Type 1 diabetes, a complex genetic disease, is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. After excluding the five susceptibility loci discovered by genetic linkage studies and candidate-gene association studies, more than 30 new susceptibility loci have been found to be related with type 1 diabetes as a result of genome-wide association study.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between carotid atherosclerotic plaques stability and the clinical symptoms of carotid atherosclerosis by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Methods Fifty patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques were examed with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography,the contrast agent visualization of the carotid atherosclerotic plques were analyzed and compared with their clinical symptoms. Results Twenty-three patients who suffered from obvious clinical symptom were entirely visualized. Twenty-weven patients had not apparent clinical symptom,of these patients,15 were sparse visualized,there was no visualization in other 12 patients. Conclusions Conlrast enhanced ultrasonography can real-time observe microcirculation in carotid atherosclerotic piques,and assess the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques.

In order to evaluate the left ventricular remodeling in patients with myocardial infarction after revascularization with intravenous real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (RT-MCE), intravenous RT-MCE was performed on 20 patients with myocardial infarction before coronary revascularization. Follow-up echocardiography was performed 3 months after coronary revascularization. Segmental wall motion was assessed using 18-segment LV model and classified as normal, hypokinesis, akinesis and dyskinesis. Myocardial perfusion was assessed by visual interpretation and divided into 3 conditions: homogeneous opacification=1; partial or reduced opaciflcation or subendocardial contrast defect=2; constrast defect=3. Myocardial perfusion score index (MPSI) was calculated by dividing the total sum of contrast score by the total number of segments with abnormal wall motion. Twenty patients were classified into 2 groups according to the MPSI: MPSI1.5 as poor myocardial perfusion. To assess the left ventricular remodeling, the following comparisons were carried out: (1) Comparisons of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) before and 3 months after revascularization in two groups; (2) Comparisons of LVEF, LVESV and LVEDV pre-revascularization between two groups and comparisons of these 3 months post-revascularization between two groups; (3) Comparisons of the differences in LVEF, LVESV and LVEDV between 3 months post-and pre-revascularization (DeltaLVEF, DeltaLVESV and DeltaLVEDV) between two groups; (4) The linear regression analysis between DeltaLVEF, DeltaLVESV, DeltaLVEDV and MPSI. The results showed that the LVEF obtained 3 months after revascularization in patients with MPSI>1.5 was obviously lower than that in those with MPSI1.5 was obviously larger than that in those with MPSI1.5 and those with MPSI Echocardiography/*methods ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Myocardial Infarction/*diagnosis ; Myocardial Infarction/pathology ; Myocardial Infarction/*ultrasonography ; Myocardial Reperfusion ; Myocardium/*pathology ; Perfusion ; Regression Analysis ; Time Factors ; Ventricular Remodeling

This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between carotid atherosclerotic plaque stability and the clinical symptoms in patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques by using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Fifty patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques were enrolled and examined with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. The correlation of contrast agent enhancement of the carotid atherosclerotic plaques and the clinical symptoms was analyzed. The results showed that among the 50 patients, plaques were enhanced in the 23 patients with obvious clinical symptoms. In 27 patients without apparent clinical symptoms, plaques were enhanced sparsely in 15 patients and not enhanced in 12 patients. It was suggested that contrast-enhanced ultrasonography could be used for the examination of the microcirculation in carotid atherosclerotic plaques on real-time basis and serve as a new noninvasive approach for the assessment of stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques.
Carotid Artery Diseases/*ultrasonography ; Contrast Media ; Image Enhancement/*methods ; Phospholipids/*diagnostic use ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sulfur Hexafluoride/*diagnostic use

