AIM: The effect of decreasing infarct area and stimulating angiogenesis of Shexiangbaoxin Pills in rat with coronary occlusion were studied. METHODS: 44 rats with ligation of the left coronary artery were randomly divided into 4 roups:11 rats were treated with small dose Shexiangbaoxin Pills (group 1), 11 rats were treated with high dose Shexiangbaoxin Pills (group 2), 11 rats were treated with Beifuji and heparin (group 3), 11 rats were treated with 0.9% normal saline (group 4). 18 rats were randomly divided into 2 control groups:10 sham operated rats (group 5) and 8 normal rats (group 6). Infarct area and vascular density in the edge of infarct section were measured after treating for 8 weeks. RESULTS: Infarct area in group 1,2 and 3 was obviously less than that in group 4. The difference was not significant between group 1 and group 3 but group 2 was better than group 3. The difference was significant between group 1 and group 2. The vascular density in group 1,2 and 3 were significanly increased in comparison with those in group 4. The difference was not significant between group 2 with 3. CONCLUSION: Shexiangbaoxin Pills could decrease infarct area and stimulate angiogenesis of the experimental myocardial infarction rat. The effect of Shexiangbaoxin Pills was equal to the group treated with Beifuji and heparin. Shexiangbaoxin Pills had a dose response relationship.

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily. It is highly related to the formation of metabolic syndrome and the glucose homeostasis, and therefore represents an important drug target against metabolic diseases and diabetes. In recent years, great progress has been made in the agonists, antagonists, and crystal structures of FXR. The diverse FXR ligands and their structure-activity relationship are reviewed in this article. The advances in the crystal structures of FXR in complex with different ligands are also introduced.

With ever-increasing knowledge of biomechanics and anatomy of pelvis,more and more findings have been made on the integrated sacroiliac joint system.The sacroiliac complex plays a very important role i n the functions of pelvis due to its specia l biomechanical features.The sacro iliac screw internal fixation is bio mechanically superior to other fixation methods.[

Objective To study the blood supply of the flap accompanying vessels of the cutaneous nerves in the lower leg, and to design the reversed flap for clinical reference. Methods Anatomic observation was performed on 30 adults’ lower extremity specimens perfused via pressure with red latex through femoral arteries. Results Superficial peroneal nerves, sural nerves and saphenous nerves were all nourished by their accompanying arteries which, anastomosed with the cutaneous perforating branches of other arteries, also nourish the corresponding skin areas. Conclusion The blood supply of the reversed island flap accompanying vessels of the cutaneous nerves in the lower leg is reliable and so it is possible to design long flaps along the cutaneous nervous axis.

Background and purpose:In in vivo and vitro studies, Rhodiola shows anti-cancer effect, but there were few reports about the effects of Rhodiola on growth of breast cancer and its possible mechanism. Methods:Xenograft of Human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-435 in female BALB/c nude mice were treated with and without Rhodiola extracts. The tumor volume and proliferation index (PCNA and Ki67) of the xenograft were studied.Results:After Rhodiola was given to nude mice for 4 weeks, the mean tumor volume was smaller (99.95mm 3 vs. 174.60mm 3 ) compared to untreated group,but there was no statistical significance(P=0.535). The proportion and intensity of cellular Ki-67 staining in Xenografts were decreased as compared to the untreated group, (average H-score 152.8 vs. 86, P=0.014), the same trend could be found for cellular PCNA staining, but there was no statistical significance(242 vs.210,P=0.221).Conclusions:The mechanism of anti-cancer effect of Rhodiola may be partly through inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells in vivo.

AIM: To study the expression of endostatin in ischemic myocardium of myocardial infarction(MI) rats in various periods and the correlation with VEGF expression and microvascular density(MVD).METHODS: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats after myocardial infarction were randomly divided into 7,14,21 and 28 days group.The sham group was normal control group(eight rats in each group).The expression of endostatin,VEGF and MVD in ischemic myocardium were observed by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: The expression of endostatin significantly increased in the ischemic myocardium after MI,peaked at 7 days,then gradually decreased at 14,21 and 28 days.The endostatin level at 28 days was the same as the shams.The changing trends of expression of endostatin in ischemic myocardium after MI were similar to that of VEGF and were significantly correlated with the MVD.CONCLUSION: The expression of endostatin increased in ischemic myocardium of myocardial infarction rats.The changing trends of endostatin were similar to that of VEGF and positively correlated with the MVD.These data suggest that endostatin may modulate ischemic myocardium angiogenesis after myocardial infarction.

