Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia,but its pathogenesis is still unclear.With the development of sleep medicine,obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is found to associate with the occurrence of AF and recurrence after catheter ablation.This article reviews the pathophysiology of OSA,and relationship between OSA and the occurrence of AF,and its mechanism.It indicates that clinicians should pay close attention to the existence of OSA during diagnosis and treatment of AF.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value for rheumatoid arthritis(RA) by using combined detection of anti‐cy‐clic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti CCP ) ,anti keratin antibody (AKA ) and the antiperinuclear factor (APF ) in serum . Methods A total of 110 RA patients(RA group) ,50 patients with other autoimmune diseases(non RA group) and 110 healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled in the study .The concentrations of AKA ,APF were detected by using indirect immunofluo‐rescence assay and anti CCP by using ELISA .Results The positive rates of anti‐CCP ,AKA ,APF in RA group were higher than those in non RA group and control group(P<0 .05) .In the series detection of the three indicators ,the sensibility and specificity were 44 .55% and 99 .38% respectively ;in the parallel detection of the three indicators the sensibility and specificity were 93 .64%and 85 .63% respectively .Conclusion Anti CCP detection exhibits relatively higher sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of RA .Series detection of the 3 indicators can improve the specificity ,reduce the rate of misdiagnosis;parallel detection of the 3 indica‐tors can improve the sensitivity ,reduce the rate of misdiagnosis .The Combined detection of anti CCP ,AKA and APF has better di‐agnostic efficiency than single detection .

OBJECTIVE:To compare the pharmacoeconomic effectiveness of three antiviral agents for herpes zoster ME_THODS:101 patients with herpes zoster were divided into three groups who received acyclovir injection,valaciclovir tablet and ribavirin injection,respectively Evaluation was carried out with cost-effectiveness analysis RESULTS:The cost-effectiveness ratios of three groups were $1 288 2,$863 0 and $949 8 CONCLUSION:Valaciclovir was the best antiviral agents for herpes zoster

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic values of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA ) and colloidal gold im‐munochromatographic assay in detecting serum anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide(anti‐CCP) antibody .Methods Colloidal gold immu‐nochromatographic assay and ELISA were used to detect serum anti‐CCP antibody in 110 RA patients and 110 healthy cases . Results The data were analysed with the paired Chi‐Square Test (χ2 = 174 .354 ,P < 0 .01) ,the difference was significant .The K ap pa value was 0 .890(P< 0 .01) ,indicating that the coincidence between the two kinds of methods was good .The sensitivity , speciality of ELISA were 83 .64% and 92 .73% respectively .Conclusion In detecting serum anti‐CCP Antibody ,there was dife‐rence between colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay and ELISA according to statistics analysis .The sensitivity and speciality of ELISA were higher than those of colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay .

BACKGROUND: Foreign and domestic scholars have made some studies on local anatomy and imageology of osseous pterygopalatine fossa, but studies on anatomy of section of osseous pterygopalatine fossa are few.OBJECTIVE: To measure hole-hole distance and aperture of pterygopalatine fossa from adult cranial bone at coronary and horizontal planes, and to observe the morphology of pterygopalatine fossa at corresponding sections.DESIGN: Repeated measurement design.SETTING: Scientific Research Office, Chengdu Medical College.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the Laboratory for Local Anatomy, Department of Human Anatomy,Chengdu Medical College from March to November 2006. Sixty sides of complete dry cranial bone samples from 30 Chinese adult cases, who were of either gender and regardless of age, were involved in this study.METHODS: Bilateral pterygopalatine fossa of 30 dry cranial bone samples (60 sides) were sliced, 15 for slicing at coronary plane, and 15 for slicing at horizontal plane. Morphology of pterygopalatine fossa at the corresponding layers was observed, and related hole-hole distance and aperture were measured. Outcome was performed statistical analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measurement at coronary plane: [1]orbit-rotundum distance (distance from the lowest point of inferior orbotal fissure to the center of rotundum); ② rotundum- pterygoid canal distance Ⅰ (vertical distance from the center of rotundum to the center of pterygoid canal); ③ rotundum- pterygoid canal distance Ⅱ (Distance from the area where rotundum appeared to the area where pterygoid canal appeared). Measurement at horizontal plane: [1]anterior-posterior dimension ( the largest distance between anterior and posterior walls which paralleled to perpendicular plate of palatine bone in each layer); ② lateral dimension (distance from midpoint of perpendicular plate of palatine bone to midpoint of line, which was between outermost sphenoidal process in the anterior wall of pterygopalatine fossa and foremost evagination in the posterior wall of pterygopalatine fossa). Morphology of pterygopalatine fossa in each layer was observed at coronary and horizontal planes, separately.RESULTS: ①At the coronary plane, the 1st to 6th layers of bilateral pterygopalatine fossa presented with inclined inverted trapezoid (70%, 21 sides), and inclined quadrilateral (30%, 9 sides), and the 7th to 10th layers of bilateral pterygopalatine fossa presented with canal-shape (100%). Themean value of right orbit-rotundum distance was (5.0±2.7) mm, andthat of left orbit-rotundum distance was (5.3±2.1) mm; The mean value of right rotundum- pterygoid canal distance Ⅰ was (6.4±3.9) mm, and that of left rotundum- pterygoid canal distance Ⅰ was (6.1±4.3) mm; The mean value of right rotundum- pterygoid canal distance Ⅱ was (7.3±2.6) mm, and that of left rotundum- pterygoid canal distance Ⅱ was (7.5±2.1) mm. ② At horizontal plane: The anterior and posterior walls of the 1st and 2nd layers of bilateral pterygopalatine fossa mainly presented with double curves with palinal convex surfaces (80%, 24 sides); the 3rd and 4th layers mainly presented with opposing convex surfaces (66.7%, 20 sides); The 5th to 6th layers mainly presented with canal shape (60%, 18 sides);And the 7th to 10th layers presented with canal shape (100%). At horizontal plane, for the pterygopalatine fossa in the 1st to 6th layers, its lateral dimension was larger than its anteroposterior dimension, and for the pterygopalatine fossa in the 7th to 10th layers, its lateral dimension was equal to its anteroposterior dimension. There were no significant differences of aperture in each layer of pterygopalatine fossa between bilateral samples (P＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Anatomical studies on the section of osseous pterygopalatine fossa retrieve the limitation in local anatomy,and provide reliable anatomical evidence for imageology of pterygopalatine fossa and related surgical operation.