OBJECTIVE To discuss the clinical traits,pathogenesis and TCM stepwise treatments of urinary tract infection(UTI) based on symptom differentiation among elderly patients.METHODS Because of the whole and the partial immune defense function descending,the elderly patients easily suffered from UTI,which was characterized by non-typical symptom,complex and serious condition.In the aspects of the pathogenesis of UTI among elderly patients,the principal aspect of which was the deficiency of the kidney and spleen(weakened body resistance)and the secondary incidental was accumulated damp-heat in the lower warmer(affected pathogenic factor),viz weaken healthy qi and excessive pathogenic factor.Hence during the clinical treatment we should attach importance to regulate entire faculty condition.Considering the acute attack stage and non-acute phase,we will differently inflict therapies of clearing away the heat-evil,dissolving dampness,treating stranguria,hemostasis,and invigorating spleen and kidney assisted by treating stranguria and so on,according to differentiation of symptoms and treatments,in which way we could give attention to both the principal and the secondary aspects of a disease.RESULTS The TCM stepwise therapy of UTI among elderly patients had the characteristics of high efficacy,few side reactions and stable long-term curative effects.CONCLUSIONS The TCM therapy of UTI among elderly patients has more potentiality and predominance,which deserves further study.

Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine malignant tumors, and its molecular pathogenesis is also a process of multiple genes involved in many steps of carcinogenesis. With the development of molecular biology technology, a variety of related gene mutations and epigenetic phenomena have been found in thyroid cancer tissues. It is helpful to understand the latest progress in the research of the gene mutation and epigenetics of thyroid cancer for its early diagnosis, prevention and the development of targeted drugs.

Objective: To investigate the effect of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) knockdown on the migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) KYSE-450 cell and underlying mechanism. Methods: Lentiviral transfection was conducted to establish sh-NC control cell and ACC1 knocking down cell (sh-ACC1). Human siRNA HSP27 and control were transfected by Lipo2000 to get si-HSP27 and si-NC. The selective acetyltransferase P300/CBP inhibitor C646 was used to inhibit histone acetylation and DMSO was used as vehicle control. Transwell assay was performed to detect cell migration. The expression of HSP27 mRNA was examined by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and the expressions of ACC1, H3K9ac, HSP27 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins E-cadherin and Vimentin were detected by western blot. Results: The expression level of ACC1 in sh-NC group was higher than that in sh-ACC1 group (P<0.01). The number of cell migration in sh-NC group was (159.00±24.38), lower than (361.80±26.81) in sh-ACC1 group (P<0.01). The protein expression levels of E-cadherin and Vimentin in sh-NC group were statistically significant compared with sh-AAC1 group (P<0.05). The migrated cell number in sh-NC+ si-NC group was (189.20±16.02), lower than (371.60±38.40) in sh-ACC1+ si-NC group (P<0.01). The migrated cell number in sh-NC+ si-NC group was higher than that in sh-NC+ si-HSP27 group (152.40±24.30, P<0.01), and the migrated cell number in sh-ACC1+ si-NC group was higher than that in sh-ACC1+ si-HSP27 group (P<0.01). The protein expression levels of E-cadherin and Vimentin in sh-NC+ si-NC group were significantly different from those in sh-ACC1+ si-NC and sh-NC+ si-HSP27 groups (P<0.01). The protein expression levels of E-cadherin and Vimentin in sh-ACC1+ si-NC group were significantly different from those in sh-ACC1+ si-HSP27 group (P<0.01). After 24 h treatment with C646 at 20 μmmo/L, the migrated cell number in sh-NC+ DMSO group was (190.80±11.95), lower than (395.80±17.10) in sh-ACC1+ DMSO group (P<0.01). The migrated cell number in sh-NC+ DMSO group was lower than that in sh-NC+ C646 group (256.20±23.32, P<0.01). The migrated cell number in sh-ACC1+ DMSO group was higher than that in sh-ACC1+ C646 group (87.80±11.23, P<0.01). The protein expressions of H3K9ac, HSP27, E-cadherin and Vimentin in sh-NC+ DMSO group were significantly different from those in sh-ACC1+ DMSO group and sh-NC+ C646 group (P<0.01). The protein expression levels of H3K9ac, HSP27, E-cadherin and Vimentin in sh-ACC1+ DMSO group were significantly different from those in sh-ACC1+ C646 group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Knockdown of ACC1 promotes the migration of KYSE-450 cell by up-regulating HSP27 and increasing histone acetylation.
Humans ; Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/genetics* ; Vimentin/metabolism* ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism* ; Histones/metabolism* ; Cadherins/metabolism* ; Cell Movement ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/genetics* ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Notch signal on hypoxic induction factor (HIF-1α) and autophagy-associated genes Beclin1, LC3I, LC3II in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) induced myocardial cell injury. METHODS: The OGD model was established using hypoxic culture box and hypoglycemic DMEM medium. The cells were divided into normal control group, OGD group, OGD + NC siRNA group, OGD + Notch1 siRNA group and OGD + HIF-1α siRNA group. Western blot was used to detect the interference effects of HIF-1α siRNA and Notch1 siRNA. The effects of Notch1 siRNA and HIF-1α siRNA on the activity of myocardial cells in OGD model were detected by the CCK-8 assay. The effects of Notch1 siRNA and HIF-1α siRNA on autophage-associated genes Beclin1, LC3I and LC3II expression were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: The results of Western blot showed that HIF-1α siRNA could effectively knock down the expression of HIF-1α in myocardial cells in OGD model, and Notch1 siRNA could effectively knock down the expression of Notch1 and HIF-1α in myocardial cells in OGD model. The result of CCK-8 assay showed that Notch1 siRNA and HIF-1α siRNA reduced the activity of myocardial cells in OGD model, and there was no statistical difference between the two groups. Western blot results showed that Notch1 siRNA and HIF-1α siRNA could reduce the expressions of the autophagy-associated genes Beclin1, LC3I and LC3II, and reduce the ratio of LC3II to LC3I at mRNA level. CONCLUSION Notch1 plays a role in myocardial protection by regulating the expression of HIF-1α to regulate the autophagy in OGD model cells.
Autophagy ; Beclin-1 ; metabolism ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; pathology ; Oxygen ; Receptors, Notch ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

