Objective To provide the experimental data for standard establishment and ergonomics research on manned spaceflight displays basing on relation of six effect factors to function of human-machine system as displaying with LCD,and the best factor-level-composition is chosen.Methods An experimental system was developed.The orhoganal experiment means was adopted.Twenty subjects were asked to finish three tasks: to view parameters of the whole screen interface,to seek local parameters,to identify the fault events quickly.Three indices: reaction time,error times and times of unable to recognize were analyzed.Results The indices were much different for different factors at different levels.According to the indices of mean reaction time,extreme difference of view-angle was the lowest and view-distance the highest.Conclusion The order of the display effects of different factors on human-machine system is successively: viewdistance,illuminant level,character height,color of character/background and viewangle.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of enteral nutrition by nasojejunal tube insertion and by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in elderly patients.Methods A total of 65 elderly patients with dysphagia recruited at our department from January 2010 to November 2014 were divided into the nasojejunal tube feeding group (35 cases) and the PEG feeding group (30 cases).Differences between these two groups in nutritional indexes,immunological indexes,complications and mortality were analyzed retrospectively.Results Serum total protein,albumin and prealbumin and upper arm circumferences all increased after treatment with nasojejunal tube feeding or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (P＞0.05).There was overall improvement in nutritional status,as assessed by Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002).Specifically,the before/one month-after-treatment ratio of scores was 3.72±0.91/1.90±0.61 (t=7.24,P＜0.01) for the nasojejunal tube feeding group and 3.52±1.23/2.02±0.53 (t=4.17,P＜0.01) for the PEG feeding group.Compared with NRS2002 scores at one month post-operation,further improvement was achieved at 3 months postoperation both for the nasojejunal tube feeding group (1.89±0.65,t=5.21,P＜0.01) and for the PEG feeding group (1.91±0.62,t=4.40,P＜0.01).There was no difference in the indexes of nutrition,immune status or mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05).Although improvement in CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+,IgA,IgG,and IgM was seen in both groups after operation,the differences did not reach statistical significance (P＞0.05).The incidence of aspiration pneumonia was notably lower (P＜0.05) while the incidence of diarrhea was much higher (P＜0.05) in the nasojejunal tube feeding group than in the PEG feeding group at one month and three months.The two groups had similar causes of death and mortality rates.Conclusion Both nasojejunal tube and PEG feeding can improve the nutritional status of elderly patients with dysphagia.However,the choice for the route of nutrition should be individualized.

Aim Our previous study has found that ur-solic acid( UA) increased intracellular reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) production and adenosine monophos-phate-activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) phosphoryla-tion, inhibited signal transducer and activator of tran-scription 3 ( STAT3 ) phosphorylation and cyclooxygen-ase-2 ( COX-2 ) expression in gastric cancer cells . However , the molecular mechanism by which UA in-hibits COX-2 expression in gastric cancer cells has not been fully clarified .In this study we aimed to further clarify the signal transduction pathways involved in the UA-mediated inhibition of COX-2 expression in gastric cancer cells .Methods Human gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901 and MKN-45 were routinely cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-in-activated fetal calf serum .Sub-confluent cell cultures were pre-treated with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine ( NAC) , AMPK activator 5-amino-4-imida-zolecarbox-amide-riboside ( AICAR ) , AMPK inhibitor compound C, or STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 and then treated with or without UA for 24 h.The expression of AMPK and phosphorylated AMPK ( p-AMPK ) , STAT3 and phos-phorylated STAT3 ( p-STAT3 ) , as well as COX-2 was detected by Western blot analysis .Results Antioxi-dant NAC and AMPK inhibitor compound C blocked UA-induced inhibition of STAT 3 phosphorylation and down-regulation of COX-2 expression in gastric cancer cells.Both AMPK activator AICAR and UA inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and COX-2 expression; the combination of two drugs resulted in further reduction . STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 did not affect UA-induced AMPK phosphorylation , whereas it inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and COX-2 expression .The inhibitory effects on the STAT3 phosphorylation and COX-2 ex-pression were significantly enhanced when SGC-7901 and MKN-45 cells were treated simultaneously with WP1066 plus UA.Conclusion UA inhibits COX-2 expression in gastric cancer cells , which may be medi-ated through ROS/AMPK/STAT3 signal transduction pathway .

