Objective To investigate the role of biopsy kidney allograft in the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of acute and chronic rejection and other diseases involving renal allograft,and to determine the optimal time for early biopsy in chronic allograft rejection.Methods Non-random biopsy of renal allograft was performed in 44 kidney transplant recipients with the clinical manifestation of diagnosis-unconfirmed allograft diseases,in the presence increased in serum creatinine,microalbuminuria or/and proteinuria,glomerular hematuria and so on.Another 6 kidney transplant recipients received routine allograft biopsy 1 month after operation.Pathological evaluation was performed in all sections according to Banff 97 classification and based on clinical data.Results Chronic allograft rejection was discovered in the renal allograft specimens of 31.3%,76.5% and 88.2% recipients,respectively,in the 1st year,the 2nd to 3rd year and over 3 years after operation,and most of them showed no obvious clinical manifestation.A part of recipients with clinical diagnosis of acute rejection also showed pathological manifestations of chronic rejection and/or glomerulonephritis and chronic cyclosporine nephropathy.A part of recipients with clinical diagnosis of chronic rejection showed pathological manifestations of acute rejection and/or glomerulonephritis and chronic cyclosporine nephropathy.Pathological features of acute or chronic rejection,glomerulonephritis and chronic cyclosporine nephropathy were observed respectively in recipients with disorders of kidney allograft with unknown diagnosis.No obvious clinical symptoms were observed in nearly half of the patients with pathological diagnosis of glomerulonephritis.Good therapeutic effect was obtained in these recipients who were correctly treated on the basis of definite pathological diagnosis.Conclusions It is indicated that optimal time for early diagnosis in chronic renal allograft rejection might be the 2nd and 3rd year after transplantation,and routine biopsy should be performed in this period.It is suggested that biopsy of renal allograft is of importance value for rectification of clinical diagnosis and for recipients with clinically undefined renal allograft diseases.It is also indicated that there might be coexistence of acute,chronic rejection and/or glomerulonephritis and chronic cyclosporine nephropathy.

Objective:In order to study the effect of forkhead box c2 (Foxc2) on the development of skeleton and aorta Methods:Rat monoclonal anti mouse Foxc2 antibody was prepared by using recombinant fusion protein GST Foxc2, and used it to detect the expression of Foxc2 protein in C2C12 myoblasts and embryo of mouse Results:The titer of rat anti mouse Foxc2 antibody was 1: 5 000 This monoclonal antibody can specifically recognized Foxc2 protein producing in mouse L cells and human bladder carcinoma HTB9 cells transfected with CX Foxc2 plasmid Endogenous Foxc2 protein was detected in the mouse myoblast C2C12 cells and increased significantly in C2C12 cells after treatment with bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP 2) Endogenous Foxc2 protein level was lowered markedly by transfecting C2C12 cells with antisense Foxc2 sequence Foxc2 protein in 11 5 dpc embryo was localized in the developing selerotome and mesenchymal tissue around the aorta Conclusion:Rat anti mouse Foxc2 monoclonal antibody was successfully prepared by using recombinant fusion protein GST Foxc2 The BMP 2 induced Foxc2 protein may play an important role in regulating the osteoblastic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts and in the formation of axial skeleton and aortic arch

Literatures on arrhythmia induced by acute organophosphorous pesticide poisoning published in domestic journals from 1979 to 2010 were searched. Total 3468 cases of acute organophosphorous poisoning were collected and analyzed. The average abnormal ECC rate was (53 ±15)%(35. 4% -68. 4% ) in acute organophosphorous poisoning, the most common ECG abnormalities were ST-T segment changes (26. 5% ) and sinus tachycardia (16. 6% ). The rate and severity of ECG abnormalities were increased with the severity of organophosphorous poisoning(x2 = 33. 253,P < 0. 01). The most common causes of death in acute organophosphorous poisoning were ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (26.2%).

Otransplantation is a new subject which is developed so rapid that usually over the development of medical ethics.The shortage of organ supplement made organ transplantation face the challenge of medical ethics.Live organ donation has become a focal point of medical ethics in organ transplantation.It is necessary to eliminate all kinds of human organ commercialization and illegal transaction.We need pay more attention in the medical ethics issue about organ transplant,especially about live organ donation.Here is about the survey of medical ethics on live organ donation in People's Liberation Army No.181 Hospital.

