flow, 20 guinea pigs were divided into 3 groups at random, 6 for control group, 6 for 1 mmol/L group and 8 for 0.1 mmol/L group. 2 microliters vehicle or drugs were dropped into round window membrane (RWM). Cochlear microcirculation was monitored by laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF), and mean arterial blood flow (MABP), which was transferred by pressure conductor sensor and preamplifier, was simultaneously recorded on the computer. Our results showed that MABP was stable throughout the experiment. Cochlear blood flow (CBF) increased by 10.32% (P < 0.05) in 1 mmol/L group, and decreased by 4.89% in 0.1 mmol/L group (P < 0.05). In control group cochlear microcirculation showed no significant changes. It is concluded that DPPH exerted effects on cochlear microcirculation.
Blood Flow Velocity ; Cochlea/*blood supply ; Free Radicals/pharmacology ; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry ; Microcirculation/drug effects ; Picrates/*pharmacology ; Random Allocation

Noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for the ventilation treatment of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is the first-line treatment method. This article aims to describe the effect of surgical operation especially for the UPPP in the individualized comprehensive treatment of OSAHS and the importance of surgical technique. Lower compliance is the bottleneck of CPAP therapy in clinical application, for the OSAHS patients with treatment failure in CPAP or those cannot accept CPAP therapy, when with no other ideal instrument therapeutics, accurate diagnosis of position in airway obstruction with an adequate surgical operation is the treatment,of choice. Surgical operation is particularly important either as a fore-lying means to improve the CPAP treatment compliance or as an independence treatment method of OSAHS. The pharyngeal cavity is the most common obstructive plane in patients with OSAHS. The operation of traditional UPPP aiming at the expansion of pharyngeal cavity is the classics surgery to solve obstruction in this plane, the lower operation effective rate is the main reason of restriction in its development. How to improve the effective rate of surgical treatment of OSAHS is our surgical goal. The effective rate of surgical operation treatment in OSAHS rely on the following sides: to follow the OSAHS individualized comprehensive treatment principle, reasonable choice of surgical operation indication, the precise localization diagnosis of upper airway obstruction, adequate surgical operation and skilled surgical techniques.
Airway Obstruction ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Humans ; Palate ; surgery ; Pharynx ; surgery ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; surgery ; Treatment Failure

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases have close connection with the initiation, progression and progn osis of various malignancies. Recently, several approaches such as monoclonal an tibodies, bispecific antibodies, low molecular weight tyrosine kinase inhibitors and gene therapy targeting the EGFR family of receptors for anti-tumor therapy have been developed, some of which are currently undergoing clinical trials. Th ey are generally well tolerated, and have shown encouraging clinical efficacy in a variety of tumor types.

Objective To observe the speech development in monosyllables from Chinese children so as to establish references in the provision of rehabilitation to hearing impaired children.To study any causal relations of monosyllable production and the age factor,and the difference of these words.Methods 2 029 children of the ages from 3 year and 3 months to 6 year and 2 months were studied after they were divided into three age groups.Speech material consisted of 945 commonly used Chinese monosyllables.Each word was used for each test to 50 children or greater for each group.Results The percentage of correctly repeated words was within the rang of 0.76～1(median=0.97)in the young group,0.42～1(median=0.95)for the younger group and 0.40～1(median=0.94)for the youngest group.Statistically significant differences were found between each age(P

Objective To observe the expression of gamma-amino butyric acid A receptor(GABAA receptor)?3、?1、? subunits in rat flocculus following unilateral labyrinthectomy(UL).Methods 24 wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups.18 animals received unilateral labyrinthectomy while the others maintained labyrinthine well.After removing left labyrinthine,the change of GABAA receptor ?3、?1、? subunits was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results GABAA receptor ?1、? subunits in flocculus was induced on the operated side after unilateral labyrinthectomy.The most expression was on the 1st day flocculus of following UL.The expression is descending from the 3rd day to 7th day flocculus of following UL.The GABAA receptor ?3 subunit immunostaining in flocculus was weak and did not change in the process of vestibular compensation.Conclusion GABAA receptor ?1、? subunits were induced increase in the flocculus after unilateral labyrinthectomy.The alteration in the resting discharge of the central vestibular neurons may be caused by the increase of GABAA receptor ?1、? subunits in the flocculus.But the significance of the change of GABAA receptor ?1、? subunits in the vestibular compensation is still unknown.Our study suggests that GABAA receptor ?3 subunits may not participate in constructing GABAA receptor in the flocculus.

Objective To study the changes of cell motility of outer hair cells in the cochlear of guinea pigs under treatment of sodium nitroprusside(SNP). Methods By using the whole cell patch clamp recording technique in normal external and internal cell solution, the cell motility of outer hair cells under stimulation of voltage was observed in different concentration of SNP. Results Sodium nitroprusside apparently inhibited outer hair cells' motility when SNP concentration was higher than 100 ?Mol/L ( P