OBJECTIVE To study the pathogen distribution and drug-resistance status of Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia and draft preventive and control measures.METHODS The sputum and lower respiratory tract secretion of 268 patients with Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia were cultured to detect pathogens.Susceptibility test was performed.Then the results were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS Detection rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa rated the top one,reaching 29.9%;then was Klebsiella pneumoniae,accounted for 19.4%;Acinetobacter baumannii ranked the third,accounted for 15.3%.The drug-resistance supervision manifested that the resistant rate of Gram-negative bacteria to ampicillin was the highest,reached 81.6-94.7%;that to imipenem was the lowest,reached 0-2.5%.And extensive-spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs) occurred with 30.0%.CONCLUSIONS The higher drug-resistance to common antibiotics occurs in Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia in our hospital.Clinical microbiology department should monitor pathogens well to provide the evidence for infection controlling.

OBJECTIVE To formulate the effective measurement to prevent and control nosocomial infection in blood transfusion department.METHODS The hidden danger of nosocomial infection in our hospital was investigated to formulate the practicable strategy of precaution and control.RESULTS Management status in blood transfusion department occurred several administration shortages such as unreasonable overall arrangement,flaw regulatory regime,weak precaution consciousness,nonstandardized contamination zonation,deficient management of medical garbage disposal,etc.CONCLUSIONS Executing strictly laws and regulations,establishing relevant rules and carrying on standardized administration are essential for prevention and control of nosocomial infections in blood transfusion department and for assurance of biosafety.

OBJECTIVE To investigate distribution status and drug-resistance of pathogens from infected urinary tract and offer scientific evidence for reasonably clinical usage of antibiotics.METHODS A total of 336 strains of pathogenic bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection from 2003 to 2007 were identified,and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by K-B methods.RESULTS The total isolating rate of Gram-negative bacilli was 78.3%.And that of Gram-positive cocci was 16.4%.Escherichia coli accounted for 64.9%,ranking the first.Except for 100% sensitive to vancomycin in Gram-positive cocci and 100% sensitive to imipenem in Gram-negative bacilli,all pathogens were resistant to the other antibiotics in different degrees.The detection rate of extensive-spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs) producers in E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 25.7% and 28.0%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS The drug-resistance of pathogenic bacteria from infected urinary tract emergs in Yinshan County.We should adopt effective measurement to prevent and control it.

Objective To investigate the impact of intraoperative intra-abdominal pressure increasing on digestive system.Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 132 cases of colorectal cancer patients from January 2013 to June 2016 was made. Patients were divided into groups A, B and C according to the intra-abdominal pressure, 46 cases in each group. Group A: 46 patients, 10 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa), group B: 45 patients, 12 mmHg, group C: 41 patients, 15mmHg. Comparison of postoperative recovery time, complications, serum cytokine levels was made among the three groups.ResultsThe number of postoperative 6h nasogastric tube pulled out, bowel recovery time, ifrst lfatus or a bowel movement, tolerance semi-liquid diet, postoperative duration of diarrhea, postoperative hospitalization time among the three groups show no statistically difference (P > 0.05). The difference of acute gastric injury (AGI), chyle leakage, anastomotic fistula, surgical bleeding, intestinal paralysis, vomiting incidence of postoperative among the three groups has no statistically differences (P > 0.05). While postoperative IL-6 level and MAP were signiifcantly increased compare with preoperative level, the difference was statistically signiifcant (P < 0.05). Postoperative TNF-α show no statistical differences compare with preoperative (P > 0.05). Postoperative serum IL-6 levels in 25 patients with intestinal paralysis was (10.71 ± 4.37) ng/L, 107 cases had high serum IL-6 levels in patients did not occur intestinal paralysis was (10.66 ± 4.13) ng/L, the difference was not statistically significance (P > 0.05).Conclusion Intra-abdominal pressure increasing during minimally invasive surgical procedure has no signiifcant effect on the digestive system in colorectal cancer patients.

Objective To explore the method of increasing the mastering rate of health knowledge of patients and effective rate of health education by nurses on the premise of shortened average length of hos-pital stay.Methods 316 patients were divided into group i (96 cases),group ii (117 cases) and group iii (103 cases).Patients in group i had no pre hospital education.Patients in group ii accepted quasicollective education on hospitalization notices.Patients in group iii accepted quasi-collective education on hospitalization notices and some general peri-operative knowledge.The mastering rate of knowledge and time cost for health education were compared between three groups.Results Compared to group i,group ii and group iii got higher mastering rate in 8 items of hospitalization notices.No difference was seen in acknowledge of general peri-operative knowledge.The education of hospitalization notices and total time was shortened.The difference between group ii and group iii was not positive.Conclusions Taking quasi-collective education on hospitalization notices improves patients' mastering level of hospitalization notices and nurses' education efficiency.

To study the level of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in serum and the expression of MIF mRNA in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue,and to investigate its impact on insulin resistance and islet β-cell dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).120 pregnancy women from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College and Taian Central Hospital were enrolled,including 60 GDM women and 60 women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).The serum MIF in GDM group was higher than that of NGT group [(3.58±1.02 vs 1.23±0.62) ng/ml,P<0.01].Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that body mass index was an independent affective factor of the serum levels of MIF (r2 =0.516).The serum levels of MIF and the expressions of MIF mRNA in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue were significantly higher in GDM group than NGT group.MIF may contribute to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction in GDM.Body mass index seems to be an independent factor in affecting the serum levels of MIF.

Objective To evaluate the effect of early aerosol inhalation on sore throat of the patients after double lumen endobronchial intubation. Methods 90 patients scheduled for thoracic surgery were randomly assigned to 3 groups,30 cases in each group: control group (Group C), early aerosol inhalation group (group one) and later aerosol inhalation group (group two). All patients were sent to PACU after extubation.The patients in group C were intraveously injected with 6 mL saline , those in group one were treated with aerosol inhalation of 1mg budesonide, while the patients in group two with budesonide at the same dosage 2 h later. Patients were examined with indirect laryngoscopy 6 h after surgery. The cases of vocal cord congestion and glottis edema were recorded. The degree of pharyngolaryneal pain was assessed with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) when they were sent to PACU , 6 , 24 and 48 hours after surgery . Results The rates of vocal cord congestion and glottis edema in group one were lower than those in group C and group 2, 6 h after surgery (P < 0.05). The pharyngolaryneal VAS in group one was significantly lower than that in group C and group 2 , 6 and 24 h after operation (P < 0.05), but there was no statistical difference between them 48 h after surgery between 3 groups. Conclusions Aerosol inhalation of budesonide after double lumen endobronchial intubation for the patients scheduled for thoracic surgery during early postoperative stage can reduce the incidences of vocal cord congestion and glottis edema, inhibit airway inflammation, significantly reduce the extent of the POST. The effect is better than that of the lateraerosol inhalation of budesonide.

Objective To study the characteristics and regularities of somatotype growth of Yugu adolescents.Methods The somato-type growth of 989 Yugu adolescents(male:512,female:477)in Sunan was evaluated by the Heath-Carter method.Results The average somatotype of YuGu adolescents in males was mesomorphic ectomorph(3.0-3.6-3.7),and in females,the average somatotype was ectomorphic endomorph(3.8-2.9-3.6).The somatotypes develop from central,endomorphic ectomorph to mesomorphic ectomorph in the male,however,in the female from central,ectomorphic endomorph,endomorphic ectomorph,to mesomorphic endomorph.Conclusion The somatotypes of Yugu adolescents are very different between males and females.In the male group,the somatotypes of the 7-12 year-old group of Yugu adolescents are similar to the Mongolia,Han ethnic,Zhuang ethnic and Hungary.The somatotypes of 13-17 year-old group are similar to Tibetan,Zhuang ethnic,Han ethnic and Daur.However for the female group,the somatotypes of the 7-9 year-old group are similar to Hungary,and the 10-17 year-old group are similar to Tibetan,Zhuang ethnic,Han ethnic and Finn.

Objective To evaluate clinical use of tigecycline in hospital patients. Methods Basic diseases, pathologic examinations, concurrent medication, therapeutic efficacy and side effects of 40 patients in Lishui Central Hospital of Zhejiang Province from January 2012 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The effective rate of patients using tigecycline for anti-infection treatment in hospital was 42. 5%. The rates of rational use, basically rational use and irrational use were 17. 5%, 77. 5% and 5. 0%, respectively. Adverse drug reactions occurred in 6 cases of tigecycline use (15. 0%). Conclusion Clinical use of tigecycline in inpatients was basically reasonable in this hospital. The clinical curative effect of tigecycline was good in a variety of infections caused by sensitive bacteria. However, the incidence of adverse drug reactions was high. Attentions should be paid in clinical application.

BACKGROUND:Conditioned medium from mesenchymal stem cels (MSC-CM) may represent a promising alternative to MSCs transplantation. Previous studies have shown that inflammatory activation can strengthen the multiple biological potencies of MSCs; however, normal MSCs with insufficiency of immunocompetence and migration ability are not effective for tissue damage repair. OBJECTIVE:To investigate differential effects of MSC-CM with and without inflammatory activation on radiation-induced intestinal injury.METHODS:MSCs from the bone marrow of SD rats were separated, cultured and identified, and then co-cultured with non-irradiated IEC-6 or irradiated IEC-6 in a transwel system for 24 hours. Then, MSCs with inflammatory activation were cultured alone for another 48 hours. After that, the supernatant was colected as non-activated MSC-CM (MSC-CMNOR) and MSC-CM under radiation-induced inflammatory condition (MSC-CMIR). Rats were exposed to 14 Gy whole abdominal irradiation and randomly divided into four groups: control group, radiation injury group (DMEM/F12), MSC-CMNOR group and MSC-CMIR group. Continuous administration was givenvia tail vein and intraperitoneal implantation of Alzet microosmotic pumps. Intestinal samples were colected at 1, 3, 7 days after radiation for analysis of short circuit variation, at 3 days after radiation for analysis of intestinal epithelium ultrastructure, and at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days after radiation for histological observation of the intestinal epithelium using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Blood samples were colected at 1, 3, 7 days after radiation for analysis of serum xylose levels. In addition, the survival state and survival time of rats were observed and recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The short circuit variation responding to electrical field stimulation was significantly reduced at al frequencies, but it was significantly improved in the MSC-CMIR group. Similarly, the intestinal absorption (serum xylose levels) was also significantly impaired by irradiation, but improved by delivery of MSC-CMIR (P < 0.05). At 3 days after MSC-CMIR infusion, the intestinal epithelium exhibited an increase in crypt size and vilous length (P < 0.05). Under the electron microscope, a reduction in intestinal microvili and open tight junctions in irradiated intestinal epithelium was found, and the intestine from rats treated with MSC-CMIR had more obvious tight junctions. In addition, treatment with MSC-CMIR dramaticaly improved the survival rate and mean survival time of irradiated rats as compared to those treated with DMEM/F12 or MSC-CMNOR (P < 0.05). Taken together, the present study demonstrated that MSC-CMIR , but not non-activated MSC-CM, improves the structural and functional restoration of the smal intestine after radiation-induced intestinal injury.