Objective To investigate the significance of modified gold nanocages ( GNCs ) in photothermal therapy and radiosensitivity enhancement for murine mammary carcinoma 4T1 cells.Methods A molecule probe, CD44-PEG-GNCs, was constructed on the basis of GNCs.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS) and transmission electron microscopy ( TEM) were used to analyze Au uptake by 4T1 cells.The cell counting kit-8( CCK-8) assay was used to determine the impact of the probe on the viability of 4T1 cells.The CCK-8 assay and the Hoechst/PI double staining were used to evaluate the photothermal killing effects of near infrared laser (NIR).The colony forming assay and the Hoechst/PI double staining were used to measure the viability of 4T1 cells after irradiation with 6 MV of X-ray.Results ICP-MS and TEM showed that 4T1 cells had an uptake of a large number of GNCs, in which the number of CD44-PEG-GNCs taken up by 4T1 was 3-4 times larger than that of PEG-GNCs.The cell toxicity assay revealed that in a certain range of concentration, GNCs showed little effect on the viability of 4T1 cells, which was reduced to 81.2%in 48 hours.The CCK-8 assay, the Hoechst/PI double staining, and the colony forming assay showed that after NIR irradiation and radiotherapy, large-scale apoptosis was induced in CD44-PEG-GNCs-contained tumor cells by photothermal therapy combined with radiotherapy, which had substantially better outcomes than other groups.Conclusions The GNC-based molecular probe actively targets 4T1 cells with little cytotoxicity, indicating that it enhances the sensitivity of tumor towards photothermal therapy and radiotherapy.

Aim To investigate the effects of K + channel blockers on arsenic trioxide-induced HeLa cell death. Methods Viability of HeLa cells was assessed by mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity using colorimetric MTT assay and the voltage-dependent K+ currents were recorded by using patch-clamp rest living cells after As2 O3 24 h-incubation showed significant increase of K + currents densities. At + 80mV, the densities of K+ currents (61 ± 18) pA/10 pF (n = 8) in As2O3 24 h-incubation group were significantly more than that in the control group (38 ± 10) pA/10 pF (n = 8, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The HeLa cells were prevented partially from As2 O3-induced cell death by co-application for 24 h with typical voltageeffects on HeLa cells. Conclusion Chronic treatment with As2 O3 increased voltage-dependent K+currents in HeLa cells and the cell death induced by As2O3 was reduced partially by voltage-dependent K +channel blockers, 4-aminopyridine or tetraethylammonium.

Objective To explore the correlation between expression of VEGF in colorectal cancer and pathological factors.Methods The expression of VEGF in 99 cases with colorectal cancer was examined by immunohistochemical staining.Results It showed that the expression of VEGF in colorectal cancer was correlated with depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis and was not correlated with tumor region,and histologic type.The frequency of positive cases in patients with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that in patients without lymph node metastasis(P

Objective To evaluate the anti-cervical carcinoma cells effects of oncolytic adenovirus d/1520 and Ad-Endo in vitro,and investigate the influence of d/1520 on the Endostatin expression directed by Ad-Endo in cervical carcinoma cells.Methods After cervical carcinoma cells were infected with d/1520 or/and Ad-Endo,the cytopathic effects (CPE) were observed,and the cytotoxicities were measured by MTT assay.Endestatin concentrations were measured by ELISA.Results d/1520 can replicate in cervical carcinoma cells and induce cytopathie effects; In MTT assay,Ad-Endo hardly inhibited the growth of cervical carcinoma cells,while d/1520 inhibited efficiently the proliferation of cervical cancer cells.And the inhibitory rates in Ad-Endo + d/1520 group were higher than that in d/1520 group.Ad-Endo expressed Endestatin protein in cervical cancer cells,while Endostatin concentrations in Ad-Endo+dl1520 group were much higer than those in Ad-Endo group.Conclusions dl1520 can kill cervical carcinoma cells in vitro,and this eytotoxieity can be enhanced by combining with Ad-Endo.The expression of Endostatin directed by Ad-Endo in cervical cancer cells can be dramatically increased by dl1520.