Objective:Based on the occupational cohort of Beijing Medical Examination Center, to explored the relevant factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to provide scientific basis for screening and early diagnosis of NAFLD in high-risk population.Methods:Based on the cohort of occupational population who underwent physical examination in Beijing physical examination center from January to December 2009, the physical examination indexes were collected, and a retrospective survival cohort with a follow-up period of 3 years was established.According to the idea of nested case-control study, each case was randomly matched with the same gender, age and physical examination time in the same month by using the method of random sampling without putting back.Conditional logistic regression model was established by using the matched data.The diagnostic value of related indicators for NAFLD was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Results:A total of 1 194 subjects were included, including 684 males (57.3%, 684/1 194) and 510 females (42.7%, 510/1 194). The age was (50.8±11.6) years.The age ranged from 24.0 to 88.0 years.There were 597 patients with NAFLD, including 342 males and 255 females.Logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin, platelet count, uric acid and urea nitrogen were statistically significant in male model (all P<0.05). Body mass index( OR=1.242, 95% CI 1.143-1.349, P<0.001), hemoglobin( OR=1.034, 95% CI 1.015-1.053, P<0.001), platelet( OR=1.005, 95% CI 1.002-1.009, P=0.005), uric acid( OR=1.004, 95% CI 1.001-1.006, P=0.004), high density lipoprotein cholesterol( OR=0.377, 95% CI 0.184-0.775, P=0.008) and urea nitrogen( OR=0.807, 95% CI 0.693-0.938, P=0.005) were protective factors for NAFLD in male patients..Body mass index( OR=1.552, 95% CI 1.366-1.762, P<0.001), triglyceride ( OR=2.606, 95% CI 1.616-4.204, P<0.001), blood glucose( OR=2.199, 95% CI 1.332-3.631, P=0.002), uric acid( OR=1.005, 95% CI 1.001-1.010, P=0.024) in female model were statistically significant ( P<0.05), and were risk factors for NAFLD in female patients. Conclusion:The incidence rate of NAFLD was different among different gender and age, body mass index, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin, platelet count, uric acid, urea nitrogen, triglyceride and blood glucose were closely related to the incidence of NAFLD.

Background: Previous study has found that ursolic acid (UA) inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by the down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression.However,its molecular mechanism is not fully clear.Aims: To investigate the role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/COX-2 signaling pathway in UA-mediated inhibition of gastric cancer cells proliferation.Methods: AMPK-pLVX,AMPK-shRNA,STAT3-pLVX,STAT3-shRNA plasmids were constructed,and then were transfected into human gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901 and MKN-45,respectively.Gastric cancer cells were cultured with different concentrations of UA for different times.The expressions of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK),phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) and COX-2 were measured by Western blotting,and cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay.Results: UA dose-and time-dependently increased p-AMPK expression,inhibited p-STAT3 and COX-2 expressions in SGC-7901 and MKN-45 cells.Knockdown of AMPK blocked UA-induced inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation and COX-2 expression.Overexpression of STAT3 blocked UA-induced down-regulation of COX-2 expression.Knockdown of AMPK and overexpression of STAT3 blocked UA-induced inhibition of proliferation of gastric cancer cells.Conclusions: UA may inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells via down-regulation of COX-2 expression through AMPK/STAT3 pathway.