AIM:To study the role of Rhodiolae rosae in post myocardial infarction angiogenesis and its effect on extracellular regulated kinases(ERK 1/2). METHODS: The experimental myocardial infarction was made by ligation of rat left anterior descending coronary artery,and then divided into Rhodiolae group and saline group.The sham operation group and normal group were also made as control one.On the first,the 4th,the 7th and the(14th) day after the operation,rats were sacrificed and infarcted border tissue or normal tissue were used to test VEGF receptor Ⅱ and CD34 expression level and ERK 1/2 activity level. RESULTS: ERK 1/2 activity level from the first to the 4th day,VEGF receptor Ⅱ and CD34 expression level from the 4th to the 14th day after the operation,were all higher in the Rhodiolae group than that in the saline group. CONCLUSION: Rhodiolae rosae can elevate ERK 1/2 activity which was related to and prior to its angiogenic effect.

Objective:The stimulate angiogenes effect and mechanism of Shexiangbaoxin Pills on coronary collateral development in the hearts of experimental myocardial infarction rats were studied. Methods:24 myocardial infarction rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, 8 rats in group A were treated with Shexiangbaoxin Pills, 8 rats in group B were treated with Beifuji and heparin, and 8 rats in group C were treated with 0.9% normal saline as control. Infarct area, the contents of VEGF、bFGF and VⅢ factor, and vascular density in the edge of infarct section were measured after 6 weeks treating.Results: Infarct area in group A was obviously less than that in group C, the contents of VEGF、bFGF and VⅢ factor in the edge of infarct section and vascular density in group were significantly increased compared with those in group C. Conclusions: Shexiangbaoxin Pills could stimulate angiogenesis of the collateral branch of coronary artery in ischemic myocardium of rats and showed good protective on myocardial ischemia.

Objective To report the clinical results of surgical treatment of fracture of the anteromedial facet of the coronoid process in terrible triad injury.Methods Of the 59 patients with terrible triad injury of the elbow,17 were surgically treated for fracture of the anteromedial facet of the coronoid process from July 2010 to July 2014.They were 12 men and 5 women,from 29 to 70 years of age (average,50 years).By the Mason classification for the radial head fractures,2 cases were type Ⅰ,13 type Ⅱ and 2 type Ⅲ;by the O'Driscoll classification for coronoid process fractures,one was type Ⅰ,14 were type Ⅱ and 2 type Ⅲ.All patients were treated through combined approaches.The lateral Kocher approach was used to fixate or replace the radial head and to repair the lateral ligament complex;the anteromedial approach was used to fixate the coronoid process fracture and to explore and repair the medial collateral ligament if necessary.Fracture union,implant loosening,ectopic ossification,regression and articular alignment were assessed on the postoperative X-rays.At final follow-ups,the elbow function was evaluated using Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) and Broberg & Morrey grading system for traumatic arthritis.Results The average follow-up duration for the 17 patients was 32 months (range,from 24 to 60 months).Final follow-ups showed that the mean arc of flexion-extension was 97° (from 70° to 120°),the mean extension limitation 23° (from 0 to 40°),the mean arc of forearm rotation 139° (from 90° to 145°),the mean pronation 71° (from 60° to 90°)and the mean supination 67° (from 60° to 85°).The MEPT scores averaged 87 points (from 80 to 100 points),yielding 7 excellent,8 good and 2 fair cases.By the Broberg & Morrey grading,there were 4 cases of grade 1 and one of grade 2.No evidence of elbow instability,nonunion or implant failure was found.Ectopic ossification around the elbow happened in 4 cases,transient ulnar nerve palsy was found in one,and the Kirschner wire was removed operatively in 2 because it had loosened after fracture union.Conclusion The treatment of anteromedial coronoid fractures in terrible triad injury should be anatomically reduced through direct exposure and fixated rigidly.

AIM: We observed the expression of KDR/Flk1 in post-myocardiac ischemia(MI) SD rats in order to explain the effect of captopril and its relationship with myocardium angiogenesis after long-term administration.METHODS: The MI model was made by LAD ligation.Captopril was administered for 6 weeks.Immuohistological method and FQ-PCR were used to test the myocardium KDR/Flk-1 expression.RESULTS: In captopril group,no inhibitory effect was observed in myocardium factor VIII expression,but KDR/Flk-1 decreased.The copies of KDR/Flk-1 mRNA reduced dramatically when compared to control group,false-operation and normal group(P0.05).CONCLUSION: ACEI down-regulates KDR/Flk-1 and its mRNA expression in ischemic rat myocardium after long-term administration of captopril,but does not inhibit angiogenesis.So we suspect that some other pathways exist,which can not affect by ACEI,or that ACEI just reduces abnormal angiogenesis.