Objective To detect the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its relationship to chronic kidney disease(CKD) in the residents of Guangxi, and to discuss the risk factors for the hyperuricemia associated renal damage. Methods The residents aged 18-75 years old(n=6 273) in Xiangshan community,Guilin, were screened by means of cross-sectional study. Blood pressure was measured at 8:00-9:00.Fasting blood and urine samples were collected to determine blood glucose, lipid, insulin, creatinine, and urine albumin. Results The prevalence of hyperuricemia in the community residents was 23.5% in all cohort, being significantly higher in male residents than in female(28.4% vs 19.7%,P＜0.01). The prevalence of CKD was 21.6% in all cohort, and was 24.9% in males and 19.0% in females(P＜0.01). The prevalence of CKD was 30.4% and 18.9% respectively in residents with and without hyperuricemia(P＜0.01).The prevalence of CKD in males with hyperuricemia(34.3%) was significantly higher than in males without hyperuricemia(21.2%) and females with hyperuricemia(25.9%, all P＜0.01). CKD was only positively related to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood glucose, and systolic blood pressure shown by logistic regression analysis. Conclusions The prevalence of hyperuricemia markedly increases in the urban residents, which contribute to the raised prevalence of CKD. Slightly elevated blood uric acid level is associated with raised prevalence of CKD.

BACKGROUND: A large number of researches have confirmed that hypertension, vascular nephrosclerosis and chronic systemic inflammatorome were the importance factors of chronic allograft dysfunction. Hyperuricemia is associated with primary hypertension and vascular nephrosclerosis, and can result in chronic systemic inflammatorome, but it was uncertain whether post-transplantation hyperuricemia and its lesion influence the long term graft function. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) before and after transplantation and the influence of hyperuricemia on long term graft function. METHODS: A total of 216 renal transplant recipients [146 males with the mean age of (40.98±11.09) years and 70 females with mean age of (40.01±11.62) years]with normal renal function after transplantation were selected from PLA Center of Kidney Transplantation and Dialysis, the 181 Hospital of Chinese PLA. In order to compare the influence of different hyperuricemia status on the long term graft function, the patients were divided into 4 groups according their pre-transplant baseline and post-transplant serum uric acid (SUA) levels, SUA normal group, pre-transplant high SUA group, post-transplant high SUA group and both pre-transplant and post-transplant high SUA group. The patients were also divided into 3 groups according to their post-transplantation SUA level to study the influence of SUA on the long term graft function, normal SUA group, hyperuricemia (SUA < 500 μmol/L) group and hyperuricemia (SUA > 500 μmol/L) group. Effects of hyperuricemia and SUA levels pre-and post-transplantation on long term graft function were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hyperuricemia existed in 34.2% male RTRs and 37.7% females before transplantation, while it existed in 36.2% male RTRs and 42.4% females at the first month post-transplantation when they had normal Scr levels. The incidence rate of post-transplant hyperuricemia in female RTRs was significantly higher than male RTRs (P < 0.05). The average post-transplantation SUA levels in both male and female RTRs were significantly higher than those before transplantation (P < 0.01). At follow-up end, the pre-transplantation SUA levels did not significantly influence on the long term graft function (P > 0.05), meanwhile the RTRs with continuous post-transplant hyperuricimia had poorer long term graft function than those with normal post-transplantation SUA levels. It is indicated that hyperuricemia is more common in post-transplantation recipients, especially in female RTRs, when compared to pre-transplantation, and post-transplantation hyperuricemia often existed in renal transplant recipients with normal graft function. Furthermore it is suggested that post-transplantation hyperuricimia, but not pre-transpiantation hyperuricemia, could also act as a factor inducing chronic renal allograft dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of insulin resistance(IR)and its relationship with metabolic syndrome in patients after lenal transplantation.Methods 133 renal transplant redpients who had not undergone acute rejection,calcinurine intoxication and severe infection,and had normal renal function and no proteinuria at the 6th month post-transplantation,were involved in the study.They had a history of chronic glomerulonephritis as the primary disease of ESRF but rio diabetes mellitus.108 recipients(CsA group)were treated with CsA,mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)and prednisone after transplantation,19 recipients(Tac group)with tacrolimns(Tac),MMF and prednimne,and 6 recipients with Simlimus,respectively.One year later,blood and urine biochemical tests and physical examinations were performed on the recipients,and HOMA calculated.200 cormnunity residents were randomly selected as controls.Results The incidence of MS in the recipients was 33.1%,significantly higher than controls(15.0%).There was no significant difference in the incidence of obesity and overweight between recipients(29.3%)and controls(37.5%).In recipients with obesity or overweight,the insulin-resistance level and urine albumin level,and the incidence of MS weree significantly higher than those without obesity or overweight.The insulin-resistance level in Tac-treated recipients was markedly higher than CsA-treated recipients,and there was a positive correlation between the blood concentration of Tac and insulin-resistance levd.Microalbuminufia-positive recipients had higher insulin-resistance levels.Metabolic syndrome-complicating recipients had higher insulin-resistance levels than those without metabolic synawme,and higher insulinresistance levels existed in recipients with hypertriglyceridemia or hyperchcllesterolemia,hypertension.Conclusion Obesity or overweight,Tac(especially when blood concentration was higher)were risk factors resulting in imulin-resistanee in kidney transplant recipients.It is suggested that insulin-resistance might be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome including hypertrglyceridmaia,hypercbolestemlemia and hypertenion.

0.05).But its incidence was higher in females than in males after transplantation(P

Objective To observe the bone metabolism of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and investigate the roles of some bone metabolism markers such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5),C-terminal telopeptide of collagen-Ⅰ (CTX-Ⅰ) and BALP in PsA patients with bone destructions.Methods Sixty-five cases of psoriatic arthritis,30 cases of psoriasis and 30 cases of healthy people were enrolled.Bone mineral densities of lumbar spines and the left femoral necks were measured for all PsA patients using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.The Serum levels of TRACP5b,CTX-Ⅰ,BALP of healthy controls,Ps and PsA patients were measured.The PsA group was further divided into bone destruction group and none bone destruction group by image datasets.The levels of TRACP5b,CTX-Ⅰ,BALP,PsAJAI,ESR and CRP from each group were detected.Mann-Whitney and x2 test were used for statistic analysis.Results TRACP5b levels of the healthy controls,Ps and PsA patients were (0.9±0.4),(0.7±0.5) and (2.0±1.4) U/L respectively,and were significantly higher in the PsA patients than those of the other two groups (Z=-3.698,-3.638; P＜0.05).The CTX-Ⅰ levels of these three groups were (0.9±0.8),(0.6±0.7) and (2.6±1.8) ng/ml respectively,and were also dramatically higher in the PsA patients than the other two groups (Z=-5.262,-5.734; P＜0.05).BALP levels of each group were (22±4),(22±4) and (25±7) U/L,and were also evidently higher in the PsA patients than patients in the other two groups (Z=-2.214,-2.000; P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the levels of TRACP5b [(2.6±1.4) U/L],CTX-Ⅰ [(3.1±1.8) ng/ml] and BALP [(26±7) U/L] were significantly higher in bone destruction group than those in the none bone destruction group [(1.2±1.0) U/L,(1.9±1.6) ng/ml,(23±6) U/L,Z=-3.544,-3.429,-2.083; P＜0.05].Conclusion The high levels of TRACP5b,CTX-Ⅰ and BALP in PsA indicate that there is bone metabolism imbalances in PsA.And the high levels of TRACP5b,CTX-Ⅰ and BALP in the bone destruction group suggest that the rises of TRACP5,CTX-Ⅰ and BALP levels may be related with bone erosions.

BACKGROUND: Type Ⅱ collagen has been used as the carrier for chondrocyte transplantation in animal models, but whether type Ⅱ collagen may cause arthritis or mediate cytotoxicity remains unknown.OBJECTIVE: To detect the cellular immune functions of the New Zealand rabbits immunized by porcine type Ⅱ collagen.DESIGN: An exploratory comparative study based on the observations.SETTING: An institute of trauma surgery of a municipal hospital.MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the Institute of Trauma Surgery,Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital from August 1999 to February 2000. Six New Zealand rabbits, whose body mass ranged from 2.0 kg to 3.0 kg, were chosen of either gender.METHODS: The rabbits were immunized by porcine type Ⅱ collagen for 60days, during which the plasma was regularly taken for detection of type Ⅱ collagen antibody. On the 60th day, the peripheral blood as well as the spleens and lymph nodes were taken to separate the lymphocytes, which were subjected to secondary stimulation with type Ⅱ collagen in vitro to observe the reactive cell proliferation. The lymphocytes were randomly divided into two groups, and the first group was treated with phytohemagglutinin(PHA) of different concentrations to serve as the positive control, in which non-specific immunity was examined; The second group was treated with type Ⅱ collagen of different concentrations for examining specific immunity.peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal and immunized rabbits.RESULTS: On the 21st day, the titer of the antibody presented the first peak, and 40 days after the re-injection of the antigen the second peak appeared, which maintained for 20 days and then gradually descended. The lymphocytes of the normal rabbits proliferated in response to PHA stimulation but not to the first stimulation with the type Ⅱ collagen. The lymphocytes of the immunized rabbits exhibited significant proliferation upon stimulations with both PHA and type Ⅱ collagen. At the concentration of 25 mg/L, type Ⅱ collagen stimulation was sufficient to induce lymphocyte proliferation, the peak of which occurred when the collagen concentration reached 50 mg/L.CONCLUSION: Xenogenic type Ⅱ collagen at an adequate concentration may induce the increase of the type Ⅱ collagen antibody in immunized rabbits and proliferation of lymphocytes of the spleens and peripheral blood to cause cellular immune reaction and even immunological arthritis in relation to the transplantation.