Objective:To analyze the effect of home quarantine on blood glucose and lipids in healthy adults during the COVID-19 epidemic times.Method:From April 7, 2020 to May 1, 2020, 512 adults wereexamined in Beijing physical examination center, of which 87 adults aged olderthan 18, received community closed management or home quarantine from January 23, 2020 to March 30, 2020, and theadultshad physical examination in Beijing physical examination center in the same month of 2018 and 2019 were selected as controls. The change trend of blood glucose and blood lipid acrossthe three years was analyzed by one-way repeated measurement of variance, and the difference of blood lipid and blood glucose between two years of physical examination was further analyzed by Bonferroni method. Datawereanalyzed by gender.Result:Among the 87 subjects, 36 (41.4%) were male and 51(58.6%) were female. The average age was (46.3±13.2) years and ranged from 24 to 74. The difference of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) among 2018, 2019 and 2020 was statistically significant (all P<0.05), while differences in LDL-C, TC and FBG were statistically significant for males (all P<0.05) and HDL-C, LDL-C, TC and FBG were statistically significant for females (all P<0.05). HDL-C in 2018and 2020were significantly lower than that in 2019 [(1.27±0.29), (1.30±0.31) vs. (1.36±0.34) mmol/L], LDL-C in 2020was significantly higher than that in 2018and 2019 [(3.11±0.88) vs. (2.81±0.77), (2.84±0.71) mmol/L], TG in 2020 was significantly higher than that in 2019[(1.54±1.17) vs. (1.32±0.80) mmol/L], TC in 2019and 2020were significantly higher than that in 2018 [(4.88±0.94), (5.10±0.99) vs. (4.63±0.90) mmol/L], and the FBG in 2019and 2020were significantly lower than that in 2018 [(5.34±1.17), (5.44±1.58) vs. (5.84±1.70) mmol/L] (all P<0.05). The comparative analysis of men and women showed that the means of LDL-C, TG, TC and FBG of men were higher than those of women while the mean of HDL-C was lower than that of women in each year; compared with 2019, the increase of LDL-C and TC of men was obvious while the decrease of HDL-C of women was obvious (all P<0.05) in 2020. Conclusion:During the epidemic period of COVID-19, the home quarantine has adverse effects on blood glucose and lipid.

Objective:To investigate the molecular mechanism of rabbit ear cartilage remodeling induced by 1064 nm Nd∶YAG laser irradiation.Methods:Thirty-three rabbits were divided into 6 groups according to a random number table, and were used in the following experiments respectively: screening the optimal laser energy (6 rabbits), observing the changes of ear cartilage tissue immediately (6 rabbits), 1 week (6 rabbits), 3 weeks (6 rabbits), and 6 weeks after irridiation (6 rabbits), as well as transcriptome sequencing and verification (3 rabbits). The left ears of rabbits were used as untreated self-controls, while the right ears were irradiated. (1) Laser energy screening: the right ear cartilages of 6 rabbits were irradiated with 1064 nm Nd∶YAG laser at different energy densities (50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 J/cm 2). Cartilages without skin and perichondrium were cut into the same thickness and size for HE staining, in order to observe the changes of chondrocytes and to determine the optimal laser energy density for shaping (hereinafter referred to as the optimal energy density). (2) Histological observation of rabbit ear cartilage: the right ears of 24 rabbits were irradiated with laser under the optimal energy density. Bilateral cartilage samples were collected immediately after surgery and at 1, 3 and 6 weeks after surgery for histological observation (HE, Masson and Sirius red staining). (3) Transcriptome sequencing and sample verification: the right ears of 3 rabbits were irradiated with laser under the optimal energy density, and the cartilages were harvested and mixed within 6 hours after irradiation, which was set as the laser irradiation group. Cartilages of the same region and size on the left ears were set as blank control group. Transcriptome RNA sequencing was performed, and the expression levels of related genes and proteins were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting. Results:(1) After laser irradiation with different energy density of 50-100 J/cm 2, HE staining showed that the chondrocytes could be changed at the laser energy density of 80 J/cm 2, without causing vacuolar deformation and coagulation necrosis, indicating that the damage degree was suitable.(2) After 80 J/cm 2 laser irradiation, histological observation revealed that there was an irradiated zone immediately after the operation. The overall morphology of chondrocytes in the radiation zone was elongated and exhibited spindle cell-like changes, with deep matrix staining and obvious refraction, as well as a relative increase of type Ⅱ collagen. At 1 week after irradiation, the radiation zone became shallower and the cell size recovered. From 3 weeks to 6 weeks, the matrix staining around the radiation zone gradually deepened and the overall cellular morphology was stretched again. (3) Transcriptome RNA sequencing revealed that there were 198 differentially expressed genes (70 up-regulated and 128 down-regulated) in the laser irradiated group compared with the blank control group. Through further screening and study, CREB3L2 gene expression was up-regulated in the laser irradiation group. qPCR results showed that the relative expression level of CREB3L2 mRNA in laser irradiation group was significantly higher than that in the blank control group, the difference was statistically significant( P<0.01). Western blotting showed that the relative expression level of CREB3L2 protein was higher than that of control group in a time-dependent manner, and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.01). Conclusions:After irradiation with long-pulsed 1064 nm Nd∶YAG laser, the expression level of CREB3L2 gene is up-regulated, which then induced chondrocyte rearrangement and proliferation, resulting in morphological and biomechanical changes of ear cartilage.

Objective:To investigate the molecular mechanism of rabbit ear cartilage remodeling induced by 1064 nm Nd∶YAG laser irradiation.Methods:Thirty-three rabbits were divided into 6 groups according to a random number table, and were used in the following experiments respectively: screening the optimal laser energy (6 rabbits), observing the changes of ear cartilage tissue immediately (6 rabbits), 1 week (6 rabbits), 3 weeks (6 rabbits), and 6 weeks after irridiation (6 rabbits), as well as transcriptome sequencing and verification (3 rabbits). The left ears of rabbits were used as untreated self-controls, while the right ears were irradiated. (1) Laser energy screening: the right ear cartilages of 6 rabbits were irradiated with 1064 nm Nd∶YAG laser at different energy densities (50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 J/cm 2). Cartilages without skin and perichondrium were cut into the same thickness and size for HE staining, in order to observe the changes of chondrocytes and to determine the optimal laser energy density for shaping (hereinafter referred to as the optimal energy density). (2) Histological observation of rabbit ear cartilage: the right ears of 24 rabbits were irradiated with laser under the optimal energy density. Bilateral cartilage samples were collected immediately after surgery and at 1, 3 and 6 weeks after surgery for histological observation (HE, Masson and Sirius red staining). (3) Transcriptome sequencing and sample verification: the right ears of 3 rabbits were irradiated with laser under the optimal energy density, and the cartilages were harvested and mixed within 6 hours after irradiation, which was set as the laser irradiation group. Cartilages of the same region and size on the left ears were set as blank control group. Transcriptome RNA sequencing was performed, and the expression levels of related genes and proteins were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting. Results:(1) After laser irradiation with different energy density of 50-100 J/cm 2, HE staining showed that the chondrocytes could be changed at the laser energy density of 80 J/cm 2, without causing vacuolar deformation and coagulation necrosis, indicating that the damage degree was suitable.(2) After 80 J/cm 2 laser irradiation, histological observation revealed that there was an irradiated zone immediately after the operation. The overall morphology of chondrocytes in the radiation zone was elongated and exhibited spindle cell-like changes, with deep matrix staining and obvious refraction, as well as a relative increase of type Ⅱ collagen. At 1 week after irradiation, the radiation zone became shallower and the cell size recovered. From 3 weeks to 6 weeks, the matrix staining around the radiation zone gradually deepened and the overall cellular morphology was stretched again. (3) Transcriptome RNA sequencing revealed that there were 198 differentially expressed genes (70 up-regulated and 128 down-regulated) in the laser irradiated group compared with the blank control group. Through further screening and study, CREB3L2 gene expression was up-regulated in the laser irradiation group. qPCR results showed that the relative expression level of CREB3L2 mRNA in laser irradiation group was significantly higher than that in the blank control group, the difference was statistically significant( P<0.01). Western blotting showed that the relative expression level of CREB3L2 protein was higher than that of control group in a time-dependent manner, and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.01). Conclusions:After irradiation with long-pulsed 1064 nm Nd∶YAG laser, the expression level of CREB3L2 gene is up-regulated, which then induced chondrocyte rearrangement and proliferation, resulting in morphological and biomechanical changes of ear cartilage.