The myocardial viability after myocardial infarction was evaluated by intravenous myocardial contrast echocardiography. Intravenous real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography was performed on 18 patients with myocardial infarction before coronary revascularization. Follow-up echocardiography was performed 3 months after coronary revascularization. Segmental wall motion was assessed using 18-segment LV model and classified as normal, hypokinesis, akinesis and dyskinesis. Viable myocardium was defined by evident improvement of segmental wall motion 3 months after coronary revascularization. Myocardial perfusion was assessed by visual interpretation and divided into 3 conditions: homogeneous opacification; partial or reduced opaciflcation or subendocardial contrast defect; contrast defect. The former two conditions were used as the standard to define the viable myocardium. The results showed that 109 abnormal wall motion segments were detected among 18 patients with myocardial infarction, including 47 segments of hypokinesis, 56 segments of akinesis and 6 segments of dyskinesis. The wall motion of 2 segments with hypokinesis before coronary revascularization which showed homogeneous opacification, 14 of 24 segments with hypokinese and 20 of 24 segments with akinese before coronary revascularization which showed partial or reduced opaciflcation or subendocardial contrast defect was improved 3 months after coronary revascularization. In our study, the sensitivity and specificity of evaluation of myocardial viability after myocardial infarction by intravenous real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography were 94.7% and 78.9%, respectively. It was concluded that intravenous real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography could accurately evaluate myocardial viability after myocardial infarction.
Angioplasty, Transluminal, Percutaneous Coronary ; Cell Survival ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Echocardiography/*methods ; Models, Statistical ; Myocardial Infarction/*pathology ; Myocardial Infarction/*ultrasonography ; Myocardial Revascularization ; Myocardium/*pathology ; Perfusion ; Time Factors

Animals ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy* ; Gene Expression ; Glucosides ; Kidney ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley