OBJECTIVE To analyze the impact of clinical application sheets for special antibiotics on clinical medication and the existing questions in implementation and irrational phenomena caused by the use of antibiotics.METHODS All the applications sheets for the first month clinical use of special antibiotics in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively,and their used dosage before and after of was compared monthly.RESULTS It was indicated that the partial application sheets were filled out incompletely;the dosage of special antibiotics after clinical application was declined obviously,while the pathogen test rate for the sample was too low and the starting point of the preventive use of antibiotics in some departments was too high.CONCLUSIONS The applications sheets for special antibiotics promote the rational usage of antibiotics in some extent;however,there is still deficiency in operation.Meanwhile,there are some problems in the clinical medication in our hospital and need to take the comprehensive preventive measures to manage it.

AIM:To establish the fingerprint chromatogram of amino acids compounds of Xiasangju Granules(Spica Prunellae,Flos Chrysanthemi indici,Folium mori.).METHODS:To apply 6-aminoqtiinoly-N-hydroxysuccinimdyl carbamate(AQC) pre-column derivatization HPLC method.Separation was performed on SYMMETRY C_(18)(150 mm?(4.6) mm,5 ?m) analytical column with mobile phase consisting of acetate(pH=(5.05)) and 60% acetonitrile with gradient elution with the flow rate(1.0) mL/min and the column temperature at 37 ℃.The Fluorescence wavelength used for detection was set at 250 nm(Excitation wavelength) and 395 nm(Emission wavelength) and the analysis time was 50 min.RESULTS:12 co-peaks on the HPLC fingerprints of Xiasangju Granules were indicated.The similarities were determined by the coefficients of cosine and correlation.The results of similarity analysis were(0.95)-(1.00).CONCLUSION:Perfect fingerprints were obtained which can be used for the quality control of Xiasangju Granules.

60 years old,serious foundation disease,abuse application of broadspectrum antibiotics,hormones,chemotherapy and radiotherapy,invasive operations,and so on.CONCLUSIONS We should pay atteution to nosocomial fungal infections and prevent and control them effectively by strengthening the detection of the fungus and antifungus therapy.

AIM: To establish an effective and convenient method for applying HPLC fingerprints to quality control in the production of Xiasangju Granules(Spica prunellae,Folium mori,Flos chrysanthemi). METHODS: Komasil Sunfrie C_(18)(150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) analytical column was used and eluted with a gradient program consisted of phase A(1% acetic acid) and phase B(methanol) and detected at 290 nm.The fingerprints of aqueous extract,alcohol-precipitated extract,concentrate and finished product were compared with. RESULTS: The fingerprint method for Xiasangju Granules was established.The similarity among 10 batches of Xiasangju Granules was no less than 0.970.The difference between extracts and finished product of Xiasangju Granules was obvious. CONCLUSION: This validated method is available for quality evaluation and quality control in Xiasangju Granule's production.

A method for the simultaneous determination of 34 pesticides in sunflower oil, soybean oil and corn oil was developed. The samples were extracted and purified by a modified QuEChERS method, and then the supernatant was analyzed by on-line gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GPC-GC-MS ) . The linear range was from 0 . 01 to 0 . 2 mg/L with a good correlation coefficients ( r≥0. 9913). The average recoveries of 31 pesticides (except p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDT. For detail, please reference to section 3 . 6 ) ranged from 70 . 3% to 115 . 4%, 69 . 5% to 112 . 6% and 70 . 2% to 116 . 1%spiked at 0. 05 μg/g and 0. 1 μg/g with the relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=6) less than 13. 3%, 13. 5% and 12. 1% in sunflower oil, soybean oil and corn oil samples, respectively. The LODs of this method ranged from 0. 0692 to 2. 28, 0. 0559 to 2. 01 and 0. 0584 to 2. 14μg/kg (S/N=3) in sunflower oil, soybean oil and corn oil samples respectively. The convenient operation and versatility of this method are suitable for the fast screening and detection of 34 pesticide residues in sunflower oil, soybean oil and corn oil.

Objective To investigate the applicability of clinical grade and a non-contact measurement method in evaluation of underneath eye wrinkles and to compare two methods.Methods A lot of 46 healthy Chinese women were recruited for this study.Underneath eye wrinkles severity was evaluated using clinical grade and a non-contact measurement method.The correlations were calculated for clinical grade and non-contact measurement parameters and age.The non-contact measurement parameters were classified by factor analysis.The correlations between age,clinical grade and factors were analyzed.Results The correlation coefficient between clinical grade in comparison to subject's age was 0.818.The parameters getting from non contact measurement were obviously correlated with age and clinical grade except SEr and SEsc;the correlation coefficients between parameters and age were-0.601 to 0.605;the correlation cofficients between parameters and clinical grade were-0.630 to 0.570.The non-contact measurement parameters could be classified into two factors;one represented wrinkle depth and roughness;the other represented wrinkle width and counts.These two factors were also obviously correlated with age and clinical grade.Conclusions Clinical grade and non contact measurement methods are both applicable in evaluation of underneath eye wrinkles.The parameters getting from two methods are obviously correlated with each other.

