Popularization of the computer and multimedia in the teaching management,calls for the new demand of the teaching information storage.When we widely use the new technology,we should pay attention to the storage of the electronic information,which should be stored as papers in case of the loss caused by the technology or equipment problems

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the quality of antidiabetics in Beijing so as to provide the reference for pharmaceutical manufacturers,patients and governmental departments of drug control.METHODS:236package samples of4kinds of common oral antidiabetics(glibenclamide,gliquidone,metformin,and phenformin)in Beijing medicine market were randomly selected and analyzed.RESULTS:4samples were found to be unqualified,with the disqualification rate of1.7%.CONCLUSION:The quality of4kinds of common oral antidiabetics in Beijing medicine market in2004is satisfactory on the whole.

To improve the preparation speed and quality of moxa cone, a mould for preparation of moxa cone was designed and applied in moxibustion. It consists three parts: a foundation (a flat-bottomed circular cylinder hollow in center), a moxa cone forming tube (a hollow column encircled by two semi-cylinders with symmetrical shape and size, and was inserted in the internal cavity of the foundation); and a compression rod (a solid cylinder used for compressing moxa placed in moxa cone forming tube). The mould is practical, simple, and convenient and can effectively speed up the preparation of moxa cone, and it is safe in application. Moreover, the obtained moxa cones are regular in shape, uniform in dosage and size, dense in texture, and convenient to pack, store and carry.

BACKGROUND: Primate is the best animal to establish a model of spinal implants. However, ethics and cost limit its application. Mixed-breed dogs have similar anatomic structures as human. Moreover, it is easy to obtain with low cost, so it may replace primate to serve as models.OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of canine lumbar spine to establish the anterior interfixation model following measurements of related anatomic data.METHODS: A total of 9 adult healthy dogs were selected. The transversal diameter, sagittal diameter and height of vertebral body and disc were measured, and the artificial vertebral body replacement was performed. Bone graft fusion was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The transversal diameter, sagittal diameter and height of vertebral body and disc increasedgradually from L_(1) to L_(7), and the height was greatly exceeded its sagittal diameter. All dogs survived, but one was paraplegia. Allthe others stood and acted in 12 h to 72 h after operation. The fusion effect was proved to be good by imageology and histology. The establishment of models was simple and cost-effective, and the biocompatibility of bone tissues and implants, as well as thebone tissue ingrowth can be observed. The lumbar spine of dog can be used as an anterior interfixation model in vitro test.

BACKGROUND: Many methods involved in measuring energy expenditure of physical action, however, study regarding measurements of upper limber movement energy expenditure are few.OBJECTIVIE: To measure the energy expenditure of limber movement using indirect calorimetry, and to analyze the characteristics of upper limber movement energy expenditure and influencing factors such as age and gender.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The comparison observation was performed at the Jiangsu Institute of Sports Science from January to March 2009.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 108 health adults, including 47 males and 61 females, participated in the study, 65 of them aged 20-39 years, and the remained 43 aged 40-59 years.METHODS: Energy expenditure of 4 upper limb movements were performed, including sitting posture arm swing (60 times/min),elbow flexion (40 times/min), shoulder flexion-extension (60 times/min), and lateral arm raise (30 times/min). At each interval,have a 3-minute rest.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Oxygen expenditure of 4 kinds upper limb movements were measured by MetaMax 3B tester. RESULTS: Rest oxygen expenditure of males were greater than that of females (P < 0.05), greater in 20-39 years old than 40-59 years old (P < 0.05). The greatest oxygen consumption occurred in males with arm swing [(550.9±90.6) mL/min], which was (425.8±75.7) mL/min in females. The lowest oxygen expenditure was elbow bend [male: (440.4±82.7) mL/min, female: (367.0±60.1) mL/min]. Net oxygen expenditure of all 4 kinds of upper limb movements was lower than 250mL/min (1 metabolic equivalent).CONCLUSION: ① The energy expenditure of usual upper limber movements below 1 metabolic equivalent. ② Age and body mass has more effect on resting energy expenditure than the gender. ③ The efficiency of young adults upper limb movements is higher than old adults.

BACKGROUND: The regeneration and repair of skeletal muscle after injury relies on the new nucleus formed through muscle satellite cell proliferation. However, there are few reports on the relationship between the skeletal muscle cell proliferation and the vimentin expression.OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the skeletal muscle cell proliferation and the vimentin expression, as well as the mechanism underlying the repair of exercise-induced skeletal muscle micro-injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized controlled animal experiment was done at the Sports Human Science Experimental Center in Hunan Normal University between December 2007 and September 2008. MATERIALS: A total of 50 male SD rats, aged 8 weeks, were randomly divided into a control group and a training group which were subdivided in to four groups at the time points of immediate post-exercise, hour 3, hour 24 and hour 48 post-exercise, with 10 ones in each of the five groups.METHODS: Rats in the training group underwent 3 days of repetitive exhausting eccentric exercise on a treadmill of-16° slope at the speed of 16 m/min. Rats in the control group underwent no running. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rats in the training group was taken for measurement immediate, 3 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours post-exercise respectively. Immunohistochemistry was adopted to determine the proliferating coil nuclear antigen (PCNA) A expression and the vimentin expression in medial head of triceps brachii muscle cells in each group at different phases of repair.RESULTS: The skeletal muscle cell showed sequentially-changed proliferation. The proliferation index of the training group was significantly higher than that of the control group immediately post-exercise. At hour 24 post-exercise, it reached the peak. Hour 48 post-exercise saw the decreased proliferation. The expression of vimentin also exhibits a sequential change after exercise. Moreover, its immunoreaction score changed with time in the same direction with the proliferation index, but there is no correlation between the two.CONCLUSION: Three days of repeated exhausting eccentric exercise can induce the sequential changes of skeletal muscle cell proliferation and vimentin expressions. Vimentin expression has some kinds of correlations with skeletal muscle cell proliferation, but it is not the only factor that matters.

Objective To study the value of oxygen treatment on elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods From April 2010 to March 2012,a total of 140 cases of elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke for oxygen therapy combined with drug and rehabilitation were divided into two groups,outside high-flow oxygen group of 71 cases,hyperbaric oxygen group of 69 cases.The neurological functional defects scale was used to evaluate the effect.Two groups of patients were given conventional drug therapy including improving the microcirculation,vegetative neural drugs,and rehabilitation treatment.Results The total effectiveness respectively was 98.6％ (70/71),91.3％ (63/69),and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the nerve function damage grades of two groups respectively was (10.4 ± 1.7),(15.6 ± 1.8) scores,and there was significant difference compared with that before treatment [(28.2 ± 2.5),(28.7 ± 2.6) scores] (P ＜ 0.05).There was significant difference in treatment adherence between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion For patients of elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke,oxygen therapy is necessary,while outside high-flow oxygen therapy is better than hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Objective To discuss the clinical significance of the changes of endothelin-1 and troponin-1 levels in kawasaki disease after acute stage. Methods 60 patients of kawasaki disease in which 12 cases of patient were complicated with coronary artery disease and 48 cases of patient who were not complicated with coronary artery disease were enrolled this study. Blood plasma endothelin-1 and serum cardiac troponin I were determined in kawasaki disease acute phase and recovery phase and 30 healthy children. Results Acute phase ET-1 and cTnI [(90.19±3.43)ng/L, (1.35±0.14)μg/L] and recovery phase ET-1 and cTnI [(89.09±2.44)ng/L, (1.12±0.11)μg/L ] in coronary artery lesions of (CAL) group had no significant difference（P＞0.05）. The concentration values of ET-1, cTnI in no coronary artery lesions (NCAL) group of acute phase (64.49±4.78)ng/L,(0.62±0.02)μg/L were different with convalescent phase (50.47±4.49)ng/L,(0.07±0.05)μg/L. There were significant difference between the the two phases (P＜0.01). Plasma endothelin-1 and serum troponin I concentrations were positively correlated in acute phase of Kawasaki disease in children (r＝0.93,0.96,P＜0.01). Conclusions Plasma endothelin-1 and serum cardiac troponin I test for the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease with coronary artery disease may be early indicators of risk monitoring, they are valuable indexes in diagnosis and treatment of Kawasaki disease.

Objective To study the changes of neuron-specific-enolase (NSE), S100B protein and neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of children with viral encephalitis and their clinical significance. Methods The NSE, S100B protein and NPY levels in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of 50 children with viral encephalitiswere were measured, and another 20 children without central nervous system infection were selected as controls. Results The NSE, S100B protein and NPY levels in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of children with viral encephalitis[serum: (18.90 ± 5. 50)μg/L, (0. 57 ±0. 26) μg/L, (267. 3 ± 54. 7 ) μg/L; GSF: ( 10. 45 ± 4. 40) μg/L, (0. 93 ± 0. 53 ) μg/L, (347.2 ± 60. 6) μg/L] were higher than those in control group [serum: ( 10. 35 ± 2. 49 ) μg/L, ( 10 ± 0. 06 ) μg/L, ( 67. 8 ±22.5)μg/L;GSF:(3.96 ± 1.57)μg/L,(0. 29 ±0. 18)μg/L,(102.6 ±38.9) μg/L] ( P <0.01). The levels of serum and CSF NSE S100B protein and NPY in critical patient[serum: (21.93 ±5.39)μg/L,(0.71 ±0. 31)μg/L, (32. 5 ± 62. 8) μg/L;GSF: (13.05 ±4.41)μg/L, (1.23 ± 0. 66) μg/L, (407.3 ±68. 1 ) μg/L] were higher than ordinary patients [serum: ( 15.93 ± 4. 02 ) μg/L, ( 0. 42 ± 0. 14 ) μg/L,(234.7 ±51.2)μ.g/L;GSF:(8.05 ± 1.77) μg/L,(0. 63 ±0.26)μg/L, (320.2 ±59.5) μg/L] ( P <0. 01 ). Conclusion NSE, S100B protein and NPY can be used to evaluate encephalitis condition, brain damage degree and prognosis of viral encephalitis.

Objective:To analyze the delay in the publication of medical postgraduates' research papers and provide them with a guidance for the management of academic articles.Methods:A total of 293 articles were chosen from the Journal of Medical Postgraduates published from 2005 to 2006,of which,229 were original articles and 45 were reviews,including 184 funded and 109 non-funded research papers,and their delay in publication in different periods was statistically analyzed by SPSS13.0 software.Results:The total delay in the publication of the articles was(234.7 ? 116.9) d,including(57.0?36.8) d in manuscript examination,(109.4 ? 96.4) d in editing and(61.8 ? 52.4) d in suspension.The original articles were less delayed than the reviews,(224.2 ? 7.4) d vs(272.8 ? 19.3) d,P