itamin D plays a crucial role in human health and diseases.Researches have showed that 50％ of the population have a risk for vitamin D deficiency in the world.Vitamin D deficiency is caused by the lack of sunlight or by deficient dietary supplement.It does not only lead to rickets and osteomalacia, can also cause cancers, cardiovascular disease, endocrine system diseases, autoimmune diseases, nervous system diseases and tuberculosis susceptibility.

The paper introduces new retrieval functions in PubMed 2008, including advanced search pattern, citation sensor and improved automatic term mapping, meanwhile the analysis and assessment on those new functions are originally revealed, it points out the advantages, limitations as well as applicable situations, so as to provide help for users.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the reasons for leg length discrepancy following total hip arthroplasty,and to summarize the prevention and treatment of leg length discrepancy after total hip arthroplasty.DATA SOURCES:A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) for the English articles published between 2001 and 2008 with keywords "Leg length discrepancy,hip arthroplasty" and Wanfang database (http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn) for the Chinese articles published between 2004 and 2009.DATA SELECTION:Totally 154 literatures were retrieved by computer,including 116 English articles and 38 Chinese articles,through reading title and abstract,112 independent and 51 repeated papers were excluded.The remained 29 literatures were performed further analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Reasons for leg length discrepancy and the prevention and treatment of leg length discrepancy following total hip arthroplasty.RESULTS:The main cause of leg length discrepancy after total hip arthroplasty included redundant neck of femur stump,used longer prothesis neck,diminished femur eccentricity,selected longer neck of femur prothesis,as well as larger movement of cotyloid cavity rotation center.The effective approaches of leg length discrepancy after total hip arthroplasty included careful preoperative planning,intraoperative measurement digital templating and image-guided surgery.It could be the adjusted with heel and shaped bottom for the limbs length which was more than 15 mm after operation,and revision operation maybe applied to patients who had more than 20 mm limbs length or combined with complications.CONCLUSIONS:Leg length discrepancy is one of the common complications following total hip arthroplasty.Along with the development of science and technology,to design individual prothesis and computer-assisted navigation joint can be recover farthest joint function.

Objective:To study the histogenesis and cell differentiation of desmoplastic ameloblastoma.Methods:The expression of various protein filaments was detected by immunohistochemical stainning in 20 cases of desmoplastic ameloblastoma and the ultrastructure of the tumor was observed in 4 cases.Results:CKH,CK8 and CK19 were positive in spindle-shaped and polygonal epithlium tumor cells.Vimentin was positive in mesenchymal fibrocytes and smooth muscle actin in some mesenchymal cells.Ultrastructural observation found that tonifilaments were in epithelial cells and there were desmosomes between these cells.In stroma myofibroblasts were presented.Loose connective tissue could be seen around some epithelial cell nests.Conclusion:Desmoplastic ameloblastoma may be arise from the early stage of the dental germ formation, epithelial cells of the tumor had the tendency to differentiate to the keratinized cells.

Objective: To sum up the therapeutic effect of early enteral nutrition(EN) in postoperative patients with esophageal or cardiac cancer.Methods: The clinical data of 106 postoperative patients with esophageal or cardiac cancer who had received early enteral nutrition treatment were analyzed retrospectively.Results: All the patients recovered well.The occurrence of the serious postoperative complication,such as anastomotic leak,hypoalbuminemia and so on had been decreased.Conclusion: Early EN for postoperative patients with esophageal or cardiac cancer is a physiological nutrition support way.EN can maintain gastrointestinal function and improve nutritional status.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of repairing finger nail bed defects by split-thickness nail bed grafts in one stage, and evaluate the functional recovery of nail beds comprehensively. Methods From February 2000 to December 2003, 33 fingers with nail bed defect in 26 patients (7 thumbs, 13 index fingers, 9 middle fingers, 4 ring fingers) were repaired with middle thickness grafts of nail bed harvested from the residual nail beds of the same fingers or from nail beds of 1st, 2nd and 3rd toes. Brachial plexus block or regional anesthesia was used. When the area of nail bed defect area was less than one third of the nail, the graft was taken from the same finger under rubber tourniquet. In condition of the area of nail bed defect larger than one third of the nail beyond nail plica or two nail bed defects, the grafts were taken from the nail beds of 1st, 2nd and 3rd toes. Results In the study, there were 23 fingers (18 patients) with the nail bed defects area more than 5 mm and less than one third of the nail repaired with the grafts of the same finger nail; there were 10 fingers (8 patients) with the nail bed defects more than one third of the nail beyond the nail plica or two nail bed defects transplanted with toe nail bed. All patients were followed up from 6 months to 30 months with an average of 17 months, all grafts survived very well. No pain, no infection and obvious deformed growth of nail were found, and a sound recovery was obtained in all patients. Excellent and good rates were 87.9% in 23 patients with 29 fingers; poor rate was 12.1% in 3 patients with 4 fingers according to the criteria by L? Gui-xin. Conclusion The transplantation of middle split-thickness nail bed to repair nail bed defect is simple and easy to operate. The grafted nail can grow in good appearance, and the deformation rate is lower.

Objective To detect the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-lα (HIF-1α) in both mRNA and protein and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in human epithelial ovarian cancer,and investigate the abnormal state of oxygen metabolism and their interaction in human epithelial ovarian cancer develoment.Methods The expression of HIF-1α in mRNA and protein in epithelial ovarian cancer were detected by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical Elivision plus two-step method,and the level of ROS was detected by fluorescence microplate reader.Results The relative content of HIF-1α mRNA in the epithelial ovarian cancer group was 4.466±0.754,which was higher than that of the benign control group (6.073±1.053) (t =-7.701,P =0.000).The expression of HIF-1α mRNA was raised gradually in tissues of the benign ovarian tumor,early and advanced stage of epithelial ovarian cancer (t =5.301,P =0.000).The expression of HIF-1α mRNA in the epithelial ovarian cancer had positive correlation with grade and lymph node metastasis (t =3.724,-3.851,P =0.000).The positive expression rate of HIF-1 α protein in epithelial ovarian cancer was 63.49 ％ (40/63),which was higher than that of the benign group (U =433,P =0.005),which had positive correlation with lymph node metastasis and stage (x2 =4.289,12.360; P =0.038,0.000).The expression of ROS in the epithelial ovarian cancer was 110.239±18.414,which was higher than that of the benign group (58.366±20.360) (t =11.068,P =0.000),which had positive correlation with grade,lymph node metastasis and stage (t =-2.055,2.816,-4.138; P =0.044,0.007,0.000).There was a moderate positive correlation between the expression of HIF-1α mRNA and ROS in epithelial ovarian cancer (r =0.572,P =0.000),and that was similar in low differentiation group and advanced group,there was a relatively high positive correlation in lymph node metastasis group (r =0.703,P =0.001),there was a relatively low correlation between HIF-1α mRNA and ROS (r =0.376,P =0.002).Conclusion Hypoxia is the basic characteristic of human epithelial ovarian carcers.This study suggested that HIF-1α is associated with human epithelial overaian cancer prognosis.ROS and HIF-1α might be involved in the genesis of human epithelial ovarian cancer,and the regulation of ROS to HIF-1α may play the important roles in the invasion and metastasis process of human epithelial ovarian cancer.The expression of HIF-1α is regulated by ROS at the transcriptional and protein levels,probably mainly on protein level.

0.05). It could protect the survival nephrons. No obvious toxic and side effects were found. It is indicated that Niaoduling capsule is safe and effective for CRF.

Objective To study the influence of realgar on apoptosis and Bcl-2 expression of leukemia.Methods Realgar treatment group and adriamycin(ADR)treatment group were established,and the indexes involved with OD value of cell strain,morphologic alteration of apoptosis,and positive expressive rate of Bcl-2 were observed in the two groups.Results Compared with ADR treatment group,OD value and Bcl-s positive expressive rate were significantly decreased(P＜0.05)and apoptotic rate was significantly increased in realgar group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Realgar has excellent effect to induce apoptosis of leukemia.

OBJECTIVE:To study in vitro antiviral effect of Junduqing granules. METHODS:Human laryngeal cancer Hep2 cells were inoculated with the Nancy strain of coxsackievirus B3 (CoxB3) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) to establish vi-rus-infected cell models. 2 mg/ml original liquid of Junduqing granules and 2 mg/ml original liquid of chlorogenic acid which were diluted according to the ratio of 1∶2-1∶256 were used to act on the virus-infected cells. Reed-Muench method was adopted to calcu-late 50% toxic concentration (TC50) and maximal atoxic concentration (TC0). Virus-infected cells were cultured with solution of Junduqing granules of 1.25,0.625,0.312 5 and 0.156 25 mg/ml and chlorogenic acid solution 0.5,0.25,0.125,0.062 5 mg/ml, and then the degree of cytopathic effect was evaluated with a microscope. Virus-infected cells were cultured with 1.25,0.625, 0.312 5 ,0.156 25,0.078 125 mg/ml solution of Junduqing granules and 0.5,0.25,0.125,0.062 5,0.031 25 mg/ml of chlorogenic acid solution,and Reed-Muench method was adopted to calculate 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and therapeutic index (TI) on RSV and CoxB3 cells. RESULTS:TC50 of Junduqing granules was 1.79 mg/ml and TC0 was 1.25 mg/ml,TC50 of chlorogenic ac-id was 0.71 mg/ml and TC0 was 0.5 mg/ml. Virus-infected cells grew normally when the mass concentration of solution of Jundu-qing granules was 1.25 mg/ml. IC50 of Junduqing granules was 0.22 mg/ml and TI was 8.14;IC50 of chlorogenic acid were 0.18 and 0.36 mg/ml,TI were 3.94 and 1.97. CONCLUSIONS:Junduqing granules have in vitro anti-CoxB3 and RSV effect.