Objective To realize the current situation of prevention and control of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)since the development of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)management in China in the re-cent 30 years.Methods Random cluster sampling was used to select 165 secondary and tertiary hospitals in 13 provinces and cities in China,questionnaires were filled in,the content included time,scope,method,data feed-back,and incidence of CAUTI monitoring.Results Of 165 hospitals,92.12% (152/165)have implemented targe-ted monitoring,the implementation rate in tertiary hospitals was higher than secondary hospitals (98.08% [102/104]vs 81.97%[50/61],χ2 =13.748,P <0.001).Most hospitals (82.24%[125/152])only implemented monito-ring in intensive care units(ICUs)or partial ICUs.HAI management professionals,HAI control doctors and nurses in 69.08%(105/152)of hospitals jointly took responsibility for CAUTI monitoring.95.39% (145/152)of hospitals diagnosed CAUTI by combination of clinical manifestations and laboratory examination results.98.68%(150/152) of hospitals have gradually implemented intervention measures,such as strictly mastering the indications of urinary indwelling catheters,hand hygiene of health care workers,non-frequent change of urinary indwelling catheters,and necessity for daily assessment of catheterization.75.66% (115/152)of hospitals conducted feedback of monitored results to the whole hospital.Incidences of CAUTI in pre-2010,2010,and 2015 were 3.10‰,4.72‰,and 1.89‰respectively.Conclusion In the recent 30 years,monitoring on CAUTI in China has obtained achievement,CAUTI monitoring is gradually standardized and scientific,but the development at all levels of medical institutions is still imbalance,which needs to be improved further.

Objective To understand the current situation of occupational exposure and protection among health care workers (HCWs ), and provide evidence for formulating preventive measures of occupational exposure. Methods From April 6,2016 to May 6,2016,questionnaire surveys were conducted in 158 different levels of hos-pitals in 13 provinces in China,occupational exposure,protection management,and monitoring of occupational expo-sure in the first year,2010,and 2015 was surveyed by cluster random sampling method.Results Occupational ex-posure in 81.65% (129/158)of hospitals was responsible by healthcare-associated infection management depart-ments;98.73%(156/158)of hospitals set up the relevant rules and regulations;77.22%(122/158)of hospitals had missing report of occupational exposure.A total of 11 116 times of occupational exposure occurred (1 542 cases in the first year,2 474 in 2010,and 7 100 in 2015).Of various types of occupational exposure,sharp injury accounted for 96.76%;among HCWs sustained occupational exposure,nursing staff accounted for 53.90%;the major de-partment that HCWs who sustained occupational exposure were general wards,operating rooms,and intensive care units;the main medical appliances related to occupational exposure were syringes,scalp needles,and surgical suture needles;high-risk behavior causing occupational exposure were intravenous injection,putting needles into the sharp con-tainers,and surgical suturing;among occupational exposure sources,HBV accounted for 58.69%.Conclusion HCWs in China face a high risk of occupational exposure,occurrence of occupational exposure should be reduced through gov-ernment legislation,application of safety appliances,standardizing behavior of HCWs,proper using of personal pro-tective equipment,strengthening education and training of HCWs,and establishing a sound occupational exposure report,evaluation and follow-up system.

Objective To estimate the differences between face and hand skin and age correlation in females aged 23-46 years living in Shanghai.Methods 139 women aged 23-46 years from Shanghai attended this program.The water content,pH,TEWL and elasticity of cheek,forehead,hand back of and palm were evaluated by non-invasive skin test instruments.Results The skin water content of these four parts from high to low were forehead,cheek,hand back and palm,and they were different from each other significantly.The pH of cheek was the highest,and forehead was the lowest;there was no significant difference between hand back and palm.TEWL of palm was the high-est,and cheek was the lowest;the difference between forehead and hand back was inconsistent in different age groups.The elasticity of cheek was the highest.There was no significant difference in R2 between forehead,hand back and cheek.The condition of R5 and R7 was different between younger group and older group.In young group the cheek was the highest,and palm was the lowest.In older group,cheek and forehead,palm and hand back began to converge.In addition to the elasticity of cheek and hand back,other parameters of other parts had no significantly difference between different age groups,and also had no significant correlation.Conclusions The cheek has the best skin barrier,elasticity and the highest pH,and the elasticity of cheek decreases with age.The forehead has the highest water content and lowest pH,TEWL and the elasticity of hand back are close to the forehead,and the elasticity of hand back decreases with age.The palm has the highest TEWL and lowest water content.Its total recovery amount in the elastic curve is higher,but the elastic ratio in the recovery is the lowest.

Objective:To measure the skin color parameters of Chinese women with non-invasive instruments test, and to validate assessment scales (VAS) and image analysis. Skin tone index (STI) of Chinese women was created by PLS-VIP method, and then used to the overall evaluation of Chinese women skin color.Methods:The skin color scale by VAS, parameters measured by tristumulus colorimeter, narrow-band-simple reflectance meter and image analysis were administered at the cheek of 60 famle subjects. The correlations among all the parameters collected by the instruments and scales by VAS were investigated, and then the main impact factors of skin color grade were analyzed. The STI model was created by principal component analysis and further tested.Results:With b value exception, skin color score was significantly correlated with the instrument parameters. The absolute values of coefficients were from 0.6898 to 0.8648. Int, L, BS, MI and EI were the most important parameters which influenced the consumer＇s perception of skin visual color. The SWI=0.47*Int+ 0.47*L+ 0.43*BS-0.44MI-0.43EI was created by PLS-VIP. The coefficient between SWI and skin color scale was -0.834 ( P<0.0001). Conclusions:STI could be effectively and comprehensively representative of the degree of skin color change.