Objective To explore the difference of psychological state and the change of psycho logical state between mastectomy group for the purpose of changing gender identity and breast reduction surgery group for the purpose of improving physical beauty.Methods The psychological evaluation scale of three layers and twelve dimensions was used to evaluate the psychological status of 24 patients who underwent clinical breast masculine surgery and aesthetic breast reduction before and after operation.The psychological characteristics between the two groups before and after operation were compared and analyzed.Data analysis was carried out through Stata 13.0 software package.Results There were significant differences in depression factor,anxiety factor and obsessive compulsive symp tom factor in the aesthetic breast reduction group before and after operation (t=2.194,2.183,2.090;P=0.039,0.040,0.048,P＜0.05).There were significant differences in depression factor,anxiety factor,obsessive-compulsive symptom factor,bullying factor,psychological self,physical self and social self before and after mastectomy (t=4.188,3.730,2.484,2.570,5.898,3.531,3.162,P=0.000,0.001,0.021,0.018,0.000,0.002,0.005,P＜0.05).There were significant differ ences in depression,anxiety,psychoticism,obsessive-compulsive symptoms,psychological self,physiological self and social self between mastectomy group and aesthetic mastectomy group before operation.(t=2.629,4.081,2.097,4.246,5.419,2.600,2.545;P=0.015,0.001,0.048,0.000,0.000,0.016,0.018,P＜0.05).There was significant difference in postoperative depression,anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms between the mastectomy group and the aesthetic mastectomygroup (t=2.117,2.170,3.764;P=0.046,0.041,0.001,P＜0.05).Conclusions Plastic surgeons should pay attention to the psychological status and personality characteristics of different beauty seekers and give psychological guidance,which is of great significance to improve the medical experience and surgical effect of the beauty seekers.

Objective:Three-dimensional reconstruction and finite element analysis were used to investigate the outcomes of different fixation methods on horizontal osteotomy genioplasty and to identify the fixation method with best biomechanics.Methods:The skull spiral CT data of a patient with chin deformity were collected. The mandible three-dimensional model and internal fixation devices were reconstructed by Mimics, Geomagic Studio, Solidworks and Ansys Workbench software. The surgical osteotomy and four internal fixation methods (simple H-shaped titanium plate; 3 lag screws; H-shaped titanium plate combined with bilateral straight titanium plates; H-shaped titanium plate combined with bilateral lag screws) were simulated. The difference of deformation and stress distribution in each fixation under the same load were tested by finite element analysis.Results:The results of H-shaped titanium plate combined with bilateral lag screws fixation were the most balanced, the overall displacement was minimal (0.033 2 mm), the stress concentration of fixation material and free bone was 59.79 MPa and 4.69 MPa, respectively, and the regional stress was small[comparison of the equivalent stress of fixation material between groups, except that it was similar to the three lag screw fixation methods ( P>0.05), it was significantly smaller than the other two fixation methods ( P<0.01); comparison of the equivalent stress of free bone segment between groups, except that it was similar to the simple H-shaped titanium plate fixation method ( P>0.05), it was significantly smaller than the other two fixation methods ( P<0.05)]. Conclusion:The method of H-shaped titanium plate combined with bilateral lag screws fixation in horizontal osteotomy genioplasty has small deformation, which is not easy to cause deformation and fracture of fixation materials, and has superior mechanical properties. It is an appropriate method for clinical application.